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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the clinical course of eight patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who were treated with recombinant gamma-interferon (Immuneron) as part of a phase II-III study comparing the safety and efficacy of gamma-interferon with that of medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera). There were no objective responders among the eight patients treated with recombinant gamma-interferon at an i.v. dose of 1 mg/m(2) daily for five days every other week for four weeks then 1 mg/m(2) three times a week given every other week until there was documented disease progression or complete response (CR). Overall median survival was 17.3 months (range 1.4 to 184). The major side effects of treatment included fever/chills (75%), mild anorexia and fatigue (75%), nausea/vomiting (80%), leukopenia (38%), and abnormal liver function tests (25%). There were no life-threatening side effects observed. At our institution, in a random cohort of eight patients with metastatic RCC, recombinant gamma-interferon when given at a dose of 1 mg/m(2) per day given three times per week on an every other week schedule yields no clinical antitumor activity. A review of the literature on the use of gamma-interferon for metastatic RCC suggests that low-dose combination therapy with other cytokines may yield the best response-to-side effect ratio. Higher doses yield more responses but an added cost of more toxicity.
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PMID:Single institution experience with recombinant gamma-interferon in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. 861 Jun 39

To assess the contraceptive needs of induced abortion patients, a 3-month (1992-93) prospective study was conducted of 269 women presenting to a National Health Service clinic in London, England, for pregnancy termination. 163 women (62.6%) had been using contraception--primarily condoms--around the time they became pregnant, but 86 failed to use the method correctly. Another 81 women (31.2%) had used contraceptives in the past, but not at the time of the index conception. 73 of these women were former pill users and 39 had used condoms. 39.5% of these women had discontinued use because of contraceptive side effects, particularly nausea. Finally, 16 women (6.2%) had never used a contraceptive method. 15 of these women were from outside the UK and had difficulties speaking English. When asked what form of contraception they would like to use in the future, 48.8% of abortion patients identified the pill, 11.9% wanted Depo-Provera, 7.3% chose condoms, and 6.5% wanted the IUD. Chemists were a major source of contraceptive supplies for women in this study, and this trend may represent a way of avoiding discussions of sexual activity with health professionals. Among the recommendations emerging from this study are more widespread education about and availability of emergency contraception, health promotion education in pharmacies, enhanced training of general practitioners in pill prescribing criteria and counseling, efforts to prevent repeat unwanted pregnancies, and the preparation of educational materials for non-English speaking family planning clients.
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PMID:Use of contraception in women who present for termination of pregnancy in inner London. 939 68

A case report documents a Hispanic adolescent, 17 years of age, with pseudocyesis, who became amenorrheic using Depo-Provera to prevent a second pregnancy. Pseudocyesis includes classic symptoms of pregnancy such as nausea, breast enlargement and pigmentation, abdominal distention, and amenorrhea in nonpregnant women. It demonstrates the to control one's physical aspect at the level of hypothalamus. The involvement that contributed to her pseudocyesis--in this case, of her mother and boyfriend -- was not unusual. The abrupt resolution was brought on by normal menstrual period that began after she voluntarily missed her Depo-Provera injection. However, her ambivalence about a pregnancy became clear after she and her family received counseling. While the agenda had been to help her prevent a pregnancy, hers had not been as clear and uncomplicated. Her subsequent conception was a very positive one for her and her family, which helped to resolve the situation.
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PMID:Pseudocyesis in an adolescent using the long-acting contraceptive Depo-Provera. 1047

A 63-year-old woman underwent modified radical mastectomy with 3 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil) and MPA endocrine therapy for breast cancer. Because of nausea and general fatigue, she refused to continue this therapy and did not visit the hospital. When she came our hospital and 16 months later, she had developed multiple bone metastases. At the same time, she was suffering from lung tuberculosis. She was treated with toremifene at a dose of 120 mg/day without any side effects. After 3 months administration of toremifene, pain disappeared and her high serum CA15-3 and BCA225 dropped to within the normal range. On bone scintigrams, abnormal accumulation almost disappeared after 9 months of administration of toremifene. In this case, the patient was suffering from lung tuberculosis and did not desire intensive chemotherapy. Administration of high-dose toremifene was effective for multiple bone metastases without any side effects.
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PMID:[A case of breast cancer with multiple bone metastases improved by high-dose toremifene]. 1143 55

The acceptability of 2 and 3 month injectable contraceptives was assessed and compared, and the acceptability of the injectables was further compared with that of oral contraceptives (OCs) and IUDs among a random sample of women, who attended a clinic in Alexandria, Egypt. The study was conducted by the University of Alexandria. The sample included 100 acceptors of the 2-month injectable, norethisterone oenanthate (NET-O EN), 100 acceptors of the 3-month injectable, depo-medroxy pregesterone acetate (DPMA), 60 OC acceptors, and 60 IUD acceptors. The women were interviewed prior to treatment and 2 or 3 times during the 6 months following their initial acceptance of the methods. Women who discontinued at any time during the 6-month period were interviewed concerning their reasons for discontinuing. The data was analyzed by calculating means and % distribution and by testing for significance. The percent lost to follow up was 12% for the NET-O EN group, 12% for DPMA users, and 0% for IUD and OC acceptors. The mean age of the acceptors was 30.4 years for NET-O EN, 30.7 years for DMPA, 28.3 years for OCs, and 25.2 years for IUDs. For these acceptor groups, the respective mean number of years of schooling was 6.1, 5.2, 7.2, and 7.5, and the respective mean number of pregnancies was 5.6, 5.4, 3.8, and 2.9. All 320 of the women were married, and 319 were Muslim. 99.4% lived in urban areas. 10% had no living male children, and 23.7% had no living female children. 2/3 of the injectable acceptors previously used 2 or more fertility control methods. A higher percent of IUD and OC acceptors, compared to injectable acceptors, reported using only 1 or no previous method. More than 1/2 of the injectable acceptors reported disruptions in their normal bleeding patterns. NET-O EN acceptors were more likely to experience heavy or prolonged bleeding while DPMA acceptors were more likely to report amenorrhea or a decreased flow. IUD acceptors were also bothered by bleeding problems. Almost all the women who reported changes in bleeding patterns were unhappy about the changes. Many of the women who reported amenorrhea worried that they might be pregnant. Women who experienced heavy or unpredictable bleeding worried about anemia and complained that bleeding interfered with their daily routines. 47.6% of the women reported weight gains, but this was generally viewed as an advantage. Nausea was the major side effect associated with OC use. 32% of the OC users, 28.0% of the NET-E ON users, 30.0% of the DMPA users, and none of the IUD users reported nausea. For all 4 groups, convenience and effectiveness were the major advantages the women attributed to their chosen method. Continuation rates were 68% for NET-O EN, 70% for DMPA, 75% for OCs, and 75% for IUDs. The major reason for discontinuation of injectables was bleeding problems. Among injectable users, a higher proportion of discontinuers (49%) than of continuers (20%) reported amenorrhea. The findings suggest that continuation for injectables could be improved if patients were given more detailed information about possible side effects and if they were advised to return to the clinic for treatment of any symptoms they experience.
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PMID:Acceptability study of the two versus three monthly injectable contraceptives. 1217 96

In a recent survey of 655 women in New Zealand on family planning practices, it was found that 61% were using a contraceptive. The method most used was sterilization (28%); 44% of those using contraceptives had side effects; and 14% experienced contraceptive failure resulting in pregnancy. Dissatisfaction was highest with the pill (24%) and the IUD (23%), while only 3% were dissatisfied a partner's vasectomy. The ages of those surveyed ranged form 18-60 and all were contacted through their physicians. 81% reported pill use in the past but this has dropped to 16%. Side effects such as headaches (21%), depression (17%), irritability (14%), nausea (13%), weight gain (23%), and loss of libido (13%) probably caused this drop in usage, and a 5% pregnancy rate also contributed. Those who used Depo-provera injection had similar effects on a lesser scale but heavy bleeding was common (18%). The IUD had few side effects but heavy bleeding (26%), and pain (19%); also 2.6% needed surgery after IUD insertion. Effects from using other methods such as the diaphragm, sheath, foam or rhythm are not discussed since their use was so small, but pregnancy was high for these methods (16%). In comparing a 1976 study with this one, pill usage changed from 23.1%-15.9%, IUD 2.6%-8.1%, injection 0-3.1%, tubal ligation 6.5%-12.1%, vasectomy 5.1%-15.4%, condom 4.9%-3.1%, rhythm .8-1.4%, other 4.9%-1.6%, which shows that vasectomy has become the most common method of contraception.
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PMID:Contraceptive use and experience amongst a sample of women attending their GP. 1228 68

Since the last in a series of childbirth education classes discusses contraception, educators must know about various family planning methods. Oral contraceptives (OCs) comprise combined OCs, phasic OCs, and minipills. Combined OCs inhibit secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which in turn keeps the follicle-stimulating hormone from inducing the ovarian follicle to grow and keeps luteinizing hormones from activating ovulation. They also thicken cervical mucus. Minipills also thicken cervical mucus and render the endometrium unreceptive to fertilized egg implantation. They do not always inhibit ovulation, however. OCs can induce side effects, such as nausea, hypertension, increased risk of atherosclerosis, and fatigue. The IUD prevents pregnancy either by inhibiting implantation of a fertilized egg or by an inflammatory reaction of the endometrium resulting in a release of macrophages which may destroy sperm. The no-longer-produced Dalkon Shield IUD increased the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease and damaged the reputation of other IUDs. Rare IUD complications are uterine perforation, salpingitis, tubal scarring, pelvic inflammatory disease, and infertility. Diaphragms, cervical film, and condoms serve as barriers between the egg and sperm. The main problem with barrier methods is the increased risk of developing toxic shock syndrome. Spermicide increase the effectiveness of diaphragms, cervical caps, and condoms. Vasectomy keeps sperm from arriving at storage sites. Shortterm side effects are swelling, discomfort, and occasional rejoining of the cut ends of the vas. Research hints at a link between vasectomy and prostate cancer. Some complications of tubal ligation are urinary tract infections, accidental electrical burns, and pelvic infections. Natural family planning methods include withdrawal, the rhythm method, and the sypto-thermal method. Controversial injectable contraceptives are Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate) and Noristerate (norethisterone enanthate).
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PMID:Birth control update for childbirth educators. 1234 29

This report outlines measures for controlling nausea, vomiting, and anorexia caused by anticancer agents. Combination therapy with a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) receptor antagonist and a steroid preparation is effective for controlling acute vomiting. In the chronic stage, however, the response to 5-HT3 receptor antagonists is less marked, so a steroid preparation is used as the major treatment in combination with a 5-HT3-receptor antagonist or metoclopramide. The antiemetic effect of recently developed tachykinin NK-1 (NK-1)-receptor antagonists has been shown to be additive to that of existing treatments for acute and chronic symptoms, especially chronic nausea/vomiting. Steroid preparations have been shown to improve anorexia, while medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA: a synthetic progesterone) has been reported to improve anorexia and promote weight gain.
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PMID:[Management of nausea, vomiting and anorexia due to anticancer agents]. 1285 41

Systemic syndromes characterized by a persistent activity of circulating mediators (cytokines) are frequently present with advanced cancer. We grouped under the general heading of "Systemic Immune-Metabolic Syndrome (SIMS)" a particular variety of distressing systemic syndrome characterized by dysregulation of the psycho-neuro-immune-endocrine homeostasis, with overlapping clinical manifestations. SIMS may include cachexia, anorexia, nausea, early satiety, fatigue, tumor fever, cognitive changes and superinfection. The aim of this study was to ameliorate some of the SIMS symptoms in a homogeneous group of lung adenocarcinoma patients using a multitargeted therapy. Fifteen patients with evidence of SIMS were studied. SIMS was defined as the presence of weight loss, anorexia, fatigue performance status>/=2 and acute-phase protein response. Patients received medroxyprogesterone (MPA) (500 mg twice daily), celecoxib (200 mg twice daily), plus oral food supplementation for 6 weeks. After treatment, 13 patients either had stable weight (+/- 1%) or had gained weight. There were significant differences in improvement of body-weight-change rate, nausea, early satiety, fatigue, appetite and performance status. Patients who had any kind of lung infection showed higher levels of IL-10 compared to non-infected patients (P=0.039). Our results suggest that patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma, treated with MPA, celecoxib and dietary intervention, might have considerable improvement in certain SIMS outcomes. This multitargeted symptomatic approach deserves further study.
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PMID:Effects of celecoxib, medroxyprogesterone, and dietary intervention on systemic syndromes in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma: a pilot study. 1533 28

The prolonged use of CNI has been associated with nephrotoxicity. MMF is a new immunosuppressive agent. In the present study, the consequences of introducing MMF and reduction of CNI in liver-transplant children were analysed. The present study included eight pediatric liver-transplant patients who had transplantation at least 5 yr previously, had stable graft function and had renal dysfunction as a probable side-effect of CNI therapy. CNI was replaced with MMF in all patients and serum creatinine, uric acid concentration, azotemia and creatinine clearance before and 6 months after study entry were measured. The patients were monitored closely for side-effects of MMF as well as graft function. Six months after study entry serum creatinine, uric acid concentration, azotemia and creatinine clearance improved in all the patients at the last follow-up. The aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase concentrations were stable during the study period and did not observe any serum bilirubin increased as well. No side-effects were reported in patients on MMF. Only one patient reported temporary pruritus and nausea. The results indicate that renal dysfunction significantly improved when MMF therapy is started and CNI reduced. Furthermore present data suggest that the risk of acute allograft rejection is very low when the CNI desired reduction is achieved in not too short time and absolutely when the MPA levels are strictly monitored.
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PMID:Mycophenolate mofetil in pediatric liver transplant patients with renal dysfunction: preliminary data. 1487 Aug 93


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