Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Encainide is classified as a type Ic antiarrhythmic agent. Absorption is essentially complete, but bioavailability is variable because of first-pass metabolism. Two metabolic phenotypes, extensive and poor metabolizers, have been identified. O-demethyl encainide and 3-methoxy-O-demethyl encainide are active metabolites of encainide and contribute significantly to its antiarrhythmic effect. In clinical trials, encainide has been shown to be highly effective in suppressing premature ventricular contractions and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The drug is useful in treating ventricular arrhythmias refractory to other agents. Encainide is also moderately effective in supraventricular arrhythmias involving an accessory pathway. It is highly effective in cases of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, where the accessory pathway has a short refractory period. Common adverse effects of encainide are dizziness, visual disturbances, nausea, and headache. Encainide appears to be a safe and effective antiarrhythmic agent with few adverse effects and negligible hemodynamic effects. Encainide may be a useful agent for ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, particularly those refractory to other agents.
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PMID:Encainide: a new antiarrhythmic agent. 308 Mar 1

Encainide is a class IC antiarrhythmic agent that has been under clinical investigation for the last decade. Laboratory and clinical studies have demonstrated it to be a potent suppressor of ventricular extrasystoles. It is effective in approximately one-half of patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The preliminary experience in patients with supraventricular arrhythmias indicates that the drug is particularly effective in arrhythmias associated with an accessory pathway. Side effects most commonly include blurred vision, nausea, heart block, and proarrhythmic effects. The hemodynamic effect of oral encainide are insignificant in patients with well-preserved left ventricular function. Despite minimal myocardial depression in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, there is the potential for worsening of heart failure. Encainide has a short half-life of 3 hours, but has 2 active metabolites with longer half-lives. No clinically significant drug interaction has been demonstrated with encainide therapy.
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PMID:Encainide: its electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic effects, pharmacokinetics, and safety. 312 82

The safety issues relevant to treatment with encainide in patients with supraventricular arrhythmia were reviewed based on 349 patients enrolled in clinical trials in the United States and Europe. Although 20% of patients had a history of congestive heart failure, cardiomegaly, or cardiomyopathy at entry, there was no case of new or worsened heart failure. There were 5 cases (1.4%) of proarrhythmia in adults, reflecting a worsening of the arrhythmia being treated or of a coexisting ventricular arrhythmia. The profile of drug-related adverse effects was comparable to that previously reported, causing discontinuance in 6% of patients. The effects most often seen were dizziness, visual disturbance, headache, nausea and vertigo. Only 1 patient had clinically significant abnormal laboratory values, possibly reflecting hepatocellular injury in conjunction with viral hepatitis. Most responders received a daily dose of 75 to 200 mg/day, generally given in 3 divided doses. Encainide has a very favorable safety profile for use in the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias.
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PMID:Safety considerations and dosing guidelines for encainide in supraventricular arrhythmias. 314 70