Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Daily increasing intravenous doses of Corynebacterium parvum (C.p.) up to 5 mg/m2 i.v. X 10-14 days were given to 6 patients with widespread metastatic neoplastic diseases resistant to radio- and chemotherapy. The immunotherapy treatment-cycles were evaluated for toxic and immunologic side effects and also for possible clinical benefit to the patients. Immunotherapy with i.v.-C.p. was moderately well tolerated. Subjective discomfort for the patients (headache, chills, nausea) was not better tolerated with ongoing treatment-doses. After the 3rd day the body temperature rose nearly regularly to 40 degrees and more within 3-4 h after i.v.-C.p. and returned to normal levels about 6-10 h after the infusion was stopped. Hematological values were monitored on day 1, 4, 8, 15. WBC counts rose after an initial moderate decrease to normal levels. Monocyte counts rose also after an initial transient fall to pre-treatment levels. The monocytic activity index of Naphthol-AS-D-Chloro-Acetate-Esterase, correlating with the monocyte turnover, did not show a significant change. Granulocyte counts, especially stabs, increased slightly. Lymphocyte counts, the number and relations of B, T and O-cells, did not change in a uniform typical way. Hemoglobin values fell in all patients, reticulocyte counts increased, and the blood sedimentation rate did not change.
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PMID:Toxic and immunologic side effects of daily C. parvum-infusion in treatment-resistant cancer patients. 60 46

Portuguese man-of-war and jellyfish stings are common occurrence in the coastal waters of the southern United States. Signs and symptoms of Portuguese man-of-war envenomation usually appear immediately following a sting but may be delayed for several hours. Reactions are commonly localized and comprise pain, paresthesia, and intense burning with a linear, red, papular eruption or urticaria at the contact site. Systemic signs may include nausea, myalgia, headache, chills, or pallor. Cardiovascular collapse and death have been reported. Venom can be inactivated with dilute acetic acid (vinegar), proteolytic meat tenderizer, or baking soda. Tentacle debris should be removed. Resolution of symptoms usually occurs within 72 hours, without sequelae.
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PMID:Portuguese man-of-war envenomation. 135 Dec 83

The metabolism of serotonin was studied in cancer patients of their first day of their first course of chemotherapeutic drugs either with strongly or moderately emetogenic regimens. It was observed that strongly emetogenic treatments induce greater increases in serotonin release than moderately emetogenic regimens. High-dose cisplatinum (75 +/- 5 or 83.8 +/- 5 mg m-2) produced a marked increase in the plasma levels and in the urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA). Neither platelet nor plasma (platelet-free plasma) serotonin were significantly modified by high-dose cisplatinum. Dacarbazine (283 +/- 22 mg m-2), another strongly emetogenic agent, induced acute nausea and emesis paralleled by marked increases in the urinary excretion of 5-HIAA. Both for high-dose cisplatinum and dacarbazine, the increases in serotonin metabolism occurred with a similar time-course than those of vomiting, and lasted for a period of 4 to 8 h. Low-dose cisplatinum (30.8 +/- 3 mg m-2) as well as cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapies (520 +/- 30 mg m-2) produced very small increases in the urinary excretion of 5-HIAA. Platelet and plasma serotonin levels failed to increase in cyclophosphamide-treated patients. Octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analog, did not inhibit the increase in urinary 5-HIAA and the nausea and vomiting produced by high-dose cisplatinum. These results suggest that for treatments that induce marked increases in serotonin release such as high-dose cisplatinum or dacarbazine: (a) the amount and time course of serotonin release induced by chemotherapeutic drugs determines the severity, time of onset and pattern of emesis observed; (b) platelet serotonin play no role in chemotherapy-induced emesis; (c) strongly emetogenic regimens release serotonin from enterochromaffin cells; and (d) intestinal release of serotonin is the consequence of the damage induced by the chemotherapeutic drugs on the gut mucosa.
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PMID:Changes in serotonin metabolism in cancer patients: its relationship to nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. 137 60

This phase I study investigated flavone acetic acid (FAA) given as a 12-h intravenous infusion every 3 weeks in the absence of urinary alkalinisation. Cohorts of three patients were treated at doses of 7, 10 and 13 g/m2. One subject had colon cancer; 5, renal cancer; and 3, lung cancer. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was 0 in four patients, 1 in two subjects and 2 in three cases. The maximum tolerated dose was 13 g/m2. The dose-limiting toxicities were WHO grade 3 hypotension and grade 3 diarrhoea. Other toxicities included lethargy and dizziness, nausea, temperature fluctuation, myalgia and dry mouth, but no significant myelosuppression was encountered. One patient receiving 10 g/m2 for renal cancer showed a partial response that lasted for 3 months and included the resolution of pulmonary and cutaneous metastases. The pharmacokinetics showed large interpatient variability. At 12-16 h post-infusion, the plasma elimination profile entered a plateau phase, with frequent increases in concentration suggesting enterohepatic recycling. Neither peak FAA levels nor AUC values were dose-dependent at the doses studied. Peak plasma levels were 101-402 micrograms/ml and AUC (0-48 h) values were 75-470 mg ml-1 min. Plasma protein binding varied with total concentration. Two metabolites were detected in the plasma, and both also underwent apparent enterohepatic recycling. Repeat dosing resulted in decreases of up to 48% in peak levels and AUC values for FAA in three of six patients. Of the total FAA dose, 39%-77% was excreted in the urine as FAA or metabolites within 2 days. The dose recommended for further phase II studies is 10 g/m2.
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PMID:A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of 12-h infusion of flavone acetic acid. 155 Nov 73

Possible local and systemic adverse effects following administration of salmon (sCT) and human (hCT) calcitonin (CT) have been evaluated in a double-blind, within-subject, comparative trial in 30 young, healthy volunteers. Each subject received 0.25 and 0.5 mg hCT and 100 IU sCT s.c.. Adverse effects and hypocalcaemia were recorded 1, 3 and 6 h after each injection. Significantly fewer local adverse reactions were observed after hCT (20 or 33%) than after sCT (80%), possibly due to the different vehicles employed (mannitol solution and acetic acid). The most frequent systemic adverse effects were gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting), which occurred in 80% after 1 h, independently of the CT--preparation used. Hypocalcaemic changes were generally small and lasted longer after sCT. It is concluded that the hCT preparations were better tolerated locally than sCT in young, healthy volunteers, and that there were no differences in the systemic side effects or hypocalcaemic activity.
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PMID:Superior local tolerability of human versus salmon calcitonin preparations in young healthy volunteers. 174 38

To evaluate the anticancer agent flavone acetic acid (FAA), we conducted a Phase I trial involving 17 pediatric patients with various malignant solid tumors. Dosages investigated included 5,120 and 6,144 mg/m2 given as 3-hour intravenous infusions; and 10,000, 12,500, 15,000, and 17,500 mg/m2 delivered in a 24-hour constant infusion with alkalinization. Grade 2 or worse toxicity was minimal, with 2 patients having nausea/vomiting, 2 having diarrhea, 1 becoming hypertensive, 1 becoming hypotensive, and 2 having myalgia. Three patients who received a 17,500 mg/m2 dose had no toxicity. Disease was stabilized for a brief period in 2 patients--1 with brain stem glioma and 1 with astrocytoma. The FAA pharmacokinetics varied with an average (SD) terminal half-life of 27.9 hr (18.7), clearance of 2.04 L/hr/m2 (0.37), and steady-state volume of 19.9 L/m2 (10.6). This study was discontinued because FAA caused no significant toxicity or therapeutic responses at doses 2.5 gm/m2 greater than had been tolerated by adults.
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PMID:Phase I study of flavone acetic acid (NSC 347512, LM975) in patients with pediatric malignant solid tumors. 195 36

Effects of acetate and bicarbonate dialysates on tolerance to dialysis have been examined in 30 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Symptomatic homeostatic impairment (nausea, vomiting, headache) and cardiovascular instability (tachycardia, arrhythmia, dyspnea) were less common (p less than 0.05) in bicarbonate dialysis. The cardiovascular symptoms correlated with antihypertensive effects of acetate (p = +0.48). Tolerance to ultrafiltration was better with bicarbonate dialysis. Gas chromatographic measurement of blood acetate concentrations in 7 patients on bicarbonate dialysis showed them to be 1.4 +/- 0.31 mmol/l at the beginning of dialysis treatment and 1.7 +/- 0.24 mmol/l at its end (normal, 1.7 +/- 0.14 mmol/l). Of 26 patients on acetate dialysis, 9 patients showed initial and late acetate concentrations of 1.7 +/- 0.26 and 2.5 +/- 0.23 mmol/l, respectively, while in 17 patients an initial concentration of 4.8 +/- 0.32 mmol/l rose to 9.0 +/- 1.1 mmol/l at the end of the treatment (p less than less than 0.01). Dialysis-induced complications had a higher incidence in the latter group (p less than 0.02). Acetate dialysis was poorly tolerated by 65% of the patients. The intolerance was aggravated by myocardial lesions and slow acetate turnover indicated by blood acetate concentrations above 7-8 mmol/l.
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PMID:[The effect of acetate and bicarbonate on the tolerance for hemodialysis therapy in chronic kidney failure]. 208 65

Phase II trials of flavone acetic acid have been performed in a total of 87 patients including 17 with advanced breast cancer, 23 with advanced colorectal cancer, 25 with advanced malignant melanoma and 22 with advanced head and neck cancer. Patients with colorectal cancer and melanoma had received no prior chemotherapy; in breast and head and neck cancer patients prior chemotherapy had been given with a median of 5 and 2 drugs respectively. The schedule used was a once-weekly regime, with a dose of 4.8 gms/m2 given as a 1 hour infusion, together with alkalinization (with i.v. sodium bicarbonate) given before and after FAA. Reassessment was performed after 6 weekly doses, although in 23 patients fewer than 6 doses were given, because of early disease progression in 15, and undue toxicity in 5. An additional 3 patients died within 72 hours of having received FAA and, although the precise cause of death in each case was not established, FAA toxicity could not be excluded. Treatment was generally manageable, the major manifestations of toxicity comprising uncomfortable warmth and flushes, nausea, diarrhoea, and visual complaints. Hypotension was also documented in 8 patients. No objective responses were seen in any of the patient sub-groups, although disease-stabilization was seen in 3 patients with breast cancer, 1 patient with advanced colorectal cancer, 2 patients with advanced melanoma and 4 patients with head and neck cancer. Further Phase II studies, using a higher dose of 8.6 gm/m2 over 6 hours once weekly, are currently in progress in Europe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Phase II trials with flavone acetic acid (NCS. 347512, LM975) in patients with advanced carcinoma of the breast, colon, head and neck and melanoma. 238 21

A 61-year-old male presented with recurrent malignant histiocytosis of the brain manifesting as nausea and headache. Malignant histiocytosis is a disorder of proliferating histiocytes characterized by a rapidly progressive and fatal course, but central nervous system involvement is relatively rare. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination of histiocytes as a low-intensity area on the T1-weighted image with marked gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid enhancement and a high-intensity area on the T2-weighted image. CSF cytological examination revealed an increased level of atypical histiocytes. Brain and spine irradiation, and intrathecal methotrexate and prednisolone administration induced remission. MR imaging is particularly useful for the diagnosis of meningeal dissemination of malignant histiocytosis.
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PMID:Recurrent malignant histiocytosis with cerebrospinal involvement--case report. 752 May 47

A newly recognized protozoan human parasite, Cyclospora has been incriminated as the cause of prolonged diarrhea. Five patients had episodes of diarrhea accompanied by nausea, weight loss, and/or low-grade fever for 10-45 days. Multiple fecal samples fixed in sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin contained spherical organisms measuring 8-10 microns in diameter; a modified concentration technique was used to detect them. The sediment was examined by direct microscopy and autofluorescence, and the identification was confirmed by acid-fast stain. All patients had visited either Mexico or Thailand. The presence of Cyclospora organisms in these patients shows that these can be etiologic agents of traveler's diarrhea in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Fecal specimens from patients with unexplained diarrhea should be routinely examined for their presence.
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PMID:Recovery of Cyclospora organisms from patients with prolonged diarrhea. 803 17


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