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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a clinical trial carried out in 34 pregnancy women Enzaprost F 4 (prostaglandin F2-alpha) was administered into the uterus to cause uterine contractions in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. The indications for the treatment were: 1. membrane rupture in 20 cases between the 21st and 26th weeks of pregnancy; 2. fetal death in 12 cases between the 24th and 34th weeks of pregnancy, and 3. induced abortion for medical reasons in 2 cases of primiparae in the 2nd trimester. Enzaprost was administered in physiological salt solution in doses of 2-5 mg with a total dose of 9-22 mg (average 18.5 mg). Contractions appeared within 15-30 minutes in groups 1 and within 20-30 minutes in groups 2 and 3. Abortions in the three different groups began 10.2, 11.5, and 6.0 hours after administration in primiparae and 7.3 and 8.2 hours, respectively, after treatment in groups 1 and 2 in women other than primiparae. Oxytocin had to be administered additionally in 3 cases in groups 1 and 2. The method proved to be safe and effective, side effects occurred in 6 cases (17.6%) consisting of cardiac pain, nausea, tachycardia, and increased systolic pressure.
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PMID:[Induction of uterine contractions using Enzaprost F administered into the uterine cavity]. 346 46

A 17-year-old female weighing 37 kg and 140 cm in height was referred to our hospital for evaluation of dwarfism and primary amenorrhea. She was delivered with 3350 g in weight and 50 cm in height after a ten month pregnancy without complications. No abnormal findings were revealed in physical appearance except critomegaly. Episodes of nausea, vomiting and dehydration were rare throughout her childhood, but she had a tendency to salt craving. At the age of 14, her height was 140 cm. On admission, her physical development was markedly retarded for her age, except external genitalia. Diffuse pigmentations on the trunk and extremities were observed. Her blood pressure was normal (112/62 mm Hg). Serum potassium concentration was 2.9 mEq/L. Arterial-blood gas analysis revealed metabolic alkalosis. Both of renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone concentration (PAC) in plasma at rest were markedly elevated to 15.5 ng/ml/h and 107.1 ng/dl, respectively. The plasma concentrations of pregnenolone (1449 ng/dl), progesterone (178 ng/dl), 17-OH-pregnenolone (1613 ng/dl), 17-OH-progesterone (180 ng/dl), dehydroepiandrosterone (3706 ng/dl), androstendione (824.6 ng/dl) and testosterone (900 ng/dl) were high, whereas deoxycorticosterone (15.7 ng/dl), corticosterone (0.65 microgram/dl) and cortisol (6.8 micrograms/dl) were within normal limits. Urinary 17-KS excretion showed high levels between 65.7 and 109.4 mg/day, while urinary 17-OHCS excretion was normal (5.7-7.0 mg/day). Vascular response to angiotensin II (A-II) was attenuated. Distal fractional chloride reabsorption was decreased (CH2O/CH2O+CCl = 0.62, normal: 0.92 +/- 0.04). Moderate hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular cells was demonstrated in biopsy specimen of the kidney. Cytogenetic studies showed a 46, XX chromosome constitution with translocation of the long arm of chromosome 6 to the short arm of chromosome 9. Her mother as well as younger brother and sister, whose electrolytes and arterial-blood gas analysis showed normal values, had chromosomes with the same translocation. Treatment with dexamethasone (2 mg/day) reduced every adrenal steroids to normal range, but PRA and PAC remained high levels. Furthermore, neither hypokalemic alkalosis nor vasoreactivity to exogenous A-II was improved. Indomethacin (75 mg/day) decreased urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 from a high level of 738.4 ng/day to 433.4 ng/day and normalized metabolic alkalosis. Vascular response to A-II was moderately improved. However, serum potassium remained low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of 21-hydroxylase deficiency and Bartter's syndrome associated with a balanced 6-9 translocation]. 349 Oct 9

In a double-blind randomized study, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AM-CL) was compared with cefaclor for the treatment of acute urinary tract infections in 107 college women. A total of 53 patients received amoxicillin (250 mg) and clavulanic acid as the potassium salt (125 mg), and 54 received cefaclor (250 mg); each drug was administered every 8 h for 10 days. The cure rates at 1 and 4 weeks after treatment were 96 and 78%, respectively, in the AM-CL group and 92 and 75%, respectively, in the cefaclor group (P greater than 0.10). After AM-CL treatment, the prevalence of amoxicillin-resistant Escherichia coli significantly increased in the rectal flora. Also, the frequency of bacterial resistance to amoxicillin, AM-CL, and cefaclor increased among the urinary pathogens causing subsequent urinary tract infections (P less than 0.05). There were no adverse reactions in the cefaclor group; however, six patients in the AM-CL group (12%) experienced diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting (P less than 0.05). Elevated transaminase enzyme levels were observed in 23% of the patients in the AM-CL group and in 6% of the patients in the cefaclor group (P less than 0.05). Symptomatic Candida vaginitis developed in 16 and 13% of the patients in the AM-CL and cefaclor groups, respectively (P greater than 0.10).
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PMID:Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid versus cefaclor in the treatment of urinary tract infections and their effects on the urogenital and rectal flora. 352 18

It has been reported that the first-dose response to prazosin is more common in patients who are salt-depleted or already receiving beta blockers. The relationship between the first-dose blood pressure and plasma renin responses to oral administration of 1 mg prazosin in 13 (seven male, six female) patients with essential hypertension (average blood pressure = 150/100 +/- 5/2 mm Hg) was studied. Eight of 13 patients experienced marked orthostatic decreases in blood pressure associated with nausea and dizziness. The degree of the orthostatic depressor response was inversely correlated with the baseline plasma renin activity (p less than 0.005). This unique sensitivity of low-renin essential hypertension to prazosin may reflect an underlying increased alpha tone and/or an attendant blunted renin reactivity in this form of human essential hypertension.
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PMID:Relationship of blood pressure response and the renin-angiotensin system to first-dose prazosin. 388 42

Unexpected differences in clinical and biochemical findings in two brothers occupationally exposed to the same source of lead for dissimilar lengths of time are presented. Only the brother with the shorter period of lead exposure was anemic and afflicted by nausea, vomiting, abdominal colic and arthralgia. His urinary PBG output yielded the high orders of magnitude found in acute intermittent porphyria in relapse. Prior to administration of a single dose of EDTA (1 g of the calcium disodium salt given intravenously in 325 mL 0.15 mol/L NaCl), his blood lead levels averaged 3.6 mumol/L. The amount of chelatable lead retrieved from his urine, 31 mumol/day, was more than twice that found in his asymptomatic counterpart who was exposed to lead for 13 months and whose pre-EDTA blood lead levels averaged 4.0 mumol/L. Not only the activity of delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase, but also that of uroporphyrinogen I synthetase, was markedly inhibited by lead in red cells of both brothers. These activities were restored to normal levels in vitro by addition to the assay system of zinc and dithiothreitol. This ruled out a coexisting genetic deficiency of either enzyme. The anemia of the symptomatic brother with the shorter period of lead exposure was alleviated by folic acid, 15 mg/day. The differences in findings between the two brothers point to differential susceptibility to lead and illustrate the extent to which symptomatic lead poisoning may mimic biochemical and clinical features of the acute porphyrias.
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PMID:Occupational lead exposure: studies in two brothers showing differential susceptibility to lead. 401 20

Budd Chiari Syndrome, characterized by massive ascites, hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, and tenderness, nausea, and vomiting, is caused by obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow. Of the known causes of polycythemia rubra vera, hypernephroma, and other tumors invading the inferior vena cava have been most often reported, while pregnancy and oral contraceptives (OCs) have also been held as causes. In this paper the case is presented of a young woman, previously on OCs for 4 months, who developed the syndrome 2 weeks after delivery; she was also found to have multiple hepatic adenomas on laparotomy. The longterm use of OCs has been estimated to be associated with an annual incidence of liver cell adenoma of 3-4/100,000. Evidence suggests that the estrogen components, rather than the progesterone, of OCs seem more likely to cause liver cell adenoma since estrogens are carcinogenic in other organs and promote liver cell regeneration in rats. By interference with the metabolism of oncogenic bile salt derivatives, estrogen may exert its oncogenic effect. The patient is this case was told never to use OCs again since there is also evidence that the tumor may regress on stopping OCs, and she was advised against further pregnancies.
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PMID:Budd-Chiari syndrome and hepatic adenomas associated with oral contraceptives. A case report. 627 27

The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a complex of symptoms that usually occurs seven to ten days before menses in large numbers of women. These symptoms typically cease during the 24 hours after the onset of menses. PMS affects many areas of the body, with each afflicted woman having her personal set of symptoms. Frequently encountered signs and symptoms include breast tenderness and swelling, weight gain, headache, abdominal cramping and bloating, food cravings, thirst, nausea, joint pain, acne, dizziness, hyperalgesia and one or more psychologic symptoms: irritability, lethargy and fatigue, depression, anxiety, hostility and aggression. Theories relating PMS to hormonal imbalance, vitamin deficiency or psychosomatic aberration have failed to explain this condition fully. Treatments using hormones, vitamins, oral contraceptives or diuretics have failed to relieve all the symptoms of PMS. The prostaglandin (PG) theory proposes that these nearly ubiquitous substances, produced in pathophysiologic amounts in brain, breast, gastrointestinal tract, kidney and reproductive tract, can trigger many of the PMS symptoms. If that is true, then a PG inhibitor could counteract excessive PG production and successfully control those PMS symptoms related to prostaglandin excess or imbalance. Therapy based upon this theory can proceed to the use of PG inhibitors in conservative steps. First, permanent deletion of xanthine-containing beverages (coffee, tea, cola and chocolate) from the diet can reduce nervousness, irritability and breast tenderness. Luteal phase salt restriction, with a mild diuretic used if necessary the last week before menses, adds to this effect. For the 20-25% of women who need more help, either a PG inhibitor or natural progesterone (to oppose the action of PGs), given when PMS begins, brings relief. In women with depressive PMS complaints, small daily doses of an antidepressant may prove helpful.
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PMID:The use of prostaglandin inhibitors for the premenstrual syndrome. 635 May 80

Pilocarpine, a parasympathomimetic drug used in the treatment of glaucoma, produces a variety of ocular and systemic adverse reactions. Ocular side effects include miosis, accommodative spasm, frontal headaches, twitching lids, conjunctival injection, cataractous changes, allergic reactions, iris cysts, retinal detachment, increased permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier, anterior chamber narrowing, and the potential for inducing an acute angle-closure attack. Systemic side effects include nausea, vomiting, tenesmus, abdominal spasm, salivation, lacrimation, sweating, pulmonary edema, and bronchial spasm. The systemic side effects can best be minimized initially through proper use of the medication and nasolacrimal occlusion. The Ocusert, a long-acting pilocarpine-incorporated ocular insert, is a recent advance in delivery technique that offers an adequate hypotensive action with fewer side effects. Pilopex is a promising new experimental pilocarpine polymer salt presently being studied in Israel. Photomydriasis, a process involving the use of a laser to enlarge miotic pupils also offers help for these patients. N-demethylated carbachol is a new parasympathomimetic drug currently under study for glaucoma therapy. Initial results show that it may have considerable ocular hypotensive action with fewer adverse effects.
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PMID:Miotics: side effects and ways to avoid them. 707 Jul 79

This paper reviews both minor and major adverse reactions caused by estrogenic substances (natural and synthetic, steroidal and nonsteroidal) of which diethylstilbestrol is the prototype of nonsteroidal synthetic estrogen. Minor side effects include nausea, breast tenderness, and excessive cervical secretions (most common), headache, and water and salt retention (less common and often eradicated by lowering estrogen dosage). Vertigo, yeast infections, depression, and photosensitivity are other minor effects. Major side effects are discussed in some detail. Major effects include those on the endocrine system (e.g., feminization in boys and men and precocious puberty in girls); breast tumors; endometrial carcinoma; ovarian tumors; hypertension; thromboembolism; blood clotting excesses; various metabolic effects (including lipid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism alterations); liver changes (bile alterations and neoplasms); porphyria; melanoma; and effects on a fetus in situ during maternal estrogen administration. In general, lowering doses of estrogen should help eradicate or alleviate most of these effects.
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PMID:Clinical toxicology of estrogens. 741 28

A study was carried out to investigate the analgesic effect of an injectable salt of indomethacin - methylglucamine indomethacinate - in patients with acute ureteral and biliary pain. Out of 106 consecutive patients treated by the intramuscular (average dose 72.6 mg) or intravenous (average dose 36.1 mg) route, 76 (71.6%) had complete relief of pain and 4 were remarkably improved. In 68.8% of the cases, complete relief was reached within 1 hour from the start of treatment. No important side-effects were observed. Headache, nausea and drowsiness were reported in a few cases.
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PMID:Treatment of ureteral and biliary pain with an injectable salt of indomethacin. 743 77


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