Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some patients have vertigo that is more or less constant, associated with varying degrees of nausea, and only relieved by bedrest. This disorder, named disabling positional vertigo (DPV), was found to be caused by a blood vessel or vessels compressing the eighth cranial nerve in its intracranial portion, and it can be relieved by microvascular decompression (MVD) of the nerve. Important in the differential diagnosis of DPV are a detailed history, the results of audiometry (10 to 15 dB interaural threshold difference or a small mid-frequency notch), acoustic middle ear reflex response testing (may be abnormal), and recordings of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP). BAEP in such cases show increased conduction time in the auditory nerve and/or prolonged latency of wave V recorded from the contralateral ear, possibly the result of brainstem compression. Abnormalities on vestibular testing often do not reflect the severity of the illness. Forty-one patients who underwent MVD to treat DPV in one year at the author's institution have been followed for 4.5 to 5.5 years. By self-evaluation, 20 had excellent and 10 good results of the operation. The success of this procedure is even higher today, since it was found that very small blood vessels, including veins, can cause DPV; thus all vessels touching the nerve are now managed. Complications of MVD are rare. The most frequent, hearing loss, occurred in only one patient in this series.
Keio J Med 1991 Sep
PMID:Vascular compression of the eighth cranial nerve as a cause of vertigo. 175 57

The effect of physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, on the loss of consciousness induced by three different intravenous induction anesthetics, namely midazolam, etomidate and althesin at ED50, was studied in three comparable groups of patients. Ten min before induction, the first and second groups received physostigmine 8 micrograms/kg and 16 micrograms/kg, respectively, and the third group received 2 ml of saline solution. Physostigmine 16 micrograms/kg resulted in a significant decrease in the percentage of unconscious patients with midazolam (from 50% to 10%), but it did not modify the incidence with etomidate or althesin. Physostigmine at doses of 8 micrograms/kg and 16 micrograms/kg could cause 6.7% and 10% nausea, respectively. Although the mechanism of the drug interaction of physostigmine and midazolam is unclear, physostigmine could be used clinically to reverse post-anesthetic somnolence induced by midazolam.
Ma Zui Xue Za Zhi 1991 Sep
PMID:Effect of physostigmine on the loss of consciousness induced by midazolam, etomidate and althesin. 175 60

Forty-two surgical patients were given epidural tramadol for control of postoperative pain. They were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 (n = 15), in which 25 mg of tramadol were given; group 2 (n = 13), in which 50 mg of tramadol were given; and group 3 (n = 14), in which 75 mg of tramadol were given. When the patients complained of wound pain, epidural tramadol was given. Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2), sedation scale, motor blockade, verbal rating scale, subjective grading, and visual analogue pain scale (VAPS) were measured and recorded before the tramadol administration, at 5 and 15 min, and at 1, 2, 4, and 8 h after the tramadol administration. Only 26.6% of the patients in group 1 had significant relief of pain. The rest of them needed at least one incremental dose of 25 mg of tramadol. The baseline VAPS of the patients in group 2 was 8.9 +/- 2.0. It became 5.46 +/- 3.0 (p greater than 0.05) 15 min after tramadol was given, and dropped further to 1.9 +/- 1.8 (p greater than 0.05) 2 h later. The average duration of pain relief was 12.0 +/- 5.9 h. In group 3, the initial VAPS was 8.14 +/- 1.9. It decreased to 4.28 +/- 1.8 (p greater than 0.05) 15 min, and further dropped to 1.7 +/- 0.9 (p greater than 0.05) 2 h following tramadol administration. The average duration of pain relief was 11.3 +/- 4.8 h. The common side effects of tramadol such as dizziness, nausea, and dry mouth, were most frequently found in group 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ma Zui Xue Za Zhi 1991 Sep
PMID:Epidural tramadol for postoperative pain relief. 175 61

Fifty-four patients with advanced malignancies were treated on this phase I trial of coumarin and cimetidine. The dose of coumarin was escalated, with three patients treated at each dose level, while the cimetidine dose was held constant at 300 mg four times daily. Patients received coumarin alone as a single daily oral dose for 14 days; on day 15, cimetidine was added and both drugs were continued until progression of disease. This trial was initiated with patients receiving coumarin at 400 mg daily and closed at 7 g daily with four of five patients on this dose experiencing nausea and vomiting. Treatment was generally well tolerated over a wide range of coumarin doses. Symptomatic side effects were few, mild, and usually self limited. Side effects included insomnia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness. Two patients withdrew from therapy because of daily nausea and vomiting. Typically, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness occurred 2.5-3 hours after a dose of coumarin. In most patients, these side effects abated spontaneously with continuation of therapy. There was no significant hematologic or renal toxicity. Hepatotoxicity occurred in only one patient and was manifested by asymptomatic abnormal elevations of serum hepatic transaminases. This toxicity was reversible upon interruption of therapy. Objective tumor regressions were observed in six patients with renal cell carcinoma. Responses occurred at coumarin doses ranging from 600 mg to 5 g daily. Coumarin is a relatively nontoxic, oral, outpatient therapy that warrants further investigations for the treatment of human malignancies. Because of its low toxicity, there is potential for combining coumarin with chemotherapeutic and/or biological agents in an attempt to improve on efficacy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mol Biother 1991 Sep
PMID:Phase I evaluation of coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) and cimetidine in patients with advanced malignancies. 176 68

The activity of cisplatin and a 120-hour continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was evaluated in 25 patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cisplatin 100 mg/m2 and 5-FU 1000 mg/m2/day by continuous infusion for 120 hours were given via an implanted venous access device and ambulatory infusion pump. Eighteen (72%) patients had multiple sites of metastases and seven (28%) patients had only bony metastases. Subjective responses in terms of pain relief and improvement in performance status were seen in 21 (84%) patients. Overall objective response was seen in 19 (76%) patients with two complete remissions (CR) and 17 partial remissions (PR). Locoregional disease responded more completely and rapidly than bony or visceral metastases. Toxicities included nausea, vomiting, neuropathy and one septic death. Cisplatin and 5-FU by continuous infusion represent an effective treatment for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Ann Acad Med Singap 1991 Sep
PMID:Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil continuous infusion for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 178 42

A 14-year-old girl with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome presented with intermittent headache and nausea. Magnetic resonance imaging and a computed tomographic scan of the head revealed a colloid cyst of the third ventricle and mild dilatation of the lateral ventricle. The cyst was successfully removed by stereotaxic surgery. The occurrence of two rare disorders in the same patient could be a coincidence. Other similar patients must be found before it is established that the colloid cyst is part of the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.
Brain Dev 1991 Sep
PMID:Is colloid cyst of the third ventricle a manifestation of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome? 178 64

Postoperative nausea and vomiting are common after recovery from general anesthesia. The antiemetic effect and safety of ondansetron, a selective serotonin type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, was determined in 36 patients suffering from nausea or vomiting during recovery from intravenous anesthesia by giving either a single intravenous dose of ondansetron (8 mg, n = 18) or placebo (n = 18) over 2-5 min in a randomized, double-blind manner. A "rescue" antiemetic was provided in case of continued vomiting or at the patient's request. Antiemetic efficacy was defined as no request for rescue antiemetic and/or no vomiting episode during the next 4 h. There was no significant difference in the demographic data between the groups. Administration of ondansetron or placebo had no significant effect on vital signs. Ondansetron was an effective antiemetic in 78% (14/18) and placebo was effective in 28% (5/18) of the patients. Laboratory studies 24 h later showed no signs of hematologic, hepatic, or renal alterations. Ondansetron at a dose of 8 mg administered intravenously over 2-5 min appears to be a safe and effective antiemetic for the treatment of nausea and/or vomiting after intravenous anesthesia.
Anesth Analg 1991 Sep
PMID:Treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting with ondansetron: a randomized, double-blind comparison with placebo. 153 41

The safety and efficacy of ondansetron were evaluated for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgical procedures. Seventy-one healthy, consenting outpatients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups according to a double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol. A standardized anesthetic technique consisting of alfentanil-thiopental-succinylcholine for induction and alfentanil-nitrous oxide-succinylcholine for maintenance of anesthesia was used. Patients in whom postoperative nausea and/or vomiting developed and persisted for greater than or equal to 10 min received equivolemic intravenous injections of either ondansetron (8 mg) or saline (placebo) over a 2-5 min period. Ondansetron significantly decreased the posttreatment nausea scores (vs placebo) without increasing sedation or producing changes in cardiorespiratory parameters. In the placebo-treated group, 92% of the patients experienced subsequent episodes of vomiting in the postanesthesia care unit compared with 51% of the patients in the ondansetron group. Finally, only 43% of the ondansetron-treated patients required a "rescue" antiemetic compared with 86% in the placebo group. Thus, ondansetron (8 mg IV) was associated with a decreased incidence of nausea and vomiting after outpatient laparoscopic procedures.
Anesth Analg 1991 Sep
PMID:Antiemetic efficacy of ondansetron after outpatient laparoscopy. 153 41

The authors compared the analgesic efficacy of one dose of oral ibuprofen with that of intravenously administered fentanyl for relief of pain after outpatient laparoscopic surgery. Thirty healthy female patients received either 800 mg of oral ibuprofen preoperatively or 75 micrograms of intravenous fentanyl intraoperatively plus respective intravenous or oral placebos in a randomized, double-blind manner. Patients recorded their degree of pain and nausea in the recovery room, in the same-day surgery stepdown unit, during the ride home, and upon arrival at home. The postanesthesia care nurse recorded the amount of fentanyl and droperidol needed to treat pain and nausea in the recovery room. Patients who received ibuprofen were more comfortable in the stepdown unit (P less than 0.05) and after arrival home (P less than 0.05) than those in the fentanyl group. Additionally, patients who received ibuprofen had lower nausea scores in the step-down unit (P less than 0.05); this may have been related to the lower total fentanyl dose in these patients. The authors conclude that ibuprofen may be a useful alternative to fentanyl for providing postoperative analgesia for outpatient surgery.
Anesth Analg 1991 Sep
PMID:Ibuprofen provides longer lasting analgesia than fentanyl after laparoscopic surgery. 183 Oct 17

Ondansetron is a 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonist for the treatment of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and emesis. A sensitive, accurate, and precise HPLC method for the determination of ondansetron in plasma is described. Samples are prepared by solid-phase extraction and, after chromatography of the extracts on a silica analytical column, ondansetron is detected by UV absorbance at 305 nm. The method is sensitive down to 1 ng/mL, at which concentration the coefficient of variation was 6.2% in a single assay run. Repeated analyses of quality control samples, nominally at 2 ng/mL, were carried out over a number of assay runs with a coefficient of variation of 5.5%. The method is specific for ondansetron with respect to endogenous plasma components, identified phase I metabolites, and some co-administered chemotherapeutic drugs. In sustained use over several months, and in support of the clinical development of ondansetron, the method has been shown to be robust. An application of the assay in the investigation of the pharmacokinetics of ondansetron in the young and elderly is described.
J Pharm Sci 1991 Sep
PMID:Determination of ondansetron in plasma and its pharmacokinetics in the young and elderly. 183 13


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