Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Modern treatment plans for early staged Hodgkin's disease must focus on optimal disease-free survival results without laparotomy, minimal acute toxicity, and reduced long-term complications. We have treated 69 adult patients with stage I-II Hodgkin's disease, 40 of whom had bulky disease, B symptoms, or hilar disease, and 22 with stage III disease with 3 cycles of NOVP (Novantrone, vincristine, vinblastine, prednisone) and radiotherapy. Only patients with stage III1 disease involving the celiac axis without para-aortic or pelvic involvement, had to undergo laparotomy prior to treatment. Three patients did not respond to NOVP: two of these did not respond to MOPP or ABDIC, and two are currently without relapse following bone marrow transplant. With a median follow-up of 18 months, 62 with stage I-II and 19 with stage III remain without relapse, and 91 patients are alive. Tolerance to therapy was excellent with minimal nausea, myalgias, and alopecia. We conclude that this regimen for Hodgkin's disease provides good results for clinically staged I-III disease, but longer follow-up may demonstrate prognostic factors which will influence our results.
Ann Oncol 1992 Sep
PMID:NOVP and radiotherapy for early-staged Hodgkin's disease: an interim analysis. 145 86

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 12 healthy volunteers pharmacokinetics, safety and impact on the faecal microflora of cefepime were determined. For eight days eight volunteers received cefepime 1000 mg bd by constant infusion over 30 min, four volunteers received placebo. Concentrations of cefepime in serum and urine were measured by bioassay and HPLC. The correlation between the two methods was good and the bioassay results were used for pharmacokinetic calculations. The faecal flora was analysed twice before the study, twice during the study and four times after cefepime administration. There were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters between days 1 and 8. The following values (mean +/- S.D.) represent day 1. The maximum concentration of 72.69 +/- 12.2 mg/L immediately after infusion decreased to 0.56 +/- 0.17 mg/L after 12 h. The mean 12 h recovery in urine was 93.69 +/- 2.14%. Pharmacokinetic parameters based on an open two-compartment model were as follows (mean +/- S.D.): area under the curve, 142.65 +/- 18.35 mg.h/L; elimination half-life 110.3 +/- 8.3 min; steady state volume of distribution 16.0 +/- 1.9 L/70 kg; total clearance, 107.0 +/- 16.0 mL/min; renal clearance 103.0 +/- 15.2 mL/min. No accumulation was observed during the eight day study period with cefepime at this dosage; trough levels on days 2-7 ranged from 0.52 +/- 0.26 mg/L to 0.90 +/- 0.33 mg/L. In the cefepime treated group the following side-effects were noted: headache (5), fatigue (4), nausea/stomach ache (2), soft stool (2), transient scotoma (1). Side-effects in the placebo group were: headache (2) fatigue (3), nausea/stomach-ache (1), soft stool (2) and photophobia (1). During cefepime administration a decrease in the number of Escherichia coli and bifidobacteria in faeces was observed, whereas Bacteroides spp. and clostridia showed a slight increase. The numbers of faecal bacteria returned to normal 20 to 48 days after the study was completed.
J Antimicrob Chemother 1992 Sep
PMID:Multiple dose pharmacokinetics, safety, and effects on faecal microflora, of cefepime in healthy volunteers. 145 2

The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether alprazolam pretreatment can increase the analgesic potency of morphine without increasing opioid side-effect intensities. We employed computer-controlled, variable-rate morphine infusions based on each subject's pharmacokinetic profile for morphine derived from a tailoring bolus dose of the drug administered 1 or 2 weeks before the infusion test sessions. On each of 2 test days, we used dental electrical stimulation to determine stimulus intensity that produced consistent reports of strong (but tolerable) pain; this intensity was used for the rest of that session. Then, we measured baseline (no drug) pain intensity reports, pain-related evoked potentials recorded from vertex, and other parameters typically affected by opioids (subjective side effects). We administered alprazolam (1 mg) or placebo (lactose) orally to the subject and then repeated the test battery 30 min later. One hour after the alprazolam or placebo dose, we initiated the tailored morphine infusion to reach target plasma morphine concentration plateaus of 16, 32 and 64 ng/ml (45-min duration each) on both test days. The test battery used during baseline was then repeated at each target concentration plateau. The order of alprazolam versus placebo pretreatments was counterbalanced across subjects and known only to the investigator operating the infusion system. Results suggest that alprazolam at the dose studied did not alter analgesic potency of morphine. However, alprazolam did clearly decrease the intensity of nausea reported by subjects during and after termination of the morphine infusions. Of special interest, alprazolam alone (30 min after oral dosing) decreased evoked potential amplitude consistently without affecting pain intensity reports.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pain 1992 Sep
PMID:Influence of alprazolam on opioid analgesia and side effects during steady-state morphine infusions. 145 87

Children whose brain tumor involves two or more compartments at presentation differ clinically and pathologically from children whose brain tumor is confined to one compartment. In this study of 3,291 children with a brain tumor, at least 10% had a tumor that occupied two or three compartments at first hospitalization. Infratentorial tumors occupying multiple compartments were 1.7 times more likely to involve the cervicomedullary junction than the mesodiencephalic junction. Younger children (1-3 years) were more likely to have had multiple compartment tumors than older children. Children whose tumor was limited to the infratentorial compartment had a longer survival than children whose tumor also occupied other compartments. Ependymoma, anaplastic ependymoma, and astrocytoma (nos) were over represented among infratentorial multiple compartment tumors. Pilocytic astrocytoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (medulloblastoma), and desmoplastic medulloblastoma were less likely to have occupied multiple compartments at the time of the first surgical exploration. The distributions of histologic features in tumors at the cervicomedullary junction differed from those in tumors limited to the posterior fossa or to the spinal canal. Seizures were more likely if the tumor was confined to the supratentorial compartment, whereas nausea or vomiting and headache were more likely if the tumor was confined to the infratentorial compartment. Children whose tumor was confined to the spinal canal were significantly more likely to have bladder symptoms and back and/or abdominal pain than those whose tumor also involved compartments above the foramen magnum. We conclude that brain tumors apparently confined to one compartment at presentation are biologically and structurally different from tumors evident in two or more compartments.
J Neurooncol 1992 Sep
PMID:Childhood brain tumors that occupy more than one compartment at presentation. Multiple compartment tumors. 146 64

For phenomenological elucidation of panic attacks, 26 patients with panic attacks were requested to name the panic symptoms in order of their occurrence and specify the patterns of their abatement. Panic symptoms were found to be classifiable into three categories: early symptoms consisting of dizziness or faintness, palpitations, and sweating; intermediate symptoms dyspnea, nausea or abdominal distress, flush or chills, chest pain or discomfort, shaking, and choking; late symptoms paresthesias, fear of dying, and fear of going crazy. Panic symptoms disappeared in 61.6% irrespective of the sequence of their occurrence. Twenty-one patients were interviewed about the experience of nocturnal panic attacks, and 23.8% experienced them. These findings suggest that fear is caused by sudden physical abnormality triggered by some biological factors.
Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol 1992 Sep
PMID:The sequence of panic symptoms. 148 43

Gastrointestinal symptoms occur in a large number of patients with food allergies. Immediate hypersensitivity mechanisms may give rise to the nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea experienced by these patients. However, there are limited human data about the pathophysiological basis for these symptoms. Most of the available information comes from a variety of animal models. This article reviews the literature using models of intestinal food hypersensitivity, as well as human studies, that have contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms in gastrointestinal food hypersensitivity.
Gastroenterology 1992 Sep
PMID:Gastrointestinal food hypersensitivity: basic mechanisms of pathophysiology. 149 10

The techniques of anesthesia for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of urinary calculi and the associated complications in 600 treatments with the second generation lithotriptor Siemens Lithostar were studied. General anesthesia was used in 17 treatments (2.8%) and epidural anesthesia was applied in 73 (12%), primarily in children and patients in need of simultaneous surgical auxiliary procedures. A total of 510 treatments (85%) was performed with a combination of local infiltration anesthesia and supplementary intravenous opiates. In 65% of the cases only 2 injections of opiates were sufficient for pain relief. There were no complications in 394 treatments (77%) and minor complications, such as arrhythmia (9.2%) and nausea/vomiting (7.6%), were easily treated. Respiratory depression was observed in 10 cases (2%) and this potentially dangerous complication was associated with simultaneous administration of opiates and midazolam. Only 9 treatments (1.8%) had to be terminated due to complications. It is concluded that most treatments of urinary calculi with this second generation extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor can be performed with local infiltration anesthesia combined with supplementary short-acting opiates intravenously for pain relief and sedation. When administering supplementary midazolam for sedation the risk of respiratory depression should be considered.
J Urol 1992 Sep
PMID:Anesthesia and complications of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of urinary calculi. 150 23

Treatment of 17 children aged 2-9.5 years with a combination of pivmecillinam and pivampicillin (250-500 mumol 24 h-1) for more than 1 year resulted in a reduction of the free carnitine concentration in serum and muscle to less than 10% of the mean reference value. The decline in serum was slow, with an estimated half-life of about 5 months. Spontaneous replenishment occurred at about the same slow rate. Thus, there is no increase in endogenous carnitine synthesis as a response to increased demand of carnitine for detoxification. Supplementation with carnitine during treatment required at least a four-fold molar excess over pivalic acid to achieve and sustain a normal carnitine concentration. The replenishment of carnitine occurred with a half-life of 1.1-3.0 months. From determination of muscle-carnitine concentration in patients treated with pivaloyl-containing antibiotics and in patients with organic aciduris, we conclude that serum carnitine is a good predictor of carnitine stores in the body. Six non-supplemented patients with a serum free-carnitine concentration of 0.7-2.6 mumol l-1 had an inadequate ketone-body increase during a 24-h fast. Vomiting, nausea and tiredness occurred in three cases following the fasting period. After normalization of the serum-carnitine concentration, a normal response to fasting was observed. Thus, in some organic acidurias, for example medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, a low liver concentration of carnitine may be an important contributing factor to hypoglycaemic and Reye-like attacks. We believe that prodrugs which contain pivalic acid should be avoided if acceptable alternatives exist. If used, supplementation with at least four-fold molar excess of carnitine is advisable.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1992 Sep
PMID:Effects of pivalic acid-containing prodrugs on carnitine homeostasis and on response to fasting in children. 151 15

The double-port infusion protocol during adenosine thallium imaging involves the use of two infusion systems, one for adenosine and one for thallium. The single-port infusion protocol, on the other hand, uses one infusion system; both adenosine and thallium are injected via a "Y" connection. This study examined the possibility that the single infusion system, by displacing a column of blood filled with adenosine, may be responsible for a greater incidence of side effects. In a parallel study, 140 patients underwent adenosine thallium imaging with the single-port system (group 1) and 140 patients underwent imaging with the double-port system (group 2). Both groups were comparable in age (67 +/- 10 years vs 64 +/- 11 years), gender (men comprised 56% of patients in group 1 and 64% in group 2), resting heart rate, and systolic blood pressure. More patients in group 1 had chest pains (57% vs 44%; p = 0.03), ST-segment depression (25% vs 9%; p = 0.005), nausea (11% vs 4%; p = 0.04), and second- or third-degree atrioventricular block (11% vs 5%; p less than 0.08) than did patients in group 2. The other side effects were similar, and peak heart rate and peak systolic blood pressure were also similar. The thallium images that used single-photon emission computed tomography were abnormal in 61% of patients in group 1 and in 65% of patients in group 2 (p = not significant).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Am Heart J 1992 Sep
PMID:Side effects during adenosine thallium imaging with single-port or double-port infusion protocols. 151 87

To define the maximum tolerated dose and to study whether recombinant human interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) reduced chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, 20 chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced ovarian cancer eligible for treatment with 6 cycles of carboplatin-cyclophosphamide every 4 weeks (day 1) were entered in a phase I/II open, single-center trial. Cohorts of five patients received during 7 days 1, 5, 10, or 15 micrograms/kg/d rhIL-3 (days 5 through 11) in cycles 1, 3, and 5 by continuous intravenous (IV) infusion or once daily subcutaneous (SC) administration. In control cycles 2, 4, and 6, no rhIL-3 was administered. rhIL-3 significantly increased the recovery of leukocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, especially at 5, 10, and 15 micrograms/kg rhIL-3. rhIL-3 also increased basophil, eosinophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts at this dose steps. Effects on reticulocytes were limited. No difference in efficacy between SC and IV rhIL-3 treatment was found. Chemotherapy postponement for insufficient bone marrow recovery was necessary in 22 of 45 control cycles versus 2 of 49 rhIL-3 cycles (P less than .001). Platelet transfusions were required in 7 of 45 control cycles versus 3 of 50 rhIL-3 cycles (P less than .5). rhIL-3 up to 10 micrograms/kg/d could be administered without severe side effects. At 15 micrograms/kg/d, rhIL-3 headache was dose-limiting. Other side effects were fever, flu-like symptoms, nausea, skin rash, flushing, facial erythema, and urticaria. Liver toxicity occurred in rhIL-3 and control cycles. rhIL-3 slightly increased tumor necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein, and serum amyloid A plasma levels, whereas no effect on IL-6 plasma levels was observed. rhIL-3 administered SC appears to be an interesting hematopoietic growth factor for reduction of chemotherapy-induced myelotoxicity.
Blood 1992 Sep 01
PMID:Effects of interleukin-3 after chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer. 151 36


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