Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical consequences (therapeutic and toxic) of drug acetylation polymorphism are reviewed for procainamide, hydralazine, phenelzine, isoniazid, and salicylazosulfapyridine. Genetic slow acetylators are more likely than rapid acetylators to experience the following adverse drug reactions: (1) earlier development of procainamide-induced antinuclear antibody; (2) earlier and more frequent development of procainamide-induced systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); (3) hydralazine-induced SLE; (4) spontaneous SLE; (5) drowsiness and nausea from phenelzine; (6) cyanosis, hemolysis, and transient reticulocytosis from salicylazosulfapyridine; and (7) polyneuropathy after isoniazid therapy. The incidence of isoniazid hepatitis may, however, be more common in rapid than than in slow acetylators. Genetic slow acetylators are also more likely than rapid acetylators to experience greater therapeutic responses from similar doses of the following: phenelzine, hydralazine provided beta blockers are concurrently used, and isoniazid if once weekly therapy is used. Thus, knowledge of the acetylator phenotype of a patient can help determine the relative risk for some drug-related toxic and therapeutic responses.
Clin Pharmacol Ther 1977 Sep
PMID:Clinical consequences of polymorphic acetylation of basic drugs. 1 87

The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release rate from an intravaginal suppository on induced abortion was investigated in a randomized, double-blind study of 71 women who were 7-22 weeks pregnant. 2 dosage forms were compared. Base A was selected to provide a more hydrophilic character than base B. 6 vaginal suppositories, inserted at 4-8 hour intervals as deemed necessary for the clinical progress of abortion, were available for each patient. If abortion did not occur within 48 hours, the trial was discontinued. When time for 50% dissolution of PGE2 (t50%) was plotted as a function of pH for the 2 suppository formulations, the curve for base A was sigmoidal in shape, showing a more rapid release of PGE2 and pH increase. In contrast, base B demonstrated a t50% value of 30 hours which was independent of pH. This independence suggested the hypothesis that the clinical performance of base B would be more uniform than a base A formulation and would exhibit a longer duration of biologic action. Use of base A was found to produce a slight increase in the frequency of successful abortions (79% with base A versus 70.3% with base B). There were no significant differences in the mean times from treatment initiation to complete abortion, the number of incomplete abortions, or failure to abort between the 2 study groups. There was a nonsignificant trend toward reduced total drug use in the base A group. Examination of side effects indicated that women receiving PGE2 in base B had a greater but nonsignificant tendency to experience nausea (62.2% in group B, 58.8% in group A) and vomiting (83.8% group B, 76.5% group A); however, there was a significantly greater amount of diarrhea in the base B group (70.3%) than in the base A group (41.2%). It was concluded that there are no major differences in abortifacient efficiency or the general incidence of side effects when PGE2 therapy in 2 dosage forms is compared. However, a more hydrophilic base, which exhibits a more rapid release of PGE2, appears to slightly reduce side effects and efficacy.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977 Sep 15
PMID:Clinical comparison of abortifacient activity of vaginally administered prostaglandin E2 in two dosage forms. 1 73

In a prospective study 260 urographies were evaluated regarding clinical compatibility. In altogether 11% of the patients mild incompatibility reactions were observed (heat sensation, urticaria, nausea, vomiting). 29% of the patients with known prior contrast agent incompatibility suffered from anaphylactoid symptoms mostly of a subjective type (heat sensation, nausea). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of objective symptoms (urticaria, vomiting) between patients with prior contrast media incompatibility (3%) and patients who had tolerated previous contrast media applications without symptoms (2%).
Fortschr Med 1979 Sep 06
PMID:[Risk of incompatibility reactions in the repeated use of contrast media in urography]. 3 85

On Feb. 3, 1975, 196 (57%) of 344 passengers and 1 steward aboard a commercial aircraft contracted a gastrointestinal illness characterised by nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhoea; 142 passengers and the steward were admitted to hospital. Symptoms developed shortly after a ham and omelette breakfast had been served. An investigation strongly incriminated ham as the vehicle of the outbreak, and the source seems to have been a cook with lesions on his fingers. The attack-rate was 86% for passengers who ate the ham handled by this cook and 0% for passengers who ate ham handled exclusively by another food preparer. Before being served, the ham and omelette had been held at room temperature for 14 h and at 10 degrees C (50 degrees F) for 14 1/2 h Specimens of stool and vomitus from ill passengers, left-over food, and the finger lesions of the cook were positive for Staphylococcus aureus of identical phage types and antibiotic sensitivities. Preformed enterotoxin was detected in the left-over ham and omelette. This outbreak re-emphasises that people with infected lesion should not handle food and that foods must be stored at temperatures low enough to inhibit the growth of bacteria. To ensure against a common foodborne illness incapacitating the entire flight crew, cockpit crew members should eat different meals prepared by different cooks.
Lancet 1975 Sep 27
PMID:Staphylococcal food poisoning aboard a commercial aircraft. 5 19

A review of the case histories of 345 patients who underwent protatectomy showed that 1.7 percent (6 patients) had "occult and progessive renal damage" secondary to prostatic hypertrophy. All these men were over the age of 60 and the disturbances in micturition were so mild that the patients were unaware of, or chose to ignore them. The presenting symptoms were nonspecific and included generalized weakness, anorexia, nausea, constipation, and weight loss. Investigation revealed impaired renal function of varying degrees. Prostatectomy was associated with a dramatic improvement in all 6 patients. Physicians should be aware of the clinical entity of occult and progressive renal damage secondary to obstruction of the bladder outlet, especially in the elderly male. Uremia can develop with minimal urinary symptoms. Elderly men often suppress or deny their symptoms because of the fear of operation.
J Am Geriatr Soc 1979 Sep
PMID:Occult progressive renal damage in the elderly male due to benign prostatic hypertrophy. 8 33

Eight sailors on board the Asiafreighter were exposed to arsine that had escaped from a cylinder in the cargo hold. Four suffered severe toxicity and within a few hours had developed fever, weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and haemoglobinuria. These patients had pronounced intravascular haemolysis, which in one patient was complete. This patient was also stuporose and anoxic, a condition attributed to failure of oxygen transport and sludging of red cell debris in the cerebral and pulmonary circulations, but he regained a normal level of consciousness after exchange transfusion. Evidence of marrow depression was present: the reticulocyte response to the haemolysis was poor and there was a thrombocytopenia. All four patients developed renal failure, one being totally anuric for five weeks. Two patients developed peripheral neuropathy, and one was still severely disabled six months after the incident. The other four patients had a similar, though less severe, illness.
Br Med J 1975 Sep 06
PMID:Arsine toxicity aboard the Asiafreighter. 16 42

The effect of the intramuscular injection of various doses of glucagon in 15 healthy subjects was studied. Significant elevations of plasma ACTH, and cortisol were found to occur 3 h after the administration of 4 mg of crystalline glucagon. Mean levels in 7 subjects were for ACTH 44 +/- 30 (SD) pg/ml, and for cortisol 14 +/- 6 (SD) mug/100 ml at the beginning of the test, and rose to 109 +/- 48 (SD) pg/ml and to 23 +/- 5 (SD) mug/100 ml respectively following glucagon. The peak response of ACTH and cortisol was preceded by a significant rise of plasma insulin, by a fall of the blood glucose, which was initially increased by the administration of glucagon, and by the symptoms of nausea and sweating. This study demonstrates that the intramuscluar administration of glucagon (4 mg) provids a potent stimulus to ACTH and cortisol secretion in healthy subjects.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1976 Sep
PMID:ACTH and cortisol responses to glucagon stimulation. 18 12

Prostaglandins have found clinical applications in: 1) termination of midtrimester pregnancy; 2) induction of labor; 3) menstrual regulation; and 4) control of postpartum hemorrhage. In abortion, prostaglandins (PGs) are used to bring about rapid dilatation of the cervix and diminished flow of the utero-placental blood. They are administered via intravenous, intra- and extra-amniotic, vaginal, and intramuscular routes, and are considered to be the most efficient and safest abortifacient known. Common side effects (nausea, diarrhea, phlebitis, fever, chills and rigors, hypotension, chest pains) can be controlled by simultaneous use of drugs such as Diazapan, Squil, Stemetil, Eskazil, and Lomotil. In cases of induction of labor (e.g., intrauterine fetal death or missed abortion), PGs have a success rate of 85-98%, with minor side effects. Although PGs are used to regulate menstruation, accompanying side effects make their use for this purpose almost unacceptable. In addition, their role in controlling postpartum hemorrhage has been found to be insignificant. A clinical trial of 341 healthy pregnant women who had abortion using PGs is briefly described.
Nurs J India 1978 Sep
PMID:Clinical uses of prostaglandins in human reproduction. 30 21

A rare case of the choroid plexus papilloma originating from the extraventricle was reported. A 48-hear-old woman began not to walk well about two years ago. Then, she was complained of vertigo, hearing disturbance of the right ear and nausea. These symptoms gradually increased. On admission she had papilledema, Brun's nystagmus, hearing disturbance of right ear and cerebellar ataxia. Cerebral angiogram and CT scan showed dilated ventricles and a large tumor in the posterior fossa. At operation, tumor was found in extramedullary space at the right cerebello-pontine angle and extended to the foramen magnum. This was removed totally. Histological examination revealed choroid plexus papilloma. Her postoperative course was satisfactory and shunting procedure was not necessary. According to the electron microscopic findings, the ultrastructure of tumor was similar to that of normal choroid plexus. We could not clear the morphological features which were considered essential for overproduction of CSF in the tumor.
No Shinkei Geka 1978 Sep
PMID:[A case of choroid plexus papilloma at the right cerebello-pontine angle (author's transl)]. 30 61

Alkaline gastritis and alkaline esophagitis are now precisely defined syndromes. They occur most often after gastric surgery in which function of the pyloric and lower esophageal sphincter is compromised. Reflux of bile in these patients can then lead to severe inflammation of the gastric and lower esophageal mucosa. Epigastric pain, nausea and bilious vomiting are characteristic symptoms. Gastroscopy with biopsy is, therefore, the definitive diagnostic test; during endoscopy bile is seen in the lower esophagus or stomach, and the mucosa is red, friable and contains acute erosions. Conservative therapy including the administration of cholestyramine has not been helpful. Surgery consisting of diversion of the duodenal contents away from the stomach and lower esophagus is the treatment of choice. The Roux-en-Y procedure has been used most often and has resulted in the amelioration of the symptoms and signs in most patients.
Can J Surg 1977 Sep
PMID:Alkaline gastritis and alkaline esophagitis: a review. 32 67


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