Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a case of an 82-year-old female presenting with symptoms of chest pain, nausea, dizziness and electrocardiographic evidence of ST segment elevation in inferior and ST depression in anterior leads. Emergent coronary angiogram showed totally occluded mid left circumflex and a totally occluded distal right coronary artery, there was no response to intracoronary nitroglycerin before intervention. Both arteries were successfully ballooned and stented. Multiple cases of simultaneous coronary occlusion has been reported and different mechanisms has been postulated but exact mechanism is still not well understood.
Int J Cardiol 2007 Jul 10
PMID:Acute myocardial infarction from simultaneous total occlusion of the left circumflex and right coronary artery. A case report. 1746 96

Midodrine hydrochloride is a potent peripherally-acting alpha1 agonist that is well absorbed and rapidly metabolized to its active metabolite. It has been used for the treatment of refractory syncope but has the important side effect of supine hypertension. A 10-year-old boy with severe symptomatic orthostatic hypotension was treated with midodrine. After therapy, syncope attacks ceased but he suffered nighttime headaches, nausea, transient rash and itchy/prickly scalp. Midodrine was discontinued when supine hypertension was noticed. However, his supine hypertension continued until day 19 after discontinuation. This case shows that patients receiving midodrine should be observed for supine hypertension for a prolonged period.
Pediatr Cardiol
PMID:Prolonged supine hypertension due to midodrine use in an orthostatic hypotensive child. 1753 Mar 20

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The primary goal of treatment is to target glycemic control by maintaining the glycosylated hemoglobin level near 6-7% without predisposing patients to hypoglycemia. Diabetes results from a combination of increased hepatic glucose production, decreased insulin secretion from beta cells, and insulin resistance in the peripheral tissues. Currently available antidiabetic agents work by different mechanisms to lower blood glucose levels. Unfortunately, each of them has its tolerability and safety concerns that limit its use and dose titration. Sitagliptin is the first antidiabetic agent from the class of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme inhibitors. It increases the amount of circulating incretins, which stimulate insulin secretion and inhibit glucose production. Sitagliptin was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use with diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes. It can be used alone or in combination with metformin or a thiazolidinedione (pioglitazone or rosiglitazone) when treatment with either drug alone provides inadequate glucose control. The usual adult dose is 100 mg once daily. A dose of 25-50 mg once daily is recommended for patients with moderate-to-severe renal impairment. In randomized, placebo-controlled trials that lasted for up to 6 months, sitagliptin lowered glycosylated hemoglobin levels by 0.5-0.8%. In a 52-week clinical trial, sitagliptin was shown to be noninferior to glipizide as an add-on agent in patients inadequately controlled on metformin alone. Sitagliptin was well tolerated with the most common side effects being gastrointestinal complaints (up to 16%), including abdominal pain, nausea and diarrhea; hypoglycemia and body weight gain occurred at similar rates compared with placebo. Overall, sitagliptin provides a treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes as a monotherapy, or as an adjunct to metformin or a thiazolidinedione when patients achieve inadequate glycemic control while on either of the agents. It is also an alternative therapy for those patients who have contraindications or intolerability to other antidiabetic agents.
Cardiol Rev
PMID:Sitagliptin: a novel drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. 1770 Mar 85

Rimonabant is the first selective blocker of the cannabinoid-1 receptor in development for the treatment of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiometabolic risk factors. (Recently, an FDA Advisory Committee recommended a delay in the approval of rimonabant because of safety issues that need to be addressed in further studies.) Although it is associated with favorable effects on weight, waist circumference, serum lipids, C-reactive protein, and an improvement in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, there are concerns about side effects. Generally, rimonabant has been well tolerated, with a primary side effect of nausea. Other side effects seen in trials have been anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as neurologic events, albeit at low rates. When rimonabant becomes clinically available, physicians should be vigilant regarding the expected side effects and use alternative therapies if needed.
Am J Cardiol 2007 Dec 17
PMID:Cannabinoid-1 receptor blockade in cardiometabolic risk reduction: safety, tolerability, and therapeutic potential. 1815 43

A coronary artery fistula is a direct communication between a coronary artery and one of the cardiac chambers or vessels around the heart. These fistulas are usually diagnosed by coronary arteriography. Clinical presentations are variable depending on the type of fistula, shunt volume, site of the shunt, and presence of other cardiac conditions. Bilateral coronary fistulas between coronary arteries and the pulmonary artery are very rare. This report describes a 51-year-old man without any previous medical history, who presented to our hospital one hour after the acute onset of severe substernal chest pain associated with shortness of breath and nausea. Coronary angiography revealed two fistulas arising from the left anterior descending and right coronary arteries and draining at exactly the same site in the pulmonary artery. There was no evidence of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in either the left or right coronary arterial tree.
Hellenic J Cardiol
PMID:Bilateral fistulas: a rare cause of chest pain. Case report with literature review. 1845 70

Varenicline is a partial agonist of alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors. It was recently approved for smoking cessation in the United States. It is administered at a dosage of 0.5 mg once a day for an initial period of 3 days followed by 0.5 mg twice a day for the next 4 days. Following this, the drug is administered at a dosage of 1.0 mg twice a day. The total duration of therapy is 12 weeks. Common adverse effects include nausea, headache, and insomnia. Recent studies show that varenicline is almost twice as effective as bupropion SR in smoking cessation. Given the increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity secondary to smoking, especially in the elderly, varenicline is a major therapeutic tool in the fight against smoking.
Prev Cardiol 2008
PMID:Varenicline and its role in smoking cessation. 1860 53

Although high-degree atrioventricular (AV) block in patients with a history of syncope usually requires pacemaker implantation, therapeutic strategies should also be considered. A 35-year-old man presented with complaints of palpitations, nausea and dysgeusia. Since aged 30, the patient had experienced three episodes of syncope. Holter monitoring showed transient high-degree AV block (up to 5:4 block) associated with nausea, eructation and dysgeusia irrelevant to posture as well as ventricular ectopic beats with palpitation. A head-up tilt test revealed neurally mediated vasodepression but electrophysiological study showed no abnormalities. These results indicated that his transient high-degree AV block was functional, and syncope would have been because of neurally mediated vasodepression, not bradycardia. After administration of disopyramide at 300 mg daily, the symptoms subsided and ventricular ectopic beats and AV block disappeared. He has been well for 20 months.
J Cardiol 2008 Aug
PMID:Disopyramide for transient high-degree atrioventricular block in a young patient with a history of syncope. 1863 79

Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular condition in the United States. It can lead to end organ damage and increased mortality risk if it is not properly controlled. In most situations where blood pressure has to be brought down quickly, an intravenous agent with a quick onset of action is often used. Clevidipine is the first third-generation IV dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that has a high degree of vascular selectivity and an ultra-fast onset and offset of blood pressure lowering effect. In various clinical trials, clevidipine has shown to be safe and effective in controlling acute blood pressure elevations in patients with hypertensive emergencies, preoperative hypertension, and postoperative hypertension. The most common adverse events noted are atrial fibrillation, nausea, headache, and acute renal failure. Overall, clevidipine is a useful addition to available intravenous agents in reducing blood pressure during acute situations. The acceptance of this agent to hospital formularies may ultimately depend on its perceived ease of administration, clinically relevant benefits over other available agents, and acquisition costs.
Cardiol Rev
PMID:Clevidipine: a novel ultra-short-acting calcium antagonist. 1938 89

A sixty-one year old female with a past history of asthma was admitted to the emergency department because of vertigo, nausea, vomiting, chest pain and generalized erythema after taking an oral dose of cefuroxime axetil. Electrocardiography showed ST segment elevation in inferior leads. After coronary angiography, type 2 variant of Kounis Syndrome is diagnosed. We present first drug induced Kounis Syndrome in an asthmatic patient with severe anaphylactic shock. The present report also shows that atopic people expressing an amplified mast cell degranulation may have more serious hemodynamic decompensation during hypersensitivity reactions.
Int J Cardiol 2009 Nov 12
PMID:Kounis Syndrome secondary to cefuroxime axetil use in an asthmatic patient. 1942 33

The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is the most common acquired thrombophilia; it is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent arterial and venous thrombosis and/or pregnancy loss, in association with circulating antiphospholipid antibodies. The pathogenic mechanisms in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome that lead to in vivo injury are incompletely understood. Like other autoimmune diseases, a combination of genetic and environmental factors is involved. We report the case of a 50-year-old woman suffering from an antero-lateral non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. After few days, coronary angiography showed a severe occlusive arterial disease, involving anterior descending, circumflex e right coronary arteries. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed with the implantation of a drug-eluting stent in the proximal segment of the anterior descending coronary artery. One day after discharge (10 days after the first hospitalization) the patient experienced dizziness, nausea, vomiting, swelling in absence of any electrocardiographic abnormalities or myocardial enzyme elevation; then she was hospitalized in the neurology department. Because of a similar episode, urgent cerebral computed tomography scan was performed 5 days later; it revealed two different acute ischemic areas, parietal in the right hemisphere and cerebellar in the left hemisphere. The diagnosis of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome was confirmed by high anticardiolipin antibody titers, also present in medium titer at 5 and 17 weeks apart. She was discharged without any sequelae, on warfarin and double antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel for 6 months), then warfarin and aspirin.
G Ital Cardiol (Rome) 2009 Apr
PMID:[Myocardial and cerebral infarction as initial presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome]. 1947 82


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