Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this double-blind parallel study, 99 patients with acute ventricular tachyarrhythmias after open-heart surgery were given either tocainide (50 patients) or lidocaine (49 patients) intravenously as 2 bolus injections 15 minutes apart, plus a fixed-rate infusion that started at the first bolus. If needed, a third bolus was administered and simultaneously the infusion rate was doubled. The boluses and initial infusion rate for tocainide treatment were, respectively, 250, 250 and 125 mg and 1.04 mg/min, and for lidocaine treatment, 100, 50 and 50 mg and 2.08 mg/min. When efficacy was defined as 80% or greater reduction in single ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) or complete abolition of ventricular couplets or ventricular tachycardia, no difference in efficacy between the 2 treatments was found by bedside electrocardiographic monitoring. By computer analysis of 24-hour taped electrocardiograms and a regression analysis of the proportion of patients responding favorably to treatment, it was estimated that an 80% or greater reduction of single VPCs occurred in 55% of patients during tocainide treatment and in 48% of patients during lidocaine treatment; abolition of couplets occurred in 74% and 68% of patients, respectively; and abolition of ventricular tachycardia in 87% and 73% of patients, respectively. These treatment-related differences were different (p less than 0.004). Adverse reactions occurred in 5 patients (10%) given tocainide (hypotension in 4; junctional rhythm in 1 patient; and nausea-vomiting in 1) and led to discontinuation of treatment in 3 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Am J Cardiol 1984 Dec 01
PMID:Efficacy and safety of intravenous tocainide compared with intravenous lidocaine for acute ventricular arrhythmias immediately after cardiac surgery. 643 23

In a clinical trial the efficacy of encainide, a newly developed class I antiarrhythmic agent, was compared with the well-known mexiletine. Nine patients with different underlying cardiac disease and chronic complex ventricular ectopies (documented by 24-h Holter monitoring, confirmed during the initial placebo period) entered the study. The dosage of encainide was increased from 25 to 75 mg three times daily and the antiarrhythmic effect monitored by repeated 24-h Holter registration and in some patients by treadmill exercise testing. During the clinical followup we noted a high incidence of so-called "minor side effects" (headache, dizziness, blurred vision, tremor, and nausea), which caused us to terminate the study. In all instances adverse effects emerged before ectopic activity was suppressed satisfactorily prohibiting further increment of dosage. These results indicate that encainide cannot be regarded as an antiarrhythmic drug of first choice in routine clinical application.
Clin Cardiol 1984 Sep
PMID:Increased incidence of side effects after encainide: a newly developed antiarrhythmic drug. 644 23

Propafenone, a new antiarrhythmic drug, was administered to 60 patients with a history of refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias, including ventricular fibrillation in 16 and ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 44. A noninvasive protocol was followed utilizing ambulatory monitoring and exercise testing for evaluation of drug effect. The protocol involved acute drug testing with 450 mg of propafenone followed by maintenance therapy with 150 to 300 mg t.i.d. for 4 days. The protocol was completed by 57 patients; in 3 patients side effects developed that necessitated discontinuation of the drug before evaluation. When evaluated by monitoring, 34 patients (60%) responded to the drug, with total elimination of runs of VT, a greater than 90% reduction in couplets and a greater than 50% decrease in the frequency of ventricular premature beats. Based on exercise testing, 36 patients (63%) were deemed responders. When both exercise and monitoring were considered, 30 of 57 patients (53%) responded to propafenone. The acute drug test predicted the response to maintenance therapy in 84% of patients. Propafenone did not change left ventricular function in patients with normal ejection fractions (greater than 50%). However, in those with an ejection fraction less than 50%, propafenone significantly reduced this value (34% vs 29%, p less than 0.01). Side effects occurred in 20 patients (33%) and included nausea, congestive heart failure, aggravation of arrhythmia and conduction abnormalities. Eleven patients have continued on propafenone for an average of 16 months with continued efficacy and freedom from side effects.
Am J Cardiol 1984 Nov 14
PMID:Propafenone: noninvasive evaluation of efficacy. 649 69

Amiodarone was administered to 154 patients who had sustained, symptomatic ventricular tachycardia (VT) (n = 118) or a cardiac arrest (n = 36) and who were refractory to conventional antiarrhythmic drugs. The loading dose was 800 mg/day for 6 weeks and the maintenance dose was 600 mg/day. Sixty-nine percent of patients continued treatment with amiodarone and had no recurrence of symptomatic VT or ventricular fibrillation (VF) over a follow-up of 6 to 52 months (mean +/- standard deviation 14.2 +/- 8.2). Six percent of the patients had a nonfatal recurrence of VT and were successfully managed by continuing amiodarone at a higher dose or by the addition of a conventional antiarrhythmic drug. One or more adverse drug reactions occurred in 51% of patients. Adverse effects forced a reduction in the dose of amiodarone in 41% and discontinuation of amiodarone in 10% of patients. The most common symptomatic adverse reactions were tremor or ataxia (35%), nausea and anorexia (8%), visual halos or blurring (6%), thyroid function abnormalities (6%) and pulmonary interstitial infiltrates (5%). Although large-dose amiodarone is highly effective in the long-term treatment of VT or VF refractory to conventional antiarrhythmic drugs, it causes significant toxicity in approximately 50% of patients. However, when the dose is adjusted based on clinical response or the development of adverse effects, 75% of patients with VT or VF can be successfully managed with amiodarone.
Am J Cardiol 1983 Nov 01
PMID:Long-term efficacy and toxicity of high-dose amiodarone therapy for ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. 663 51

The results of a well-controlled multicenter shortterm safety and efficacy study, supported by results from several long-term studies, indicate that therapeutic doses of flecainide are well tolerated by most patients. The most frequently reported extracardiac adverse experiences were dizziness (30%) and visual disturbances (28%), often occurring in tandem. Headache, nausea, dyspnea and chest pain occurred at incidences of 6 to 9%; other adverse experiences occurred at incidences of greater than or equal to 5%. Because of study design, it is likely that these figures are overestimates; they include all reports, whether or not they were caused by flecainide. Extracardiac adverse experiences were given as reasons contributing to discontinuation of therapy in 10% of patients in the short-term and 6% of patients in the long-term studies. In most cases the inability to tolerate flecainide became evident early in therapy. No new adverse experiences indicative of any chronic toxic effect of flecainide were reported during the long-term studies. Side effects tended to be intermittent and to decrease over time.
Am J Cardiol 1984 Feb 27
PMID:Extracardiac adverse effects of flecainide. 669 13

The antiarrhythmic efficacy and safety of oral flecainide were assessed during a controlled 2-week and a subsequent 48-week long-term trial. Fifteen patients with frequent (more than 30 per hour) and complex ventricular arrhythmias (Lown grade IVA or IVB) who had been resistant or intolerant to 2 or more antiarrhythmic agents, were included in the study. Antiarrhythmic efficacy was controlled by 24-hour Holter monitoring at 2, 12, 24 and 48 weeks. The administration of 100 to 200 mg flecainide twice daily resulted in more than 90% suppression of VPCs and of complex ventricular arrhythmias in 14 of 15 patients. The minimum effective therapeutic dose could be titrated in 9 of 14 patients to 100 mg twice daily, in 3 of 14 patients to 150 mg twice daily and in 2 of 14 patients to 200 mg twice daily. During this therapy and a mean plasma concentration of 886 +/- 103 ng/ml, PQ and QRS duration, as well as QTc time and JTc interval were not significantly changed. Side effects (gastrointestinal complaints, nausea, obstipation, dizziness, visual disturbances, headache and impaired potency) were seen in 5 of 14 patients after 12 weeks, in 3 of 4 patients after 24 weeks and in only 2 of 14 patients after 48 weeks. Side effects were described as mild and tolerable and did not limit flecainide therapy except in 1 patient, who had discontinued therapy with flecainide after 3 days because of intense gastrointestinal symptoms. In conclusion, flecainide is highly effective and well tolerated in the long-term treatment of serious ventricular arrhythmias.
Am J Cardiol 1984 Jul 01
PMID:Long-term antiarrhythmic therapy with flecainide. 674 44

In a small preliminary clinical trial of guanabenz in 16 hypertensives also under treatment with diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride), blood pressure was safely and completely controlled in 10 (64%), the criterion for "control" being a reduction to the strict level specified by the Society of Actuaries (130/85 m lambda Hg). The dosage of guanabenz was adjusted upward from 16 mg/day until blood pressure normalized or side effects intervened. The 16 patients accumulated 97 months of guanabenz treatment. The 6 unsuccessful cases included only 2 outright therapeutic failures; the other 4 patients discontinued treatment for various reasons: dry mouth and nausea (with good blood pressure reduction); aggravation of existing depression; or generalized urticaria. The fourth patient discontinued for reasons unknown.
Acta Cardiol 1980
PMID:Preliminary clinical trial with a new hypotensive, guanabenz, in a group of hypertensive patients. 697 Apr 85

A patient with a 5-year history of nonexertional episodic chest discomfort terminating in nausea presented with recurrent periods of marked ST elevations. Each observed episode terminated in the triad of bradycardia, hypotension, and nausea. ST elevation normalized almost immediately when this triad supervened. It is hypothesized that this represented activation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. Resolution may have been due to reflexly mediated parasympathetic coronary vasodilation. An episode of ST elevation occurred 24 h after admission which did not result in activation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. Following this latter episode, Q waves and enzymatic evidence of myocardial infarction were documented.
Clin Cardiol 1981 Mar
PMID:The Bezold-Jarisch reflex: possible role in limiting myocardial ischemia. 722 95

During standard haemodialysis, cause of calcium and magnesium insoluble salts formation, the bicarbonate as a buffer has been replaced by the more soluble and stable acetate. But the new and more efficient dialytic systems cause an increase of intradyalitic bicarbonate loss and acetate gain the latter, by a direct calcium binding or by calcium displacement from the active sites, has been believed to be responsible for vasodilatation and myocardial contractility depression. Aim of this study is to verify if the bicarbonate dialysis versus acetate dialysis modifies left ventricular performance, investigated by non invasive tools (systolic time index and echocardiography). This work deals with twelve patients undergoing standard haemodialysis (three times a week) since 28 months on the average. Echocardiographic and systolic time index study was performed before and after the acetate dialysis and before and after the tenth bicarbonate dialysis observing the same interdialytic period. The echo has shown improvement concerning the fractional shortening (P less than 0.025) and the cardiac output (P less than 0.05) and only before the tenth bicarbonate dialysis. Systolic time index data have shown reduction of the ratio PEP/LVET (P less than 0.05) and LVET less negative than after acetate only in the end of the tenth bicarbonate dialysis (P less than 0.05). These results seem point out left ventricular performance improvement in accordance with the decrease of clinical intradialytic (nausea, vomiting, and hypotension) and interdialytic troubles (headache, asthenia and washed-out feeling) probably due to the bicarbonate more effective as a buffer in the acid-base and electrolytic balance.
G Ital Cardiol 1981
PMID:[Comparison of acetate and bicarbonate in hemodialytic treatment. Echocardiographic and polycardiographic study of the left ventricle]. 731 88

This study describes the results of ergonovine testing in 100 consecutive patients who underwent this procedure in a coronary care unit. All patients had recently undergone coronary arteriography. A bolus injection of ergonovine was administered at 5 minute intervals in the following doses (mg): 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4. The criterion for a positive test was the appearance of S-T elevation greater than 1 mm. The test was positive in all 17 patients known to have variant angina and in 18 (40 percent) of 45 patients who had a history of chest pain judged strongly suggestive of variant angina but who had no electrocardiogram recorded during pain. Of 38 patients with a history of chest pain classified as not entirely typical of variant angina, only 1 (2.6 percent) had a positive test. Of the 64 patients with a negative ergonovine test, 47 had chest pain and 25 had nausea but none had more serious complications. Ventricular arrhythmia accompanied S-T elevation in 18 of the 36 patients with a positive test but occurred in only 4 of the 64 with a negative test (p < 0.0005). No patient needed treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs. Four of the 36 patients with a positive test had serious complications: severe transient hypotension (2 patients), recurrent episodes of angina with S-T elevation (1 patient) and a subendocardial infarction (1 patient). Thus, ergonovine testing is useful in patients with a typical clinical history of variant angina but without an electrocardiogram recorded during pain. In this study, a small but definite incidence of serious complications occurred during a positive test.
Am J Cardiol 1980 Dec 01
PMID:Ergonovine testing in a coronary care unit. 744 24


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>