Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new fluorinated pyrimidine, TAC-278, was studied for its safety, anti-tumor activity and pharmacokinetics in patients with solid tumors of various types. Single oral administration was done in 43 patients with dose range of 50 to 1200 mg. These single administrations caused no side effects but nausea in only one patient daily given 900 mg. Repeated oral dose tolerance was assessed in 79 patients in daily doses of 100 to 1800 mg. Side effects were reported by 26 (33.3%) of the 79 patients. Major side effects were mild gastrointestinal symptoms. The maximum tolerated dose was considered to be 1200 mg/day, over which CNS symptoms as dose limiting factor for TAC-278 developed in some patients. As to the therapeutic effect, minor response was obtained in 2 of the 24 evaluable patients. Concentration of 5-FU in body fluid and tumor tissues were high following oral administration of TAC-278, but the disappearance was relatively rapid. Excretion of TAC-278 occurred predominantly in urine.
 ...
PMID:[Phase I clinical study of a new fluorinated pyrimidine antineoplastic agent, TAC-278]. 718 8

A phase I study of a new fluorinated pyrimidine, 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU), was performed by a multi-institutional clinical study group using a total of 111 patients with histologically proven malignancies. The characteristic toxic effects were a transient hot sensation and pollakiuria, which occurred 15-120 minutes after oral administration of the drug, continued for 30 minutes to 4 hours, and subsided spontaneously. Gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia, which are common with 5-FU administration, also occurred with HCFU but did so less frequently. The maximum tolerated dose for a single oral administration was estimated to be between 12 and 15 mg/kg and the optimal daily dose for continuous administration was considered to be between 9 and 18 mg/kg, with divided daily administration. Fifty-seven patients received 5-19 mg/kg/day of HCFU for > 4 weeks, including 31 patients with > 60 days' treatment. Cumulative doses were from 9.5 to 166.2 g, with a mean of 26.3 g. Hematopoietic toxicity was slight and hepatic toxicity was questionable. No renal or other cumulative toxicity was observed. In ten of the 57 patients, favorable clinical effects were seen: an active decrease in the size of the solid tumor (three patients), the disappearance of ascites (six), and the improvement of intestinal obstruction due to peritoneal carcinomatosis (one).
 ...
PMID:Phase I study of a new antitumor drug, 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU), administered orally: an HCFU clinical study group report. 744 23

A phase III randomised study, comparing treatment with fluorouracil, epidoxorubicin and methotrexate (FEMTX) with the best supportive care, was conducted in patients with unresectable or metastatic gastric cancer. During the period from July 1986 to June 1992, 41 patients were randomised to receive FEMTX or best supportive care. MTX was given in a dose of 1500 mg m-2 intravenously (i.v.) followed after 1 h by 5-FU 1500 mg m-2 i.v. on day 1; leucovorin rescue was started after 24 h (30 mg orally every 6 h for 48 h) and epidoxorubicin 60 mg m-2 i.v. was administered on day 15. In addition both groups received tablets containing vitamins A and E. Response rates for FEMTX were as follows: complete response (CR), 19% (4/21); partial response (PR), 10% (2/21); no change (NC), 33% (7/21); and progressive disease (PD), 24% (5/21). Response rates in the control group were: NC, 20% (4/20); and PD, 80% (16/20). Increased pain was observed in one patient in the treated group and in 11 patients in the control group within the first 2 months. WHO grade III/IV toxicity in the chemotherapy group was as follows: nausea/vomiting 40%, diarrhoea 10%, stomatitis 15%, leucopenia 50% and thrombocytopenia 10%. One possible treatment-related death was due to sepsis. The median time to progression in the FEMTX group was 5.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.1-11.7 months], but only 1.7 months in the control group (95% CI 1.2-2.7 months) (P = 0.0013). Similarly, the FEMTX group displayed significantly (P = 0.0006) prolonged survival compared with the control group, i.e. median survival 12.3 months (95% CI 7.1-15.6 months) vs 3.1 months (95% CI 1.6-4.6 months). In conclusion, FEMTX combined with vitamin A and E is a fairly well-tolerated treatment, giving a response rate of 29% in patients with advanced gastric cancer, and also prolonging patients' survival. It can be used as a reference treatment in testing new investigational combinations.
 ...
PMID:Randomised comparison of fluorouracil, epidoxorubicin and methotrexate (FEMTX) plus supportive care with supportive care alone in patients with non-resectable gastric cancer. 753 17

A 67-year-old male patient having liver metastasis from gastric cancer with portal vein tumor thrombosis was treated by chemotherapy with 5-FU and EPI. A dose of 500 mg/body/day of 5-FU was continuously administered via the central venous catheter. Anorexia and hepatic dysfunction were reduced. In addition, 20 mg/body/week of low-dose EPI was added to the chemotherapy. This treatment produced marked regression of portal vein tumor thrombosis on CT. The side effect observed was slight nausea, but no bone marrow suppression was found. Thus, chemotherapy with 5-FU and EPI appears to be a useful and safe treatment for liver metastasis with portal vein tumor thrombosis.
 ...
PMID:[A case of liver metastasis of gastric cancer with portal vein tumor thrombosis responding to chemotherapy with 5-FU and epirubicin]. 766 75

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic agent which has been used to treat many solid tumors including cancers of the breast, ovary, cervix, bladder, prostate gland and gastrointestinal tract. Side effects related to the drug include bone marrow suppression, stomatitis, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. However another less frequent but lethal event cardiotoxicity--appears to have been ignored by physicians. Recently, two cases of cardiac toxicity induced by 5-FU have been encountered here. One patient developed supraventricular tachycardia and the other illustrated silent myocardial infarction with congestive heart failure. Since these side effects may result in death when 5-FU is prescribed to those patients who have had previous heart disease or are concomitantly receiving inevitable radiotherapy over the cardiac region, it should be recommended with extreme caution.
 ...
PMID:Cardiotoxicity related to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy: a report of two cases. 778 Aug 86

To evaluate ambulatory cancer chemotherapy, the clinical response, toxicities and survival time were analysed among 12 outpatients with recurrent breast cancer who were treated by sequential methotrexate (MTX)/5-FU therapy for the past 2 years. In this study, MTX (70 mg/m2, i.v.) and 5-FU (370 mg/m2, d.i.v.) were given on days 1 and 15 every 4 weeks, the 5-FU being given one hour after the MTX. Partial response (PR) was observed in 3 patients (25%), no change (NC) in 9. One-year survival ratio was 59%, and 7 out of 12 patients survived at the end of this study. The median disease free interval was 7.3 months, and 3 cases survived for more than one year without disease. Although nausea/vomiting, stomatitis, leukopenia and alopecia were noted, no severe side effects were observed. These results suggested that sequential MTX/5-FU therapy might be a useful ambulatory cancer chemotherapy for patients with recurrent breast cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical study of ambulatory cancer chemotherapy for recurrent breast cancer]. 780 47

We have performed intra-arterial biochemical modulation chemotherapy of 5-FU with Leucovorin for patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Three regimens were performed. A; weekly bolus injection of 5-FU and Leucovorin (6 cases), B; 7 days continuous injection of 5-FU after bolus injection of Leucovorin (4 cases), C; 5 days simultaneously continuous injection of 5-FU with Leucovorin (6 cases). The results were; response rate was A:0%, B:25%, C:33% and survival rate for patients of C method was better than that for patients of A and B method. Four patients complained mild nausea of less than Grade 2, but only one patient of C method. These results suggest that simultaneously continuous intra-arterial injection of 5-FU with Leucovorin is an excellent therapy for patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Home therapy approach in cancer patients-chemotherapy (case 2-2)]. 780 64

With the use of cisplatin to enhance the effect of 5-FU, a combined approach was designed to treat patients with inoperable recurrent cancer of the stomach (15) and colon (6). This CDDP-5-FU therapy consisted of intermittent infusion of CDDP at a dose of 6 mg/m2 every day and continuous infusion of 5-FU at a daily dose of 200 mg/m2 for 2 weeks with a 2-week interval in between. There were 1CR and 6PR, and the overall response rate was 40.0%. Toxicity was manifested in slight nausea or vomiting in two patients (10.0%), but there was no nephrotoxity. Thrombocytopenia of Grade 4 was found in 1 patient and leucopenia of Grade 3 in another. The efficiency of performance status was in 14 patients (66.7%). Combination of daily low-dose cisplatin and 5-FU is a tolerable treatment for patients with inoperable recurrent stomach and colon cancer. It is suggested that CDDP plays a role as not only an effector but also a modulator in biochemical modulation of 5-FU in this therapy. The infusion schedule is also suitable for chemotherapy of outpatients. Further studies on the appropriate infusion of CDDP and 5-FU are needed.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil and daily low-dose cisplatin for inoperable recurrent cancer of the stomach and colon]. 782 83

In a 61-year-old female patient, the recurrence of peritoneal dissemination after total gastrectomy due to gastric cancer responded well to chemotherapy of sequential methotrexate and 5-FU. A total of 10 courses of this chemotherapy diminished ascites, normalized the value of CA 19-9, and re-opened the left obstructed ureter. During this therapy, the patient's condition was good, with no experience of nausea or leukopenia.
 ...
PMID:[A case report: postoperative recurrence of peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer responding to sequential methotrexate and 5-FU (5-fluorouracil)]. 785 5

In a preceding study, we established the tolerance and pharmacokinetic behavior of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) given by the intraperitoneal (IP) route. A dose of 3 g daily x 3 days was found satisfactory for Phase II study and exploration of biochemical modulation. Therefore, the current study was conducted to study the tolerance and pharmacokinetics of such a dose-schedule and route of FdUrd combined with escalating doses of leucovorin (LV). Fourteen patients were entered and 13 were evaluable for tolerance determination. Pharmacologic determinations of IP FdUrd and 5-Fluorouracil (FUra) derived from it and LV were obtained by HPLC methods on 11 occasions. Findings were compared with the preceding study of FdUrd alone. LV did not appear to alter the tolerance of IP FdUrd even in the four patients receiving the highest dose of LV (640 mg). Toxicities included nausea, vomiting, and rarely neutropenia and diarrhea. Pharmacokinetic parameters indicate a parallel rate of egress of FdUrd and LV from the peritoneal cavity. The pharmacologic advantage for FdUrd is at least 3 logs as previously reported and one log for LV. Evidence of antitumor effect was noted particularly among untreated patients with gastrointestinal primaries. We conclude that IP FdUrd 3 g and LV in doses of up to 640 mg x 3 days are well tolerated. Since FdUrd is more potent, has an even greater hepatic clearance and shows greater potential for modulation with LV than FUra, it may be the preferred fluoropyrimidine for subsequent studies via the IP route in the treatment of carcinomas with prominent peritoneal spread. The pharmacologic advantage for leucovorin is limited but it is a good marker for peritoneal clearance since it parallels FdUrd clearance.
 ...
PMID:Intraperitoneal 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine with escalating doses of leucovorin: pharmacology and clinical tolerance. 789 38


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>