Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the inoperable Borrmann type 4 Gastric cancer, which is to be used as a synonym of gastric scirrhus clinically, it is regrettable but effect is hardly expected from radiotherapy or immunotherapy, and the treatment relies entirely on chemotherapy. We have reported the results of our questionnaires collected from 108 hospitals (internal medicine-40 and surgical-68) all over Japan to investigate the prevailing circumstances of inoperable Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer. Therapies performed by singular medication were: 1). oral and intravenous 5-FU-33.3%, 2). oral, intravenous and suppository tegafur-27.4% and intravenous MMC-27.4%, of the total 84 methods reported in the field of internal medicine; and 1). administration of 5-FU-29.1%, 2). intravenous MMC-26.8% and 3). tegafur-22%, of the total 127 therapies reported in the surgical field. The therapies performed by combined medications were: 1). 5-FU+MMC-22.6%, 2). MFC-12.1%, 3). tegafur+MMC, and FAM-8.3% (further 29 examples of combination medications consisting of 2-4 preparations), of the total 124 therapies reported in the field of internal medicine; and 1). 5-FU+MMC-22.6%, 2). MFC-12.1% and tegafur+MMC-7.3% (further 37 examples consisting of 2-4 preparations), of the total 124 therapies reported in the surgical field. The total cases judged as 'effective' in all the hospitals were 71. The breakdown is as follows: 1). 'effective for the primary focus'-47 cases/66.7%, expansion of affected site proved by gastric radiogram and endoscopic image-33 cases/46.5%, expansion of affected site proved only by endoscopy-4 cases/5.6%; shrinkage of malignant ulcer and flattening of randwall, disappearance of extra-gastric compression by endoscopic image-2 cases. 2). ineffective for the primary focus'-24 cases/33.8%, of which disappearance of or decrease in ascites-11 cases/15.5%; improvement of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal fullness, strange epigastric sensation, abnormal evacuation, disappearance of diarrhea etc. and increase in body weight-13 cases. In 50% survival period, the cases in which chemotherapy was judged as entirely ineffective were 283 and the period was 2.9 months. The 50i% survival period for the above-mentioned total effective cases was 8.5 months, of which the 50%r survival period for the effective cases by radiographic and endoscopic findings in the primary focus was 10.65 months showing the prolongation effect of life span. One year survival rate was also 36%. Draft of the Critria of Cancer Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer proposed by Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer, which including the evaluation of Borrmann type 4 cancer, was introduced.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy of unresectable Borrmann's type IV stomach cancer]. 641 75

UFT-E, enterogranules of tegafur-uracil (at molar ratio of 1: 4) was developed in order to minimize GI toxicity of UFT. Pharmacokinetic study after single oral administration of 300 to 1200 mg of UFT-E was carried out in cancer patients measuring tagafur, uracil and 5-FU levels in serum, normal tissue and tumor tissue using HPLC and GC-mass. In the all doses studied, curves of serum tegafur after administration of UFT-E were consistently higher than those of uracil and 5-FU. Peak 5-FU levels were observed at 2-4 hours after administration of UFT-E. Maximum 5-FU levels ranged 0.1-3.0 mcg/ml and were variable in each patient even at the same doses. The serum 5-FU level was correlated with tegafur and uracil levels, especially with the latter. The curves of serum 5-FU of UFT-E were different from those of UFT, and the peak time of UFT-E occurred 2 or 3 hours later than that of UFT and the decrease of 5-FU level was slower. The concentrations of 5-FU in tumor tissue (T) were observed in most of the cases compared with those in normal tissue (N) (T/N ratio of more than 2.0 was observed in 16/23 patients), especially in the patients received higher doses of UFT-E and in the patients with GI cancers. In the phase I study of oral daily consecutive administration of UFT-E in 23 cancer patients, the GI side effects such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, were observed in 5 out of 23 patientsr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and a phase I study of tegafur-uracil enterogranules in cancer patients]. 641 79

To study the effectiveness of CDDP for hepatic cancer, intra-hepato-arterial administration of CDDP (0.8-1.0 mg/kg/week) combined with 5-FU (250 mg/body/day) was performed for 10 patients with primary or metastatic hepatic cancer. As the results, partial response was obtained in 6 of 8 evaluable patients. However, the adverse effect was very high rate; leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and vomiting (nausea) were observed in 9, 6 and 6 of 10 patients respectively. The dose limiting factor of CDDP was not a nephrotoxicity but a bone marrow depression in this series. Though a noticeable antitumor effect of this modality was obtained, some improvements should be applied to it to decrease the adverse effect.
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PMID:[Intra-hepato-arterial administration of cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum II (CDDP) for primary or metastatic hepatic cancer]. 643 66

Thermotherapy combined with Tegafur and Picibanil was performed in 32 patients with cancer of the urinary bladder. The thermotherapy was performed with a closed circulation type of thermotherapeutic apparatus manufactured for trial, using a 3-way catheter. The flow quantity of the perfusate was 150 ml/min at a constant temperature of 43 degrees C. The temperature was monitored at the inlet and outlet catheter at the urethral meatus. The thermotherapy was performed for 6 hours once a week. Tegafur and Picibanil were added to the perfusate at the time of thermotherapy. No anesthesia was used. Complete disappearance of tumor occurred in 9 cases. The concentration of Tegafur in the serum, tumor and bladder wall was simultaneously measured. The serum levels after two hours of thermotherapy with 16 gm of dissolved Tegafur showed that FT-207 was 28.837 mcg/ml and 5-FU, 0.028 mcg/ml. After 4 hours the FT-207 was 36.464 mcg/ml and 5-FU, 0.040 mcg/ml. By the 6th hour FT-207 was 39.430 mcg/ml and 5-FU, 0.049 mcg/ml. After 24 hours FT-207 was 11.242 mcg/ml and 5-FU, 0.013 mcg/ml in the serum, while FT-207 was 8.205 mcg/g and 5-FU, 0.274 mcg/g in the bladder tumor, and FT-207 was 17.029 mcg/g and 5-FU, 0.157 mcg/g in the bladder wall. Nausea was observed in 1 case in which a large quantity of Tegafur was absorbed. No other side effects were noted.
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PMID:[Thermotherapy for cancer of the urinary bladder in combination with tegafur and picibanil--with special reference to the serum bladder and bladder cancer tissue concentrations of tegafur in a perfusion fluid]. 643 3

5-FU, semustine (MeCCNU), triazinate (TZT), and razoxane (ICRF-159) have each shown activity against advanced colorectal cancer in studies by at least two investigative groups. Objective response rates, however, have been low, without evidence of increased patient survival. The hope of this study was that enhanced activity might result from giving these agents in two-drug combinations. There were 167 eligible and evaluable patients randomized among the programs: 5-FU at a dose of 500 mg/m2/day by iv push X 5 (F); 5-FU at a dose of 400 mg/m2/day iv X 5 plus TZT at a dose of 175 mg/m2/day iv X 3 (FT); 5-FU at a dose of 400 mg/m2/day plus ICRF-159 at a dose of 600 mg/m2/day orally X 3 (FI); MeCCNU at a dose of 150 mg/m2/day orally plus TZT at a dose of 200 mg/m2/day iv X 3 (MT); MeCCNU at a dose of 150 mg/m2 orally plus ICRF-159 at a dose of 500 mg/m2/day orally X 3 (MI); and ICRF-159 at a dose of 425 mg/m2/day orally X 3 plus TZT at a dose of 125 mg/m2/day iv X 3 (IT). Patients with limiting conditions (serum creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dl or elevated bilirubin) were randomized among programs F, FI, and MI. Objective response rates by treatment arm were: F--13% (four of 31 patients); FT--13% (four of 31); FI--15% (four of 27); MT--11% (three of 28); MI--13% (four of 32); and IT--6% (one of 17). Response rates of combination arms were not significantly larger than those of 5-FU alone. With regard to survival, patients initially treated with 5-FU alone had the most favorable experience (median, 10.8 mos). Multivariate analysis showed the following factors to have a significant and independent influence on survival: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score, grade, site of indicator lesion, and the presence of 5-FU in the treatment regimen. Toxic effects most frequently seen were nausea, vomiting, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, diarrhea, stomatitis, alopecia, and dermatitis. The incidence and severity of toxicity were roughly comparable among the six treatment arms.
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PMID:Randomized phase II studies in advanced colorectal carcinoma: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group study. 664 May 51

We treated 19 patients who had hormone-resistant adenocarcinoma of the prostate (stage D-2) with 5-FU, doxorubicin, and mitomycin (FAM'). All patients had extremely poor prognostic factors. Of the 16 patients evaluable for response, 44% had stabilization of disease and 56% had progressive disease. The median survival time for the stable disease group was 48 weeks, whereas that for the nonresponders was 26 weeks. The difference in survival time was statistically significant (P less than 0.002). The FAM' regimen was well-tolerated with minimal nausea, no vomiting, and moderate hematologic toxicity.
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PMID:Treatment of hormone-resistant metastatic carcinoma of the prostate with 5-FU, doxorubicin, and mitomycin (FAM'): a preliminary report. 668 55

The levels of anticancer drugs in tissue were measured by bioassay method in 28 patients with gastrointestinal cancer, who were treated with intravenous administration of 500 mg of 5-FU combined with ANG-II during surgery. The levels of 5-FU in the cancerous tissue of the stomach and the regional lymph nodes were higher in the cases who received 5-FU and ANG-II than in the cases received 5-FU alone. Based on this result, we carried out cancer chemotherapy combined with ANG-II for 15 patients with advanced cancer. The good clinical response was observed in 4 out of 15 cases (26.7%) including 2 complete (CR) and 2 partial responses (PR), respectively. According to Karnofsky's criteria of response, more than I-A response was observed in 5 out of 15 cases (33.3%). The major side effects of ANG-II therapy were nausea, vomiting and breast pain. The incidence of the side effects was 8.7% in total.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of cancer chemotherapy combined with angiotensin-II (ANG-II)]. 682 Sep 24

5-Fluorouracil (FUra) is a clinically useful antineoplastic agent. Preclinical studies suggest that the therapeutic effects of FUra can be enhanced by pretreatment with N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid (PALA), an inhibitor of aspartate transcarbamylase. The objective of treatment with PALA is to increase the activation of FUra by inhibiting the normal pathway of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. Theoretically, the optimal dose of PALA should produce effective blockade of this pathway without increasing toxic effects of FUra. Using pyrazofurin-induced orotic aciduria and orotidinuria as a measure of this pathway, it as determined that PALA (250 mg/sq m) is effective in inhibiting total-body pyrimidine synthesis. Sixty-eight adult patients with cancer were treated with combinations of PALA and FUra. High doses of PALA (1 to 2 g/sq m) prevented the use of full dosage of FUra; however, PALA (250 mg/sq m) can be administered 24 hr before FUra (750 mg/sq m) once weekly for at least 3 weeks. The toxicity observed using that combination of doses was mild to moderate myelosuppression, mucositis, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Further clinical studies are warranted.
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PMID:Phase I and clinical pharmacological evaluation of biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouracil with N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid. 683 57

Ninety-six patients with metastatic breast cancer were entered in a prospectively randomized trial comparing a five-drug doxorubicin (Adriamycin)-containing regimen given in two different schedules. Both regimens included cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-FU, prednisone, and doxorubicin. On one schedule, referred to as "combination" treatment, doxorubicin was given every 21 days and cyclophosphamide was given daily. On the less intensive "fixed-rotation" schedule, doxorubicin was given on alternative cycles every 42 days and cyclophosphamide was given for 21 days of the 42-day cycle. Response frequency and survival were comparable among patients receiving either regimen. Significantly less (P < 0.05) nausea and leukopenia occurred on the fixed-rotation schedule. Therefore, similar therapeutic benefit along with decreased toxicity was obtained by use of combination chemotherapy involving doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide given in the less intensive schedule.
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PMID:Randomized comparison of two combination chemotherapy regimens containing doxorubicin in patients with metastatic breast cancer: a Western Cancer Study Group trial. 700 35

A phase II evaluation of bruceantin was carried out in 15 patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer. All patients had received extensive prior therapy including adriamycin, cytoxan, 5-FU, methotrexate, and a vinca alkaloid. Except for two patients with stable disease, no complete or partial response was observed. Drug toxicity, mainly nonhematologic, was severe, with nausea, vomiting, mild hypotension, and fever being the most frequently encountered.
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PMID:Phase II trial of bruceantin in metastatic breast carcinoma. 711 61


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