Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficiency of cis Platin (DDP) alone and in combination with Adriamycine (ADM) and Cyclophosphamid (CTX) were evaluated in a prospective randomized trial containing 173 pat. suffering from advanced ovarian cancer (FIGO III/IV). Therapeutic schedule and results: (table; see text) The most side effects concerned vomiting (WHO Grad 2) in 90%, nausea (WHO Grad 2) in 95% and alopecia in 50% out of all pat.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of cisplatin alone and in combination within the scope of primary therapy of ovarian cancer. Results of a prospective multicenter study]. 169 49

The efficacy of the serotonin antagonist ondansetron (GR38032F, Glaxo) was evaluated in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by combinations containing cyclophosphamide (CTX) greater than or equal to 600 mg/m2 IV day. At their first treatment course, 55 patients (10 males, 45 females) median age 55 years (range 31-76) were given ondansetron 8 mg orally tds for a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 5 days. 54 patients were evaluable. Complete and major control of acute (day 1) emesis was observed in 94.5% of patients and acute nausea was graded as absent or mild in 83.3% of cases. Complete and major control of emesis improved on subsequent study days from 96.1% on study day 2 to 100% on study day 5. Side effects were mild. Ondansetron is a safe and effective antiemetic drug.
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PMID:Oral ondansetron (GR38032F) for the control of acute and delayed cyclophosphamide-induced emesis. 182 2

The control of nausea and emesis in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy poses a significant management problem. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we evaluated the effect of serotonin S3 receptor blockade with ondansetron (GR 38032F) on the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cyclophosphamide-containing chemotherapy. Cyclophosphamide was given in doses of 500 to 600 mg/m2 and ondansetron as three intravenous (IV) doses of 0.15 mg/kg. Most patients had breast cancer. Cyclophosphamide was given in combination with doxorubicin (65% of patients) or with fluorouracil (85% of patients: 50% with Adriamycin [doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH] and 35% with methotrexate). All placebo-treated patients experienced vomiting, whereas 70% of patients treated with ondansetron did not vomit (P = .008). Median nausea scores were 8 mm on ondansetron and 65 mm on placebo (P less than .001). Seventy percent of patients treated with ondansetron retained their normal appetite, compared with 10% of placebo patients. Adverse events occurred in six placebo patients and one ondansetron patient. Diarrhea and headache were the most common events, both occurring more frequently in the placebo group. There were no extrapyramidal reactions, and the only significant biochemical change occurred in a placebo-treated patient. These results suggest that serotonin S3 receptor antagonists represent a novel, effective, and safe mode of therapy for nausea and emesis induced by cyclophosphamide-containing chemotherapies. In addition, our observations are compatible with the view that serotonin, acting on S3 receptors, mediates the nausea and emesis occurring after cyclophosphamide chemotherapy.
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PMID:Antagonism of serotonin S3 receptors with ondansetron prevents nausea and emesis induced by cyclophosphamide-containing chemotherapy regimens. 182 40

Four patients with recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer have undergone combination chemotherapy with Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin and Cisplatin (CAP). All drugs were administered by I.V. on day 1 in the following doses: Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2, Adriamycin 50 mg/m2 and Cisplatin 50 mg/m2. The treatment was repeated every 4 weeks and continued as long as there was disease progression. Two complete clinical responses and two partial responses were achieved. Based on these good results, we have initiated post-operative prophylactic chemotherapy using CAP in high risk patients. Adverse effects including myelo-suppression, nausea, and vomiting, and alopecia were seen in almost all patients. In no case, however, did any patient experience life-threatening toxicity. Based on our experience, CAP therapy appears tolerable when used per our schedule.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cisplatin in recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer--a preliminary report]. 292 85

The Authors describe their experience with a combination therapy with carmustine (BCNU), cyclophosphamide (CTX) plus adriamycin (ADM) in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. The complete remission was obtained in 33.3% of subjects, the partial remission in 37.5%. Almost all patients suffered nausea, vomiting and alopecia. Myelosuppression was acceptable. No heart damage was observed. This pharmacological association can be considered an effective medical treatment in the management of ovarian carcinomas in advanced stages.
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PMID:Polychemotherapy with carmustine, cyclophosphamide plus adriamycin in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. 403 50

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral and smoked delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was performed in eight patients with resected soft tissue sarcomas who received adjuvant Adriamycin and Cytoxan chemotherapy. Each patient served as his own control. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, in comparison with a placebo, did not significantly reduce the number of vomiting and retching episodes, volume of emesis, degree of nausea, or duration of nausea. In contrast to a previous report where significant antiemetic effects of THC were observed in patients receiving high-dose methotrexate, THC did not effectively reduce emesis induced by Adriamycin and Cytoxan. These findings suggest that the antiemetic properties of THC are effective only against specific chemotherapeutic drugs.
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PMID:A prospective evaluation of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol as an antiemetic in patients receiving adriamycin and cytoxan chemotherapy. 626 26

A combination chemotherapy "VEMA" consisting of vincristine (VCR), cyclophosphamide (Endoxan, EX), methotrexate (MTX) and nimustine (ACNU) has been carried out for the treatment of small cell bronchogenic carcinoma since September, 1978. "VEMA" regimen consists of VCR 1.3 mg/m2 iv push on day 1, EX 500 mg/m2 iv infusion on day 1 and 2, MTX 28 mg/m2 iv push on day 1, 2 and 3, and ACNU 67 mg/m2 iv push on day 3. This dose schedule was repeated every 3 to 4 weeks. The regimen was given to 14 patients and 12 patients were evaluable. In the 12 evaluable cases, 2 case of complete response (CR), 7 cases of partial response (PR) and 2 cases of effusion effective were obtained. Response rate of CR + PR was 90%. Response rate including CR, PR and effusion effective was 91.7%. The major clinical toxicity of "VEMA" therapy was bone marrow suppression. Other side effects were anorexia, nausea, vomiting, alopecia and stomatitis: etc; however, these side effects were not life threatening to terminate "VEMA" therapy. In conclusion, "VEMA" regimen is a new potent combination chemotherapy in the treatment of small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.
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PMID:[Effects of a combination chemotherapy "VEMA" consisting of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and ACNU in the treatment of small cell bronchogenic carcinoma]. 630 69

Nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, and Prochlorperazine were compared in a double-blind crossover study of 34 patients with lung cancer undergoing a 3-day schedule of chemotherapy with Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin and Etoposide. Symptom scores were significantly better for patients on nabilone for nausea, retching and vomiting (P less than 0.05). Fewer subjects vomited with nabilone (P = 0.05) and the number of vomiting episodes was lower (P less than 0.05); no patients on nabilone required additional parenteral anti-emetic. More patients preferred nabilone for anti-emetic control (P less than 0.005). Adverse effects common with nabilone were drowsiness (57%), postural dizziness (35%) and lightheadedness (18%). Euphoria was seen in 14% and a "high" in 7%. Erect systolic blood pressure was lower in nabilone patients on Day 1 (P = 0.05) but postural hypotension was a major problem in only 7%. Nabilone is an effective oral anti-emetic drug for moderately toxic chemotherapy, but the range and unpredictability of its side-effects warrant caution in its use.
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PMID:Anti-emetic efficacy and toxicity of nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, in lung cancer chemotherapy. 631 40

In twenty-nine cases of primary breast cancer preoperative treatment using CPA and FT-207 (or 5-FUDS) was performed to determine their efficacy. Daily dose of each anticancer drugs was as follows: CPA 50-200 mg, FT-207 200-600 mg, 5-FUDS 200 mg, p.o.. The total doses were CPA 1.8 g, FT-207 5.0g, 5-FUDS 3.4 g in average. In 11 cases (37.9%) reduction in tumor size was obtained. According to Ohboshi's criteria, over Grade II a effect was seen in 5 cases (17.2%), while Grade III effect was not seen in any of the cases. Effective cases were more frequently observed among those which received CPA at 25 mg/kg or more, or FT-207 (5-FUDS) at 80 mg/kg or more. Main side effects were G. I tract symptoms such as anorexia and nausea. To obtain definitive conclusion on the clinical significance of use of CPA and FT-207 (5-FUDS) as preoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer, further studies are required.
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PMID:[Clinical study of preoperative chemotherapy of primary breast cancer. 1. Efficacy of a combined use of CPA (endoxan) and FT-207 (or 5-FU dry syrup)]. 682 Aug 92

Thirteen patients with metastatic renal cancer were treated in a phase II trial with interleukin-2, 21.6 million IU/m2 intravenously daily for five days on two consecutive weeks, starting 3 days after the administration of low dose cyclophosphamide 350 mg/m2 intravenously. Treatment cycles were repeated every 21 days. No responses were seen (95% Confidence Interval: 0-22%). The most common toxicities were fever, fatigue, hypotension, nausea/emesis, and myalgia/arthralgia. There were 11 episodes of Grade III toxicity including Grade III hypotension in 7 patients. Because of the significant toxicity and the lack of observed response, the study was discontinued. Cyclophosphamide and interleukin-2 at the dose and schedule used in this study has considerable toxicity and is unlikely to improve on response rates previously seen with other IL-2 based regimens in metastatic renal cancer.
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PMID:Phase II study of low dose cyclophosphamide and intravenous interleukin-2 in metastatic renal cancer. 796 Jun 3


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