Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An outbreak of complaints consisting primarily of eye and respiratory tract irritation accompanied by headache, dizziness, fatigue, and nausea occurred among the operating room personnel of a large metropolitan hospital. This initially was attributed to infiltration of diesel exhaust emissions into the ventilation system. However, following correction of this problem and subsequent unrevealing air monitoring, symptoms persisted and were noted in personnel in adjacent areas of the hospital as well. An industrial hygiene and medical evaluation was undertaken. Monitoring for carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and anesthetic gases and review of medical records and patient examinations were unrevealing, and the problem resolved gradually over several weeks. This outbreak represents a case of building-associated illness among health professionals in a hospital setting that was triggered by a single, identifiable noxious exposure but was sustained despite any apparent ongoing noxious exposures.
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PMID:Sick-hospital syndrome. 186 55

Altretamine is a National Cancer Institute-designated group C antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. Altretamine is a highly lipid-soluble drug available only for oral administration as a capsule. The drug is activated through metabolic oxidation to intermediate methylol derivatives and formaldehyde. It is unclear which metabolite is the major species responsible for cytotoxicity or the primary mechanism of cytotoxicity. As a single agent in the treatment of ovarian cancer, altretamine demonstrates a response rate similar to other active agents in this disease (21-39 percent). The major utility of altretamine is in combination with other agents such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, fluorouracil, melphalan, and cisplatin. However, few randomized trials have evaluated the contribution of altretamine in these multiagent combinations. Dose-limiting toxicities include gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, anorexia), hematologic, and neurotoxic (peripheral neurotoxicity). The therapeutic role of altretamine is limited because of a toxicity profile similar to that of cisplatin, one of the more active agents in ovarian cancer. Its use should be reserved for patients who are not candidates for more standard platinum-based regimens.
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PMID:Altretamine. 190 41

During ten years 59616 haemodialyses were performed with 18139 capillary dialysers on 226 patients being in the final stage of chronic renal insufficiency. With the semi-automatic technique applied blood can be eliminated from the dialyser in 15-20 minutes. Formalin used for desinfection is washed out of the apparatus such a way, that formalin content of the last washing solution ranges between 0-0.1 microgram/ml. Anti-N antibody indicating the presence of formalin could be detected in the serum of 2 patients out of the 120 cases tested. The same dialyser is used repeatedly on one patient, 3.29-times on the average. The regenerated dialyser eliminates compounds of small-and middle molecular weight with the same efficiency up to the 4th repeated use. Ratio of pyrogenic reactions is low, 0.08%. Neither infection or sepsis associated with the regeneration occurred. Rehabilitation degree as well as the survival time of patient corresponded with the average European standard. Because of the "first use syndrome" (allergic symptoms, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, headache, cramps etc.) with 5 patients haemodialysis could be performed only with regenerated dialysers dialyses. From the considerable sums saved by regeneration process 7 satellite dialysing units were established and equipped.
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PMID:[Experience with the regeneration and repeated use of dialyzers (1977-1987)]. 261 56

The prevalence of certain symptoms (eye, skin and airway symptoms, headache, nausea, and fatigue) were studied among hospital workers with and without exposure to glutaraldehyde during cold sterilization work. The exposure to glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde was quantified by hygienic measurements in the breathing zone of the workers. Aldehydes were measured by a specific method, using sorbent tubes with Amberlite XAD-2 coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNF) and analyzed by liquid chromatography. The exposure measurements revealed that the present exposure to glutaraldehyde was intermittent and well below the Swedish occupational exposure limit. In spite of this low exposure, the exposed group exhibited a significantly increased frequency of skin and airway symptoms, as well as headache, in comparison with the unexposed group. A dose-response relationship between the frequency of exposure and the number of symptoms could also be demonstrated. No case of contact allergy to glutaraldehyde was found.
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PMID:Skin and respiratory symptoms from exposure to alkaline glutaraldehyde in medical services. 297 45

Sclerosing peritonitis has recently emerged as a complication of peritoneal dialysis associated with a high morbidity and mortality. These patients experience the characteristic syndrome of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, partial small bowel obstruction, and impaired ultrafiltration. A pathologic finding is the replacement of mesothelial cells with a thick layer of nondistensible fibroconnective tissue. We report here a 58-year-old white woman who developed peritoneal sclerosis after 4 years of peritoneal dialysis, including 3 years of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Risk factors included peritoneal exposure to low concentrations of formaldehyde and a 1-week exposure to long-dwell acetate dialysate. Laparotomy for partial small bowel obstruction with resection of the involved segment was complicated by enterocutaneous fistulae, which improved only on cessation of oral intake and treatment with home parenteral nutrition. We have reviewed the literature to find 20 cases of sclerosing peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis. A 78% mortality rate is reported in cases that had surgical intervention. We conclude that the use of long-term parenteral nutrition with cessation of oral intake may be necessary in the management of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis.
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PMID:Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis: report of a case with small bowel obstruction managed by long-term home parenteral hyperalimentation, and a review of the literature. 308 87

A family with chronic exposure to formaldehyde in a renovated apartment is reported. The source of exposure proved to be chipboard. The family members' symptoms were eye and upper airway irritation, malaise, headache, nausea, sleeping disturbances, irritability and lack of appetite. At first the syndrome was thought to be psychosomatic and the correct diagnosis was overlooked. Ten years after beginning of the chronic exposure a formaldehyde level of 0.35 ppm was still recorded in the apartment. Sources, symptoms and diagnosis of chronic formaldehyde immission are discussed.
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PMID:[Chronic formaldehyde exposure--a misunderstood disease?]. 337 85

Formaldehyde is but one of many chemicals capable of causing the tight building syndrome or environmentally induced illness (EI). The spectrum of symptoms it may induce includes attacks of headache, flushing, laryngitis, dizziness, nausea, extreme weakness, arthralgia, unwarranted depression, dysphonia, exhaustion, inability to think clearly, arrhythmia or muscle spasms. The nonspecificity of such symptoms can baffle physicians from many specialties. Presented herein is a simple office method for demonstrating that formaldehyde is among the etiologic agents triggering these symptoms. The very symptoms that patients complain of can be provoked within minutes, and subsequently abolished, with an intradermal injection of the appropriate strength of formaldehyde. This injection aids in convincing the patient of the cause of the symptoms so he can initiate measures to bring his disease under control.
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PMID:Diagnosing the tight building syndrome. 344 98

A 17-year-old female weighing 37 kg and 140 cm in height was referred to our hospital for evaluation of dwarfism and primary amenorrhea. She was delivered with 3350 g in weight and 50 cm in height after a ten month pregnancy without complications. No abnormal findings were revealed in physical appearance except critomegaly. Episodes of nausea, vomiting and dehydration were rare throughout her childhood, but she had a tendency to salt craving. At the age of 14, her height was 140 cm. On admission, her physical development was markedly retarded for her age, except external genitalia. Diffuse pigmentations on the trunk and extremities were observed. Her blood pressure was normal (112/62 mm Hg). Serum potassium concentration was 2.9 mEq/L. Arterial-blood gas analysis revealed metabolic alkalosis. Both of renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone concentration (PAC) in plasma at rest were markedly elevated to 15.5 ng/ml/h and 107.1 ng/dl, respectively. The plasma concentrations of pregnenolone (1449 ng/dl), progesterone (178 ng/dl), 17-OH-pregnenolone (1613 ng/dl), 17-OH-progesterone (180 ng/dl), dehydroepiandrosterone (3706 ng/dl), androstendione (824.6 ng/dl) and testosterone (900 ng/dl) were high, whereas deoxycorticosterone (15.7 ng/dl), corticosterone (0.65 microgram/dl) and cortisol (6.8 micrograms/dl) were within normal limits. Urinary 17-KS excretion showed high levels between 65.7 and 109.4 mg/day, while urinary 17-OHCS excretion was normal (5.7-7.0 mg/day). Vascular response to angiotensin II (A-II) was attenuated. Distal fractional chloride reabsorption was decreased (CH2O/CH2O+CCl = 0.62, normal: 0.92 +/- 0.04). Moderate hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular cells was demonstrated in biopsy specimen of the kidney. Cytogenetic studies showed a 46, XX chromosome constitution with translocation of the long arm of chromosome 6 to the short arm of chromosome 9. Her mother as well as younger brother and sister, whose electrolytes and arterial-blood gas analysis showed normal values, had chromosomes with the same translocation. Treatment with dexamethasone (2 mg/day) reduced every adrenal steroids to normal range, but PRA and PAC remained high levels. Furthermore, neither hypokalemic alkalosis nor vasoreactivity to exogenous A-II was improved. Indomethacin (75 mg/day) decreased urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 from a high level of 738.4 ng/day to 433.4 ng/day and normalized metabolic alkalosis. Vascular response to A-II was moderately improved. However, serum potassium remained low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of 21-hydroxylase deficiency and Bartter's syndrome associated with a balanced 6-9 translocation]. 349 Oct 9

The relation between in vitro production of HeLa cell cytotoxin by strains of Shigella and clinical symptomatology was determined for 35 travelers from the United States who developed shigellosis in Guadalajara, Mexico. There were 25 patients with Shigella sonnei, eight with Shigella flexneri, one with Shigella boydii, and one with Shigella dysenteriae. These strains were evaluated for in vitro production of cytotoxin. The amount of cytotoxin did not correlate with the number of stools passed, the severity of abdominal pain, or the presence of nausea or vomiting. However, patients with strains of Shigella that produced more cytotoxic activity were more likely to have fever (P less than .02) and occult blood in their stools (P less than .004). The cytotoxicity produced by 30 (86%) strains could not be neutralized with rabbit antiserum to purified, formaldehyde-treated Shiga toxin from S. dysenteriae type 1 strain 60 R; the cytotoxicity of five (14%) of the strains was partially neutralized. When only nonneutralizable cytotoxin was considered, the presence of fecal leukocytes (P less than .04), as well as of occult blood (P less than .002) and fever (P less than .02), correlated with the amount of cytotoxin. The amount of nonneutralizable cytotoxin produced by shigella strains was related to the clinical findings. This cytotoxic activity was infrequently attributable to "Shiga toxin".
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PMID:The relation between production of cytotoxin and clinical features in shigellosis. 351 88

Low formaldehyd-concentrations were measured in three Cologne schools (mean 1 = 0,4425; mean 2 = 0,5725; mean 3 = 0,1292 ppm). As the main sources of emission were identified formaldehyd-urea-bound chip-plates in acoustic-ceilings and wainscots. To study the connection between the complaints of pupils and CH20-emissions 1594 pupils of these schools were questioned using a specially elaborated questionnaire. The questions concerned multiple complaints and disturbances of health as well as their anamnesis in chronological relationship with school attendance. Compared to controls consisting of 497 pupils of a school, where no CH2O-emitting chip-plates were used, the inquiry showed a significant increase (p less than 0,00005) of so-called functional disturbances (headache, disorder of concentrating ability, dizziness, nausea), affections of the respiratory tract (irritation of the mucosa of the nose and the pharynx, dry cough) and irritation of the conjunctiva. In regard to the anamneses, the difference between the investigation-group and the control-group was even more significant and additional complaints such as somnipathy, abdominal pain, skin disease were observed frequently. Comparing the normal distribution of so-called functional disturbances in pupils found in literature, the examined group of this study showed an even higher rate of the relative accumulation. The repeated investigation in one school (n = 328) 8 months after removal of the emission-sources demonstrated a very clear reduction of complaints by an average of 71,2 per cent.
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PMID:[Damages to health in schools. Complaints caused by the use of formaldehyde-emitting materials in school buildings]. 737 30


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