Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixteen patients with Hodgkin's (10) and non-Hodgkin's (6) lymphoma were treated by the "ABCD scheme", which is a combination of adriamycin (25-30 mg/m2 day 1), bleomycin (15 mg day 1-5), CCNU (60 mg/m2 day 1) and DIC (90-100 mg/m2 day 1-5). 15 results are evaluable and included 5 complete remissions, 5 partial remissions, 2 stabilizations, 2 progressions and 1 early death (remission rate: 66%). 45 ABCD courses were given. 8 patients received more than one course (maximum 7 courses). Toxicity was tolerable and consisted mainly of myelodepression, nausea, vomiting and muco-cutaneous alterations. Two patients died following toxicity, one from myelosuppression and the other from interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. The results suggest that this combination can be useful where the usual chemotherapy combination fails.
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PMID:[Simultaneous combination of adriamycin, bleomycin, cyclohexyl-chloroethyl nitrosourea with dimethyl-triazeno imidazole carboxamide in the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma]. 6 45

15 patients with malignant lymphomas (stage III B or IV) who had become resistant to previous combination chemotherapy were treated with DTIC. The drug was administered intravenously as a single agent in doses of 300 mg/m2 on 5 consecutive days, once a month. The results demonstrate good responses in Hodgkin's disease, while in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas only incomplete and short remissions or failures were recorded. The only untoward side effects were nausea, vomiting and pain in the vein during the injection.
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PMID:Imidazole carboxamide (DTIC) in the treatment of advanced lymphomas. Efficacy of DTIC in cases which fail to respond to conventional chemotherupetic combinations. 6 32

Sixty adult patients with disseminated melanoma refractory to DTIC or Dacarbazine were given chemoimmunotherapy with intermittent high single dose Actinomycin-D and Levamisole. Actinomycin-D was given at a dose of 1.5-2.0 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 to 4 weeks. Levamisole was given in a dose of 150 mg/day for two consecutive days each week (50 patients) and in a dose of 200 mg every other day (10 patients). Antitumor responses consisted of 2% complete remissions (CR), 2% partial remissions (PR), and 33% disease improvement less than PR or stabilization (S). Comparison of these patients who received Actinomycin-D + Levamisole with those on an immediately preceding study in a similar population where Actinomycin-D was given as a single agent revealed no difference in response rates. Patients who responded to Actinomycin-D + Levamisole (CR + PR + S) survived significantly longer (35 weeks) than nonresponders (12 weeks, p less than 0.01). Survival was not longer (p less than .05) in responding patients (CR + PR + S) receiving Actinomycin-D + Levamisole (35 weeks) compared to those responding to Actinomycin-D alone (18 weeks, p = 0.09). Hematologic toxicity was tolerable with median lowest granulocyte counts of 1.6 x 10(3)/microliter and platelet counts of 134,000/microliter. Other toxic effects were predominantly nausea, vomiting, and mucositis. In those patients who received alternate day Levamisole there was greater gastrointestinal upset as well as fever, rash and central nervous system toxicity which was unacceptable.
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PMID:Actinomycin-D, levamisole chemoimmunotherapy of refractory malignant melanoma. 44 22

In a phase I study, the best antitumor/toxicity ratio for DTIC was reported to be at a dose of 250 mg/m2/day X 5 repeated at 28-day intervals. Nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia were the major toxic effects noted. The best responses were seen in disseminated melanoma (19%), various sarcomas (22%), and Hodgkin's disease. A subsequent phase II study in refractory lymphomas showed a response rate in Hodgkin's disease of 56%. In disseminated melanomas, DTIC was then combined with vincristine and BCNU and demonstrated a response rate of 23% which did not improve with the addition of chlorpromazine (23%). A response rate of 31% was seen with the combination of DTIC, BCNU, and hydroxyurea which did not improve with the addition of vincristine (30%). Responders had a more significant survival rate as compared to nonresponders.
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PMID:DTIC (NSC-45388) studies in the southwest oncology group. 76 72

Combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and DTIC was used in 102 evaluable patients under 15 years of age who had previously treated metastatic solid tumors. Responses, defined as 50% or more reduction in all tumor masses, occurred in 10 out of 27 patients with neuroblastoma, 3 out of 8 patients with Wilms tumor, 7 out 15 patients with Ewing sarcoma, 2 out of 6 patients with osteosarcoma, 5 out of 13 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, and 15 out of 33 patients with miscellaneous tumors which included a patient who had a complete regression of an extensive juvenile angiofibroma. Response rate to combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and DTIC in patients with Ewing sarcoma was significantly superior to the response rate obtained with adriamycin alone in another Southwest Oncology Group Study. Major toxicity included nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, high incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (5 patients) and congestive heart failure (4 patients). There was 7 drug-associated deaths due to sepsis (1), pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (4), and congestive heart failure (2).
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with adramycin (NSC-123127) and dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide (DTIC) (NSC-45388) in children with metastatic solid tumors. 95 60

During the 9-year period from 1982 to 1991, 72 patients with melanoma were treated with a 5-day quadruple drug chemotherapy regime (BELD) comprising bleomycin, vindesine (Eldesine), CCNU (Lomustine) and DTIC. Forty-three patients had stage III melanoma, 34 of whom had evaluable disease. Of these 34, six (17.6%) achieved a complete response (CR), eight (23.5%) had a partial response (PR), five (14.7%) had stabilized disease (SD) and 15 (44.1%) had progressive disease (PD). Overall median survival of stage III melanoma patients was 38 weeks. Median survival of responders (CR + PR) was 47 weeks and 21 weeks for non-responders (SD + PD) (P < 0.005). Median follow-up time was 38 weeks. Following these encouraging results, 30 patients with stage II melanoma received BELD chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy after regional node dissection and clearance. Adjuvant BELD chemotherapy did not alter survival in these patients. BELD combination chemotherapy is well-tolerated, the main problems being nausea, vomiting, and leucopenia. We have maintained a combined response rate (CR + PR) of 41.1% for stage III disease. This is comparable with other combination chemotherapy regimes, which have as yet not been superseded by the newer biological therapies.
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PMID:Nine years' experience of BELD combination chemotherapy (bleomycin, vindesine, CCNU and DTIC) for metastatic melanoma. 128 72

The metabolism of serotonin was studied in cancer patients of their first day of their first course of chemotherapeutic drugs either with strongly or moderately emetogenic regimens. It was observed that strongly emetogenic treatments induce greater increases in serotonin release than moderately emetogenic regimens. High-dose cisplatinum (75 +/- 5 or 83.8 +/- 5 mg m-2) produced a marked increase in the plasma levels and in the urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA). Neither platelet nor plasma (platelet-free plasma) serotonin were significantly modified by high-dose cisplatinum. Dacarbazine (283 +/- 22 mg m-2), another strongly emetogenic agent, induced acute nausea and emesis paralleled by marked increases in the urinary excretion of 5-HIAA. Both for high-dose cisplatinum and dacarbazine, the increases in serotonin metabolism occurred with a similar time-course than those of vomiting, and lasted for a period of 4 to 8 h. Low-dose cisplatinum (30.8 +/- 3 mg m-2) as well as cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapies (520 +/- 30 mg m-2) produced very small increases in the urinary excretion of 5-HIAA. Platelet and plasma serotonin levels failed to increase in cyclophosphamide-treated patients. Octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analog, did not inhibit the increase in urinary 5-HIAA and the nausea and vomiting produced by high-dose cisplatinum. These results suggest that for treatments that induce marked increases in serotonin release such as high-dose cisplatinum or dacarbazine: (a) the amount and time course of serotonin release induced by chemotherapeutic drugs determines the severity, time of onset and pattern of emesis observed; (b) platelet serotonin play no role in chemotherapy-induced emesis; (c) strongly emetogenic regimens release serotonin from enterochromaffin cells; and (d) intestinal release of serotonin is the consequence of the damage induced by the chemotherapeutic drugs on the gut mucosa.
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PMID:Changes in serotonin metabolism in cancer patients: its relationship to nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. 137 60

To date, dacarbazine (DTIC) has been the most effective drug in the treatment of advanced metastatic melanoma, achieving response rates of up to 28% (mean, 21%). Multidrug responses were generally no better than those obtained using monotherapy. A quite promising clinical trial was conducted using the new nitrosourea fotemustine. A total of 19 patients presenting with advanced malignant melanoma (clinical stage IV according to the 1987 UICC classification system) underwent treatment involving a more rapid infusion of the drug and a reduction in the rest period from 5 to 3 weeks. This monotherapy with fotemustine yielded two complete responses and seven partial responses; in addition, four patients showed no change and six cases progressed after the induction cycle (median duration of response to date, 7.6 months, including four cases that have not relapsed). Fotemustine was well tolerated by the patients, with the only mild side effects being thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia and easily controlled nausea/vomiting. Preclinical studies performed previously indicated that fotemustine inhibits enzymes involved in the ribonucleotide reduction pathway (i.e. DNA synthesis), whereby responding patients (n = 3) appeared to favor the thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin electron transfer to ribonucleotide reductase, whereas non-responders (n = 4) expressed the alternate glutathione reductase/glutaredoxin mechanism. The 47% response rate obtained in these studies vs the 24% reported previously for fotemustine may reflect variations in enzymes in the ribonucleotide reduction pathway in different patients. However, the efficacy of fotemustine against advanced melanoma warrants more extensive trials of this drug, especially since the quality of life of the patients during and after chemotherapy was not severely affected.
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PMID:Positive phase II study in the treatment of advanced malignant melanoma with fotemustine. 174 55

The syndrome of haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP Syndrome) is a consequence of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia. The clinical course is characterized by an unusual presentation with abdominal pain, and manifestations of inadequate haemostasis and excessive bleeding are common. Maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality are high. We report our experience with 33 patients over a five-year period. The mean gestational age (GA) of the pregnancies was 34 +/- 2.8 wk including 11 patients who delivered 12 neonates of less than 34 wk GA. The most common presenting complaints were right upper quadrant or epigastric pain in 25 patients (76%) and nausea or vomiting in 14 patients (42%). Diagnosis was missed or delayed in 12 patients (36%). Thirty-one patients (94%) were delivered by Caesarean section and a deteriorating maternal condition was the most common indication for operative delivery. Twenty-three patients received general anaesthesia, eight received epidural anaesthesia and there were no complications related to the anaesthetic. There was clinical evidence of abnormal haemostasis: seven patients had excessive blood loss at Caesarean section, two had postpartum haemorrhage, three developed DIC and four developed wound haematoma. The average decrease in haemoglobin concentration was 32 g.L-1 and twelve patients (36%) received blood transfusions. There was one stillbirth. There were no neonatal deaths but morbidity was prominent and related primarily to prematurity. Delayed or missed diagnosis is common in HELLP syndrome and a premature delivery by Caesarean section is usual.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Obstetrical anaesthesia for patients with the syndrome of haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets. 173 44

Two cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysm with severe DIC were reported. One case recovered due to early treatment. A 65-year-old man was admitted to our hospital in June, 1987 because he was suffering from sudden severe headache and nausea. On admission, CT-scan angiograms disclosed moderate subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and probable ruptured anterior communicating aneurysm. However definitive diagnosis was not made at that time. On the 15th day after SAH, he had high fever and low blood arterial pressure. His laboratory findings were consistent with DIC, and therapy of FOY was then started with transfusion of fresh blood two days after. His laboratory findings and clinical status improved gradually and he underwent uneventful operation of the aneurysm on the 42nd day after SAH. Another case concerns a 71-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital in June, 1988 because she had lost consciousness. On admission, CT-scan disclosed severe SAH and next day an operation was performed. On the 6th day after SAH, she showed clinical and laboratory evidence of severe DIC and died two days later. The association between DIC and ruptured intracranial aneurysms have been rarely mentioned in past reports. But the association might occur more frequently than we have supposed, and so more immediate and careful diagnosis and proper treatment for DIC should be given.
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PMID:[Studies of two cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysm with disseminated intravascular coagulation]. 251 15


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