Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-two patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with carboplatin (300, 350 or 400 mg/m2) and 21 days of oral etoposide (50 mg/m2/day). Thirty-three patients were evaluable for response (too early to assess the remaining patients) and 9 patients (27%) achieved a partial remission. Median survival was 29 weeks (range, 4+ to 71+ weeks). The primary toxicity was myelosuppression. Leukocyte and platelet count nadirs occurred between days 22 and 29. In cycle 1, median leukocyte nadir was 2.8 x 10(9)/l and the platelet nadir was 142 x 10(9)/l. Nonhematologic toxicities were modest and included alopecia in all patients, mild nausea, mild to moderate diarrhea, and an occasional increase in serum creatinine. Carboplatin plus oral etoposide is a tolerable outpatient regimen with modest activity against unresectable NSCLC.
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PMID:Carboplatin plus oral etoposide in the management of unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. Preliminary results of a Vanderbilt trial. 132 13

Cisplatin has played a major role in the treatment of germ cell tumors. However, it causes renal damage, severe nausea and vomiting. It is also neurotoxic and ototoxic. Carboplatin is an analog of cisplatin which, does not cause renal damage at therapeutic doses. It is not neurotoxic or ototoxic and it produces less gastrointestinal toxicity than cisplatin. We used carboplatin alone as an initial chemotherapy in a 36-year-old man with stage IIB seminoma. Following left radical orchiectomy the patient received 4 courses of carboplatin chemotherapy. After the first course of chemotherapy, tumor markers (LDH, beta-HCG) returned to the normal range. After 4 courses, the size of the retroperitoneal metastases was significantly reduced. The toxicity of 4 courses of carboplatin chemotherapy was generally milder than that of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapies such as PVB or VAB-6. There were no episodes of septicemia, thrombocytopenic bleeding or renal deterioration. The patient did not suffer from alopecia, neuropathy, symptomatic hearing loss, severe nausea or vomiting. Nine months after the completion of carboplatin chemotherapy, the patient remains well and free from disease progression. This case strongly suggests that single agent carboplatin therapy could be an effective and less-toxic treatment for advanced seminoma.
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PMID:[A case of advanced seminoma treated effectively with single agent carboplatin therapy]. 156 62

60 patients with advanced carcinomas of the oropharynx and hypopharynx underwent chemotherapy, either with 5-FU/Cisplatin (n = 30) or with 5-FU/Carboplatin (n = 30). The remission-rates (complete and partial remissions) were comparable in both groups. The rate of complete remissions, however, was statistically significant higher in the cisplatinum group (6 patients) than in the carboplatinum group (1 patient). 2 patients of the 5-FU/Cis-group and 4 patients of the 5-FU/Carbo-group developed a progressive disease during chemotherapy. Statistically significant differences were found in the nephrotoxic and myelotoxic side effects between both therapy groups: nephrotoxic side effects were more frequent in the 5-FU/Cis-group, whereas myelotoxic side effects occurred mainly in the 5-FU/Carbo-group. The chemotherapy with 5-FU/Carboplatin was better tolerated by the patients than in the 5-FU/Cisplatinum-group. In the 5-FU/Carbo-group especially a lower rate and severity of loss in weight, nausea, vomiting, alopecia and mucositis/stomatitis was observed. No statistically significant differences were found in ototoxic side effects between both groups.
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PMID:[Antineoplastic effectiveness and unwanted side effects of polychemotherapy of extensive oro- and hypopharyngeal cancers--results of a prospective therapy study with 5-FU/cisplatin versus 5-FU/carboplatin]. 161 47

Carboplatin, a new analogue of cisplatin, was administered into the serous cavity in nine primary lung cancer patients with malignant effusion, consisting of six malignant pleural effusions, two malignant pericardial effusions and one malignant ascites. Clinical effects, toxicities and pharmacokinetics were studied. The doses of carboplatin were 300 mg/m2 in seven patients, 200 mg/m2 in one patient and 1,100 mg/body in one patient. In seven evaluable patients, consisting of four non-small cell lung cancers and three small cell lung cancers, the response rate was 85.7% with 3 CR cases, 3 PR cases and 1 NR case. As toxicities, thrombocytopenia was observed in 57.1%, leukopenia in 57.1%, anemia in 71.4%, anorexia in 42.9%, nausea or vomiting in 28.6%, and low grade fever in 14.3%. However local pain, renal or liver dysfunction were not observed. The pharmacokinetics of free platinum concentration was analyzed with a two-compartment model (t1/2 beta = 18.60 hours) and 14.8% of total platinum remained free in effusion 24 hours after intracavitary administration. A high level of free platinum in effusion was maintained over a long period after carboplatin administration. This method was considered to be effective for the treatment of malignant effusion from the viewpoint of pharmacokinetics and less toxicity.
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PMID:[Evaluation of carboplatin administration into the serous cavity in the treatment of malignant effusion]. 187 19

Due to the favourable results previously obtained with cisplatin in breast cancer (54% response rate), we studied a second-generation platinum analogue, carboplatin, in patients with previously untreated breast cancer. A total of 20 patients were entered in the study and all were evaluable. The median age was 57 years and all patients were in menopause. Karnofsky scores of 80-100 and 40-70 were registered in 14 and 6 cases, respectively. The predominant metastatic site was soft tissue in 12 subjects, visceral organs in 5 and bone in 3; 14 patients had greater than 2 metastatic sites. Carboplatin was given i.v. at a dose of 400 mg/m2 on day 1, with a 3-week rest period. In 13 patients who did not respond or whose disease recurred after carboplatin treatment, the CMFVP, CAP or FAC regimen was given as second line treatment. Carboplatin activity was observed in 4 patients [2 complete remissions (CRs) and 2 partial responses (PRs)], for a response rate of 20% (4/20); the 2 PRs were observed in soft tissue and bone and the 2 CRs, in lung, liver and bone. Remission lasted 2-10 months (mean, 4 months). CMFVP given as second-line chemotherapy to 13 patients produced 7 PRs (7/13, 54%). Toxicity was moderate, producing no drug-related deaths. Anemia (grade I-II) was recorded in seven patients; grade I-II leukopenia, in six; and grade III-IV leukopenia in two (median leukocyte nadir, 1,600/mm3). Thrombocytopenia was observed in three cases (grades I, II and III; median platelet nadir, 47,800/mm3). Unpleasant nausea/vomiting was pronounced (12 cases of grade III-IV) in 19 subjects. There were no cases of neuro- or nephrotoxicity. Due to permanent myelosuppression, no more than five cycles could be given. Our study showed that, unlike cisplatin, carboplatin given at a dose of 400 mg/m2 has low antitumorigenic activity in breast cancer patients and produces pronounced myelotoxicity. Additional first-line chemotherapy studies using carboplatin are needed to define the antitumorigenic activity of this platinum analogue.
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PMID:Carboplatin activity in untreated metastatic breast cancer patients--results of a phase II study. 199 4

Carboplatin, a cisplatin analog without significant clinical nephrotoxicity, has been evaluated in the treatment of 56 patients with small cell lung carcinoma at a dose of 300-400 mg/m2 iv monthly in a phase II study. Twenty-three patients (41%) achieved a response, including five (9%) complete remissions. Of 30 previously untreated patients, 18 (60%) achieved a response, including three (10%) complete remissions. Median response duration was 4.5 months (range, 2-9). No nephrotoxicity was seen and hydration was not required. Nausea or vomiting occurred in only 24 patients (43%) and was rarely severe. Myelosuppression was dose-limiting: 20 patients (36%) developed leukopenia and eight (14%) developed thrombocytopenia, but leukopenic infections occurred in only three patients. Carboplatin is a very active new agent in the treatment of small cell lung cancer, with less toxicity and better tolerance than cisplatin. It merits further investigation in combination chemotherapy and against non-small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Carboplatin: a very active new cisplatin analog in the treatment of small cell lung cancer. 298 20

Carboplatin, a cisplatin analogue without significant nephrotoxicity, was used as a single agent in the treatment of 56 patients with small cell lung carcinoma at a dose of 300-400 mg/m2 i.v. monthly. Twenty-three patients (41%) achieved a response including 5 (9%) complete remissions. Eighteen (60%) of 30 previously untreated patients achieved a response. The drug was well tolerated with nausea or vomiting in only 43% of patients and no nephrotoxicity was seen. Myelosuppression was dose limiting and 39% of patients developed leukopenia. In a subsequent study carboplatin in a dose of 300 mg/m2 was used in combination with etoposide 100 mg/m2 i.v. days 1-3, repeating monthly for 4 courses. So far 32 (89%) of 36 evaluable patients have achieved a response. In patients with limited disease 20/23 patients (87%) have responded including 7 (30%) complete remissions. Leukopenia was dose limiting and occurred in 83% of patients. Carboplatin is a highly active new drug in the treatment of small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Carboplatin (JM8) as a single agent and in combination in the treatment of small cell lung cancer. 300 24

Chemotherapeutic regimens containing Cisplatin are the most effective in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Because of the high rate of dose-limiting side effects of Cisplatin, Carboplatin, a second generation Cisplatin analog, was tested in a phase II trial with 5-FU on 55 previously untreated patients with advanced carcinoma of the head and neck. The results of the completed study are: 33% CR, 54% PR, 10% NR and 4% PD. Toxic side effects were tolerable myelotoxicity as with Cisplatin/5FU, mild nausea, vomiting and nephrotoxicity. No ototoxicity was seen. Most patients showed better performance status after chemotherapy with increased body weight. These results indicate that Carboplatin/5-FU is more effective and has milder side effects than Cisplatin/5-FU.
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PMID:[Results of a phase II study with the new cytostatic drug carboplatin in combination with 5-fluorouracil in the primary treatment of advanced squamous cell cancers of the head and neck]. 306 15

Cis-platinum causes profound gastrointestinal symptoms in patients and these may persist for many days after drug administration. Gut mucosal toxicity may be a factor in the pathogenesis of such prolonged nausea, vomiting and anorexia. The effects of cis-platinum on mouse ileal mucosal architecture, villus epithelial cell influx and disaccharidase activity are described in comparison with dhe effects of two platinum analogues, CBDCA and CHIP. In addition the effect of dexamethasone, a useful drug in the palliation of cis-platinum-induced emesis, in combination with cis-platinum is described. Cis-platinum, CBDCA and CHIP cause profound reduction in crypt cell production rate (CCPR) and thus villus epithelial cell influx within hours of administration leading to villus stunting and diminished function. CBDCA showed the least profound effect with early rebound in CCPR by day 3. Cis-platinum and CHIP were roughly equitoxic to ileal crypts with rebound in CCPR being delayed until day 7. Similarly, CBDCA caused least reduction in disaccharidase activity with cis-platinum and CHIP being equitoxic. The addition of dexamethasone had no protective effect on the effects of cis-platinum on murine ileal mucosa and mice given the combination chronically had no weight gain over 18 weeks, their weight paralleling those receiving cis-platinum alone. The platinate compounds have differing degrees of intestinal mucosal toxicity but no direct inference can be drawn in respect to the clinical situation where CBDCA causes less gastrointestinal symptomatology than CHIP but where both cause less than cis-platinum. Dexamethasone does not act by mucosal protection to provide its useful effects in prolonged cis-platinum-induced gastrointestinal symptoms.
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PMID:Small intestinal mucosal toxicity of cis-platinum--comparison of toxicity with platinum analogues and dexamethasone. 351 92

Because of the clinical activity of carboplatin in several types of tumors, this drug was studied in a phase II trial of 25 patients with advanced head and neck cancer [stage IV (M0)] without prior treatment. Six patients (24%) achieved objective response, including two patients with complete response. Carboplatin toxicity was mild in most patients, with nausea, vomiting, and myelosuppression being the most frequent side effects. No renal or neurologic toxicity was observed. Further trials of carboplatin in advanced head and neck cancer are warranted.
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PMID:Carboplatin, an active drug in advanced head and neck cancer. 353 Apr 43


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