Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of 2 doses of nefopam, d-amphetamine, pentazocine, and placebo were studied in healthy male sleep-deprived volunteers to determine whether the drugs improved or impaired coordination and whether they induced subjective effects. A critical tracking task was used to study hand-eye coordination. D-amphetamine, 10 mg orally, significantly improved tracking performance and made subjects feel better able to perform tasks but more anxious. It also made them feel more alert, steady, sociable, and strong. Pentazocine, 45 mg intramuscularly, caused deterioration in tracking performance and was followed by reports of depression, gloominess, dreaminess, nausea, and injection site pain. There was no significant change in tracking performance or subjective effects after both doses of nefopam and placebo.
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PMID:Effects of nefopam on visual tracking. 48 93

Pentazocine (Talwin) originally was believed to be a safe, nonaddictive analgesic, but further experience has shown that severe mental and emotional disturbance, as well as addiction, may occur. This survey documents the experience in the Texas Medical Center and elsewhere. The accumulated data show the following: (1) Depressive states are reported most frequently, while toxic psychoses, hallucinogenic reactions with panic, and paranoid states on withdrawal of the drug are less frequent. (2) Of the 197 cases of addiction reported to date, only six were related to oral use of the drug. The abstinence syndrome is mild, consisting usually of restlessness, nausea, cramps, and insomnia. (3) Convulsions have been reported on four occasions. Euphoria and psychotomimetic effects may relate to rapid release of noradrenaline and dopamine. Oral use of the drug is advised to avoid euphoriant effects and addiction, and physicians should alert patients to report unusual visual phenomena. Tranquilizers are of value in cases of severe reactions.
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PMID:Mental and emotional disturbance with pentazocine (Talwin) use. 115 70

The opioid agonist-antagonists are a heterogeneous group of compounds capable of providing analgesia sufficient to treat moderate to severe acute pain. Pentazocine, butorphanol and nalbuphine produce subjective effects which are quite different from those of morphine. Lack of mood elevation and occasional dysphoria may contribute to a lower level of patient acceptance, but all of these analgesics are significantly safer than the pure agonists. Doses in the therapeutic range are unlikely to produce dangerous levels of respiratory depression in most patients. Other opioid side-effects such as nausea, constipation and biliary spasm appear to be less frequent as well. The mu partial agonist buprenorphine shares many of the safety advantages of the older drugs, and its subjective effects appear more morphine-like. It is not clear whether mu partial agonists have real clinical advantages over kappa-type analgesics. All of these drugs are opioid antagonists and are able to precipitate abstinence in individuals with significant prior exposure to opiates. Neither absolute potency nor the ratio of agonist to antagonist effect are predictors of therapeutic usefulness. There is now an enormous amount of clinical experience with the agonist-antagonists. In many, but not all, clinical situations they are acceptable alternatives to the morphine-like drugs.
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PMID:The clinical usefulness of agonist-antagonist analgesics in acute pain. 289 87

1. This double-blind, random-order study was designed to compare the clinical effects and the plasma catecholamine responses after i.v. administration of meptazinol at doses 0.7 and 1.4 mg kg-1, pentazocine at doses 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg-1 and saline placebo to six healthy volunteers. 2. Mean arterial pressure was not affected by either drug. Heart rate showed slight drug-related changes. Respiratory rate fell slightly with both drugs, but independently of dose. 3. The critical flicker fusion threshold-test and Maddox wing readings could both clearly differentiate active drugs from placebo. Meptazinol caused more nausea and dysphoria as expressed with visual analogue scales. Both analgesics caused short-lived feelings of euphoria. 4. After pentazocine plasma noradrenaline increased almost two-fold in 10-20 min. The effect of meptazinol was slightly smaller, whereas meptazinol caused a pronounced increase in plasma adrenaline concentrations in two of six subjects. Pentazocine had a smaller, but significant effect on plasma adrenaline. 5. We conclude that the effects of meptazinol in healthy volunteers do not differ markedly from those of pentazocine, although it may cause more nausea and dysphoria. The pronounced increase in plasma adrenaline concentrations in two of six subjects calls for caution in its use in patients with cardiac diseases.
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PMID:Meptazinol and pentazocine: plasma catecholamines and other effects in healthy volunteers. 344 93

Pentazocine or pethidine was administered to healthy parturients up to the time of delivery using a self-demand (self-administration on demand) intravenous apparatus, the Cardiff Palliator. Good analgesia was obtained with both drugs. The patients receiving pethidine exhibited side-effects (nausea, vomiting and drowsiness), whereas there were no side-effects among those receiving pentazocine. Apgar and neurobehavioural scores of the babies of mothers in both groups were the same and did not differ from those of a third group of babies, the mothers of whom had received 4-hourly intramuscular pethidine on demand according to the usual hospital routine. The self-administration technique proved a safe and effective means of providing analgesia during labour and delivery, with pentazocine having a decided advantage over pethidine because of its lack of side-effects.
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PMID:Self-administered intravenous analgesia during labour. A comparison between pentazocine and pethidine. 399 3

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA, intravenous self-application of narcotics) was studied during the early postoperative period. Subjects were 40 ASA I-III patients recovering from elective major and minor surgery (each 20 having undergone abdominal or orthopaedic operations). Pentazocine bolusses of each 8 mg were available via a hand-button whenever the patients felt pain relief necessary, and delivered by a microprocessor-controlled injection pump (On-Demand Analgesia Computer, ODAC). Hourly maximum dose was set to 60 mg with a pump refractory time of 1 min between valid demands. A continuous low-dose pentazocine infusion (1 mg/h) was additionally administered in order to prevent catheter obstruction. Duration of the PCA period was 20.3 +/- 5.9 h (mean, standard deviation). During this time, 20.0 +/- 12.7 demands per patient were recorded resulting in mean pentazocine consumption of 135.6 +/- 81.4 micrograms/kg/h. Self-administration was characterized by considerable intra- and interindividual variability. There were no statistically significant differences with regard of pentazocine consumption or pain relief between abdominal and orthopaedic patients, nor could any be demonstrated between the sexes. Similarly, no clear differences were found after various anaesthetic techniques (neuroleptanalgesia, halothane or spinal anaesthesia). Over-all efficacy and patient acceptance proved to be excellent. Effectiveness of PCA was judged superior by about 68% of patients when compared with previously experienced conventional postoperative analgesia. Side effects (nausea, emesis, sweating) occurred in about 10-18% but were usually of minor intensity. Circulatory or respiratory problems were not observed during the PCA period. Patient-controlled analgesia is discussed as a promising concept for the treatment of acute pain and clinical pain research.
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PMID:[Postoperative on-demand analgesia with pentazocine (Fortral)]. 409 11