Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using a 12-hour infusion of salmon synthetic calcitonin (S-CT), distinct and sustained inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion has been demonstrated in 4 normal subjects, 3 patients with peptic ulcer disease and 3 high risk patients. In 3 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, treated in the same way, elevated serum gastrin was reduced by about 50% and acid secretion by more than 90%. In healthy volunteers oral administration of human synthetic CT (H-CT) led to reduction in basal and pentagastrin-stimulated acid and pepsin secretion by about 50%, lasting for more than 2 hours after the instillation of CT. In 4 subjects receiving CT intravenously, slight nausea and headache were registered, while there were no side effects after the oral route. Serum calcium did not change after i.v. or oral administration of CT. Wheras therapeutical applications of CT, given by i.v. route, seem to be restricted to selected cases, i.e. acute gastric ulcerations with imminent or existent bleeding, the eventual benefit or orally administered CT in peptic ulcer disease should be evaluated in controlled long-term trials.
 ...
PMID:Long-term effects of calcitonin on gastric secretion in normals, peptic ulcer and high risk patients. 6 56

Hypercalcaemia would seem to be rare during immobilisation, whilst osteoporosis and hypercalciuria are constant. In fact, it often goes unnoticed. The case presented here confirms its predominance in the adolescent male. The reason for immobilisation seems to be irrelevant. The clinical symptoms are very variable: polydipsia, nausea, headache, apathy, anorexia. Blood calcium levels are raised, up to 14 mg%. This hypercalcaemia is due to very marked bone loss in adolescents, secondary to hyper-resorption and a temporary stoppage in osseous formation. The differential diagnosis from primary hyperparathyroidism is sometimes difficult but is aided by laboratory and histological findings. The essential is to consider the possibility of immobilisation hypercalcaemia in the presence of any suggestive symptoms in an immobilised adolescent. Treatment includes a return to weight bearing, adequate water intake and the administration of phosphorus, calcitonin, furosemide, and corticosteroids.
 ...
PMID:[Immobilisation hypercalcaemia (author's transl)]. 59 68

Although calcitonin and somatostatin are polypeptid hormones of entirely different structure, in pharmacological doses they possess a similar effect to secretions of stomach and pancreas. Given intravenously, they generally inhibit the basal secretion of organs, stimulated by pentagastrin or pancreozymin, as well as the contraction of the gallbladder. Orally, calcitonin also suppresses by direct contact the secretion of the stomach. While calcitonin in higher doses shows only very slight and tolerable side effects (nausea, headache), somatostatin acts suppressively on many other hormone-regulated systems. Apart from this, disturbances of blood coagulation in monkeys and man were observed, findings which necessitate very careful application. Therapeutical trials appear reasonable with calcitonin in treating acute pancreatitis, in prophylaxis and treatment of stress ulcers with the danger of bleeding, in intensive care medicine, in preoperative procedure of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome as well as in duodenal ulcers (oral calcitonin). Double blind studies are carried out at present to answer most of these questions (acute pancreatitis, stress ulcers, duodenal ulcers), results of which should definitely be awaited.
 ...
PMID:[Summary of work session 4: Effects of calcitonin and somatostatin on the stomach and pancreas--a possible therapeutic principle]. 82 14

Human calcitonin has proven to be an effective drug in the management of Paget's disease. Bone pain decreased in a high percentage of cases and biochemical indices improved in all but a few instances. Radiologic regression of the disease often was seen after several years of treatment. The drug has been uniformly effective when administered to patients who have develped resistance to porcine or salmon calcitonin due to circulating antibodies. The incidence of side effects, mainly facial flushing and nausea, was variable and uncommonly resulted in discontinuation of treatment. Further studies are required to establish the minimum effective dose.
 ...
PMID:Human calcitonin treatment of Paget's disease of bone. 91 95

A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study in 40 lumbar spinal stenosis patients with a 1-year follow-up showed that calcitonin had beneficial effects on the patients' symptoms without producing any notable side effects. Calcitonin had a clear analgesic effect. The mean of walking distance increased, but the crossover trend was not as good as the analgesic effect. Side effects such as erythema and nausea were usually mild and transient. Calcitonin therapy can be used as a conservative treatment in selected cases of lumbar spinal stenosis. When rest pain was mild or the walking distance was under 200-300 m because of neurogenic claudication, the effect of calcitonin seemed to be poor.
 ...
PMID:Calcitonin treatment in lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study with one-year follow-up. 159 76

The reports of the effect of calcitonin on pituitary function are confusing and often refer to uncontrolled studies. We have now carried out a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of intravenous and subcutaneous salmon calcitonin on anterior pituitary function in 17 healthy volunteers. Visual analogue scores for the nausea and vomiting seen after salmon calcitonin correlated with the rise in ACTH and, secondarily, cortisol. Calcitonin had no effect on growth hormone, prolactin, thyrotrophin, luteinizing hormone or follicle stimulating hormone. It is concluded that the stimulation of ACTH secretion following a single dose of salmon calcitonin is probably the result of the stress of nausea rather than a direct effect on the pituitary.
 ...
PMID:The effects on anterior pituitary hormone secretion of salmon calcitonin in healthy volunteers. 165 86

Possible local and systemic adverse effects following administration of salmon (sCT) and human (hCT) calcitonin (CT) have been evaluated in a double-blind, within-subject, comparative trial in 30 young, healthy volunteers. Each subject received 0.25 and 0.5 mg hCT and 100 IU sCT s.c.. Adverse effects and hypocalcaemia were recorded 1, 3 and 6 h after each injection. Significantly fewer local adverse reactions were observed after hCT (20 or 33%) than after sCT (80%), possibly due to the different vehicles employed (mannitol solution and acetic acid). The most frequent systemic adverse effects were gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting), which occurred in 80% after 1 h, independently of the CT--preparation used. Hypocalcaemic changes were generally small and lasted longer after sCT. It is concluded that the hCT preparations were better tolerated locally than sCT in young, healthy volunteers, and that there were no differences in the systemic side effects or hypocalcaemic activity.
 ...
PMID:Superior local tolerability of human versus salmon calcitonin preparations in young healthy volunteers. 174 38

We report our experience of the presentation and management of symptomatic hypercalcaemia in advanced lung cancer. Between 1981 and 1987, 55 patients required urgent admission due to rapid clinical deterioration accompanied by significant hypercalcaemia (greater than 2.75 mmol l-1). Forty patients (72%) had squamous cell cancer, five small cell, three large cell, two adenocarcinoma and five unclassified. Thirty-five had evidence of bony metastases. Symptoms were categorized for each patient on the basis of being either potentially attributable to hypercalcaemia or not. All patients were rehydrated but specific treatment schedules over the period varied [1981-1985: steroids, calcitonin, mithramycin; 1985-1987: aminohydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate (APD)]. Treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the prevalence of all systems except for pain and nausea/vomiting; the greatest effect being seen on central nervous system and renal tract symptoms (75 and 80% reduction respectively; P less than 0.005 pre- versus post-treatment). Overall, 45 patients (82%) had a biochemical response; serum calcium fell from 3.28 +/- 0.33 mmol l-1 (mean +/- SE) to a nadir of 2.54 +/- 0.36 mmol l-1 (P less than 0.001). Twenty-five (49%) patients were discharged home. We conclude that despite the poor life expectancy of this group of patients (median survival 42 days) treatment of hypercalcaemia is worthwhile as it results in a significant symptomatic improvement.
 ...
PMID:Symptomatic hypercalcaemia in lung cancer. 183 17

Clinical interest in salmon calcitonin began in 1972 when this peptide was shown to be effective in the treatment of Paget's disease. Salmon calcitonin is more potent than porcine calcitonin, with human calcitonin intermediate in potency. Salmon calcitonin is a highly effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of Paget's disease. During chronic treatment with salmon calcitonin, alkaline phosphatase activity and urinary hydroxyproline excretion decrease on an average of 50% in patients with Paget's disease. Patients may experience a variety of clinical benefits during chronic treatment, including relief of bone pain, a reversal of neurological deficits, stabilization or improvement of hearing loss, and improvement of vascularity of bone. Radiologic healing of osteolytic lesions in particularly striking with calcitonin treatment. Paget's disease patients prefer treatment with salmon calcitonin administered by means of a nasal spray. Salmon calcitonin has an excellent safety profile and produces mild side effects in a small percentage of patients. The most common side effects associated with salmon calcitonin administration are nausea and facial flushing. It is unusual to observe severe side effects. In about 20% of patients, production of antibodies may neutralize the effects of the exogenously administered calcitonin; these patients respond to human calcitonin. At this time salmon calcitonin should still be considered a valuable therapeutic agent in the treatment of Paget's disease, particularly in patients with osteolytic lesions.
 ...
PMID:Clinical efficacy of salmon calcitonin in Paget's disease of bone. 193 17

Forty postmenopausal women with a former Colles' fracture were enrolled in a 1-year study to determine the dose-effect relationship of nasal salmon calcitonin (SCT) on bone mass. They were randomized to receive either placebo, 50, 100, or 200 IU per day of SCT given as a nasal spray. The rate of change in the bone mineral content of the lumbar spine was 0.7, 0.2, 1.1, and 2.0 gHA per year, respectively, and the rate of change in the bone mineral content in the forearm was -0.4, -0.1, 0.0, and -0.1 AU per year, respectively. The rate of change in the bone mineral content of the lumbar spine in patients receiving 200 IU of SCT per day differed significantly from zero (P less than 0.01). Except for one patient, who experienced intolerable nausea, no systemic side effects were observed. Seven patients withdrew, two patients from nasal intolerance to the spray. These preliminary data suggest that SCT given by the nasal route has a positive and dose-dependent effect on spinal bone mass, but affects forearm bone mass only minimally.
 ...
PMID:Effect of different doses of nasal salmon calcitonin on bone mass. 205 14


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>