Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the antiemetic efficacy of high-dose methylprednisolone (MP) in previously untreated cancer patients receiving cisplatin (CPDD) for the first time, we performed a randomized double blind study. MP or a placebo (PLB) was administered six times during each course of chemotherapy. The first dose was 500 mg and all others, 250 mg. A total of 30 patients were included and studied during three chemotherapy courses. No significant differences were found between the MP- and PLB-treated group with respect to the number of emetic episodes and degree of nausea. There was also no difference for pain, appetite, nausea, vomiting, sleep, weakness, or energy level as analyzed by the use of a Linear Analog Self-Assessment (LASA) scale up to 7 days after chemotherapy. On the other hand, the assessment of well-being, anxiety, and mood favored the PLB group. We conclude that high-dose MP used as a single antiemetic medication against CPDD-induced nausea and vomiting is of only limited value or none at all.
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PMID:Methylprednisolone as an antiemetic drug. A randomised double blind study. 388 30

The effects of chemotherapy by single administration of Cisplatin were studied in 26 patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. There were 22 males and 4 females with a median age of 63 years. 21 cases were epidermoid carcinoma, 4 cases were adenocarcinoma and 1 case was atypical carcinoid. Cisplatin 20 mg/m2 with hydration and diuresis was given daily for 5 consecutive days. The course was repeated every 3 weeks. Partial response was observed in 4 patients (3 epidermoid carcinoma and one atypical carcinoid). The response rate was 19%. Side effects induced by Cisplatin were gastrointestinal toxicity including vomiting, nausea and appetite less, bone marrow toxicity and renal damage. These were not so severe, and reversible. Gastrointestinal toxicities were controlled successfully by corticosteroids. In 12 patients gastrointestinal toxicities were not observed. We conclude that Cisplatin is effective for non-small cell carcinoma, especially for epidermoid carcinoma. Hematologic toxicities of Cisplatin were not so severe. Therefore, combination chemotherapy including Cisplatin would improve the quality of life of patients suffering from non-small cell carcinoma of the lung.
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PMID:[The evaluation of single administration of cisplatin in non-small cell carcinoma of the lung]. 404 Mar 52

Nineteen patients with advanced malignancy participated in a phase I trial of high-dose cytarabine (ara-C) and cisplatin in combination. Dose and schedule were based on laboratory data indicating synergy for concurrent use of these drugs. Cisplatin (100 mg/m2) was administered during the 2nd and 3rd hours of a 3-hour ara-C infusion. The ara-C dose was escalated in subsequent patients following a starting dose of 1 g/m2. Two brief responses were noted. The study was terminated prematurely due to protracted (several weeks) nausea, occasional vomiting, and severe lassitude.
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PMID:Phase I study of high-dose cytarabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced malignancy. 404 Apr 27

Cisplatin (100 mg) was given by intraperitoneal infusion to 23 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Eighteen patients had gastric cancer, and five had colorectal cancer. The effects of this therapy were as follows. 1) In gastric cancer patients, the mean survival period was 11.0 months. The cumulative survival rate was superior at the level of statistical significance in comparison with controls. 2) The side effects of this agent given intraperitoneally were mild. In particular, nausea was slightly less than with intravesicular or intraarterial infusion.
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PMID:[Intraperitoneal cisplatin in peritoneal carcinomatosis patients]. 404 May 82

16 patients with recurrent or metastatic carcinomas of the upper respiratory and digestive tract underwent a total of 55 courses of chemotherapy with Cisplatin and Bleomycin. The cytostatic treatment was performed under outpatient conditions. 0.75 mg./kg. Cisplatin was administered at intervals of 5-8 weeks. In addition, 15 mg. Bleomycin was administered weekly. Hydratation and diuresis were forced by 1000 ml. 0,9% NaCl solution and 1000 ml. levulose 5% with potassium substitution and 250 ml. mannitol 10% after an initial injection of 2 ml. Furosemid. The treatment was generally well tolerated. A nausea lasting 1-3 days was observed after Cisplatin application. Remission of tumours, stopping of tumour progression and a reduction of pain was achieved. The "performance status" was maintained. In 6 cases there was no effect.
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PMID:[Ambulatory combination therapy with cisplatin, bleomycin (DDP-BLM) in recurrence and metastasis of malignant tumors of the head and neck]. 619 84

A combined modality of treatment utilizing cisplatin as a radiosensitizing agent concomitantly with full-course radical irradiation has been studied in 14 patients. Cisplatin at a dose of 15 mg/M2 body surface area was given intravenously on days 1 through 5 and 21 through 25 of the radiation therapy course. Among the 14 patients so treated, 11 patients had evidence of complete clinical regression of their tumors. Most remained in remission without evidence of recurrent disease for as long as 18 months. Recurrence in the field of treatment was even more rare. Symptomatic improvement was very encouraging in these patients. Most of them have had a significant improvement in their tolerance of pain and in the ability to swallow foods and maintain weight without a nasogastric feeding tube. Decannulation of the tracheostomy is usual. Problems included four patients with renal toxicity, one of whom died with renal failure. No patient required interruption of therapy due to mocositis or dysphagia. Nausea was rare. This encouraging data in our pilot study of a new therapeutic regimen justifies a full-scale clinical trial.
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PMID:Cisplatin sensitization to radiotherapy of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. 619 3

Rosenberg et al discovered in the coordination complexes of platinum a new, novel type of potential antitumor agent. Cisplatin [cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II)4 proved active against a variety of rodent tumors and acted synergistically when combined with other chemotherapeutic agents. Initial clinical tests by Hill et al in 1971, showed cisplatin to be active against malignant lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and certain other malignancies. Significant nephrotoxicity, nausea, and vomiting were noted. Since then, cisplatin has been tested alone and in combination chemotherapy and has proven an efficacious anticancer agent in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, ovarian carcinoma, disseminated testicular cancer, and others. Its therapeutic value was acknowledged when approved in 1978 by the U.S. FDA for treatment of the latter cancer. The current clinical literature indicates clearly that the full potential of this drug has not yet been realized. Hydration and diuresis have served to mitigate much of the nephrotoxicity, while significant strides toward amelioration of the nausea and vomiting have also been achieved. Literally, thousands of chemically-related congeners have been synthesized, and many have shown marked potency against rodent tumors. Very few, however, have been evaluated clinically, vis-a-vis malonato trans(-)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum(II); this appears a most promising and fertile area of future investigation.
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PMID:Organo-platinum complexes as antitumor agents (review). 675 Dec 11

Phase I study of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CIS-DDP) was performed in 7 institution's clinical group using 40 patients with histologically proven urologic and gynecologic malignancies. The most characteristic adverse effects were nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. With the cessation of administration they disappeared within one or two days. Manifestation of hematopoietic and renal toxicities were found low. Hepatotoxicities were slight. In this study there were no cases who showed hearing disturbances and tinnitus, which were reported in rather high percentages. Acceptable doses of CIS-DDP for single and 5 days' consecutive administration were estimated 50 and 20 mg/m2/day respectively.
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PMID:[Phase I study of a new antineoplastic agent, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)]. 689 90

Phase II study of cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II) (CIS-DDP) administered intravenously was performed in 77 patients with urologic malignancies for the evaluation of clinical responses and adverse effects. The eligibility of the patients and evaluation of response were carried out according to the general criteria proposed by Drs. Koyama and Saito. Out of 85 patients, entered in this phase II study, 77 patients were considered evaluable. Complete responses were seen in 4 patients, 3 testicular tumor and 1 bladder cancer. Partial response were obtained in 24 patients; 10 bladder cancer, 8 testicular tumor, 5 prostatic cancer, and 1 renal cell carcinoma. Overall response rates were 73.3% in testicular tumor, 50.0% in bladder tumor, 20.8% in prostatic cancer, and 7.7% in renal cell carcinoma. Incidences of toxicities were noted in the gastrointestinal tract. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, and diarrhea were observed in 78.5% of the patients treated with CIS-DDP. Myelosuppression, lassitude, renal and hearing dysfunction were other prominent adverse effects.
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PMID:[Phase II study on cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) by a collaborative study]. 689 91

Combined intraarterial cisplatin infusion and radiation therapy were performed as the initial treatment for 23 patients (mean age: 70 years) with invasive bladder cancers (T2 in 17, T3 in 6) who were suitable for total cystectomy. Of these patients, five who had multiple invasive cancers without laterality had their intrapelvic hemodynamics altered by embolizing a contralateral internal iliac artery. Cisplatin (50 mg) was infused into the internal iliac artery through a subcutaneous reservoir twice a week over three weeks while concurrent radiation therapy with 30 Gy, delivered in 15 fractions, was performed. Additional cisplatin infusions were given in six patients. After this combined therapy, total cystectomy and ileal conduit was performed in six patients and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in 17. Two of the patients who underwent total cystectomy were found to exhibit a complete response. Therefore, the overall response rate was 87%, including 13 complete responses and seven partial responses. The complete response rates in patients with clinical stage T2 and T3 disease were 53 and 67%, respectively. The complete response rate was slightly higher in patients with a non-papillary cancer than in those with a papillary one. Toxic reactions included a decrease in bladder capacity in two patients and severe diarrhea due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colitis in one. Other forms of toxicity, including nausea, vomiting, neurotoxicity in the gluteal region, nephrotoxicity and myelosuppression, were tolerable. All but one of the patients are alive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Combined intraarterial cisplatin infusion and radiation therapy for invasive bladder cancer. 761 5


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