Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between June 1974 and January 1976, 50 patients with metastatic non-seminometous testicular carcinoma were treated with the VAB II protocol. The induction phase consisted of vinblastine (0.4 mg/kg) and actinomycin D (0.02 mg/kg) on day 1. Bleomycin (0.5 mg/kg) was given by continuous infusion for 7 days, and cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (II) (DDP) (1 mg/kg) was given on day 8. A weekly maintenance of vinblastine and bleomycin, with actinomycin D and DDP on a rotating schedule was given followed by vinblastine, actinomycin D and chlorambucil every 3--4 weeks. Therapy was discontinued after 30--36 months of treatment in the face of continued remission. The response rate was 50% CR, 34% PR with 60% CR and 36% PR in previously untreated patients. Second-look surgery and excision of residual lesions was performed in selected cases. Alopecia, mucositis, nausea, and vomiting were universal. One patient died in the postsurgical period of toxicity from the combination of bleomycin and high concentrations of oxygen. There were seven instances of allergic reactions to DDP. Eleven of 25 complete responders and 4 partial or minor responders who underwent excision of stable disease remain alive from 19 to 35 months following start of therapy, 12 of them without evidence of disease.
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PMID:Germ cell tumors (II): VAB II in metastatic testicular cancer. 8 73

cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (DDP), at a dose of 15 mg/m2/day x 5 consecutive days, was administered to 68 evaluable patients with metastatic soft tissue and bony sarcomas. All patients, except one, had received extensive prior chemotherapy and had had progressive disease at the start of the study. Responses observed included one complete response in a patient with mesothelioma and three partial responses in patients with soft tissue sarcomas (7%). No responses were seen in 18 patients with bony sarcomas. Significant leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in less than 20% of evaluable courses, although two patients manifested life-threatening leukopenia (less than 1000 cells/microliter) and three had life-threatening thrombocytopenia (less than 24,000 cells/microliter). Nephrotoxicity was noted in less than 25% of evaluable courses. Nausea and/or vomiting was recorded in 55% of evaluable courses. DDP is considered to be marginally active in the secondary treatment of metastatic sarcomas at this dose and schedule. Further studies of DDP in mesothelioma are indicated.
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PMID:Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in advanced soft tissue and bony sarcomas: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. 57 67

Cisplatin may evoke both an acute emetic response during the first 24 hours following treatment and a less well-recognized syndrome of delayed emesis. While delayed emesis is usually less severe in terms of frequency of vomiting episodes, the problem continues to result in significant morbidity. In comparison with acute emesis, the exact pathogenesis of the delayed emesis syndrome remains unclear. Although a combination of oral metoclopramide and dexamethasone is effective in many patients in preventing delayed emesis, almost 50% continue to experience at least one emetic episode when treated with this regimen. A phase III multicenter study has evaluated oral ondansetron versus placebo in the prevention of the delayed-emesis syndrome in 50 patients during days 2 through 5 following high-dose cisplatin administration. Although the daily rates of complete emetic control, failure, and control of nausea favor ondansetron, this trial is statistically inconclusive in establishing efficacy of ondansetron as a single agent in the prevention of delayed emesis. Ondansetron was well tolerated in the dose and schedule used.
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PMID:The delayed-emesis syndrome from cisplatin: phase III evaluation of ondansetron versus placebo. 138 53

Cisplatin has played a major role in the treatment of germ cell tumors. However, it causes renal damage, severe nausea and vomiting. It is also neurotoxic and ototoxic. Carboplatin is an analog of cisplatin which, does not cause renal damage at therapeutic doses. It is not neurotoxic or ototoxic and it produces less gastrointestinal toxicity than cisplatin. We used carboplatin alone as an initial chemotherapy in a 36-year-old man with stage IIB seminoma. Following left radical orchiectomy the patient received 4 courses of carboplatin chemotherapy. After the first course of chemotherapy, tumor markers (LDH, beta-HCG) returned to the normal range. After 4 courses, the size of the retroperitoneal metastases was significantly reduced. The toxicity of 4 courses of carboplatin chemotherapy was generally milder than that of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapies such as PVB or VAB-6. There were no episodes of septicemia, thrombocytopenic bleeding or renal deterioration. The patient did not suffer from alopecia, neuropathy, symptomatic hearing loss, severe nausea or vomiting. Nine months after the completion of carboplatin chemotherapy, the patient remains well and free from disease progression. This case strongly suggests that single agent carboplatin therapy could be an effective and less-toxic treatment for advanced seminoma.
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PMID:[A case of advanced seminoma treated effectively with single agent carboplatin therapy]. 156 62

60 patients with advanced carcinomas of the oropharynx and hypopharynx underwent chemotherapy, either with 5-FU/Cisplatin (n = 30) or with 5-FU/Carboplatin (n = 30). The remission-rates (complete and partial remissions) were comparable in both groups. The rate of complete remissions, however, was statistically significant higher in the cisplatinum group (6 patients) than in the carboplatinum group (1 patient). 2 patients of the 5-FU/Cis-group and 4 patients of the 5-FU/Carbo-group developed a progressive disease during chemotherapy. Statistically significant differences were found in the nephrotoxic and myelotoxic side effects between both therapy groups: nephrotoxic side effects were more frequent in the 5-FU/Cis-group, whereas myelotoxic side effects occurred mainly in the 5-FU/Carbo-group. The chemotherapy with 5-FU/Carboplatin was better tolerated by the patients than in the 5-FU/Cisplatinum-group. In the 5-FU/Carbo-group especially a lower rate and severity of loss in weight, nausea, vomiting, alopecia and mucositis/stomatitis was observed. No statistically significant differences were found in ototoxic side effects between both groups.
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PMID:[Antineoplastic effectiveness and unwanted side effects of polychemotherapy of extensive oro- and hypopharyngeal cancers--results of a prospective therapy study with 5-FU/cisplatin versus 5-FU/carboplatin]. 161 47

The efficiency of cis Platin (DDP) alone and in combination with Adriamycine (ADM) and Cyclophosphamid (CTX) were evaluated in a prospective randomized trial containing 173 pat. suffering from advanced ovarian cancer (FIGO III/IV). Therapeutic schedule and results: (table; see text) The most side effects concerned vomiting (WHO Grad 2) in 90%, nausea (WHO Grad 2) in 95% and alopecia in 50% out of all pat.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of cisplatin alone and in combination within the scope of primary therapy of ovarian cancer. Results of a prospective multicenter study]. 169 49

Cisplatin, bleomycin, and mitomycin-C were used to treat 25 patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Six patients had a partial response, yielding a total response rate of 27%. Nine patients had stable disease. The median survival for the whole group was 30 weeks. The median survival for responders was 32 weeks. The median progression free interval for the whole group was 12 weeks and the median progression-free free interval for responders was 14 weeks. The toxicities noted were primarily nausea, vomiting, and myelosuppression. The combination of cisplatin, bleomycin, and mitomycin-C has modest effectiveness in the treatment of recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, but represents no improvement over single-agent chemotherapy.
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PMID:A phase II evaluation of cisplatin, bleomycin, and mitomycin-C in patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. 170 24

A total of 248 analyzable patients with Stages III-IV ovarian epithelial cancer (114 with and 134 without prior chemotherapy) were randomized to one of four cisplatin (DDP)-hexamethylmelamine (HMM) regimens. In each, HMM, 200 mg/m2 was given orally daily on days 8-21 of each 21-day cycle. DDP was given i.v. on Day 1 at a dose of 37.5 mg/m2 (regimens A and B) or 75 mg/m2 (regimens C and D). In addition, since pyridoxine administration has been reported to reduce the neurotoxicity of HMM, that agent was given at a dose of 300 mg/m2 orally on Days 1-21 in regimens B and D. Randomization was stratified for performance status (0-1, 2-3) and largest tumor diameter at entry (greater than 2- less than or equal to 10 cm, greater than 10 cm) for previously untreated patients, and for performance status and time from initial diagnosis to entry on study (less than or equal to 1 year, greater than 1 year) for previously treated patients. The overall response rate (PR + CR) was 54%, with 25% of patients achieving a complete response. The 61% response rate with the higher dose DDP regimens was significantly greater than the 47% response rate with the lower dose regimens (p = 0.031). Multivariate analysis identified higher DDP dose, age less than 60 years, no prior chemotherapy, small tumor bulk and favorable tumor grade as significant prognosticators for response. The overall median response duration was 8.3 months (range 1-70 months). Prior chemotherapy, pyridoxine administration, recent diagnosis, and large tumor size were identified by multivariate analysis as factors adversely affecting response duration. Patients treated with the higher dose DDP regimens had more severe nausea, vomiting, and neurotoxicity. This study demonstrates that the combination of DDP + HMM is an effective regimen for advanced ovarian carcinoma that yields response rates comparable to other more complex regimens, and that there is a dose-response relationship for DDP in ovarian cancer. Although pyridoxine administration significantly reduced neurotoxicity, its adverse effect on response duration suggests that the agent should not be administered with DDP or HMM. The mechanism by which pyridoxine may unfavorably affect response duration deserves further investigation.
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PMID:Hexamethylmelamine and low or moderate dose cisplatin with or without pyridoxine for treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma: a study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. 173 9

Fifteen patients with invasive bladder cancer were treated with selective intra-arterial cisplatin and external beam radiotherapy (30.6 Gy over 3 weeks) prior to a planned cystectomy. Cisplatin, in total 200 mg, was administered via bilateral internal iliac artery infusion during the course of radiotherapy. Seven patients were evaluated for local response. Partial response (PR) was revealed in 4, and minor response (MR) in 3. Ten patients received total cystectomy, and pathological effects by the criteria adipted by Japanese Urological Association and The Japanese Society of Pathology, were as follows: Ef. 3 in 1 case, Ef. 2 in 6. Ef. 1b in 1 and Ef. 1a in 2. Down staging was observed in 8 patients from the clinical to the pathological stage. Thirteen patients are alive for 21 months. Two patients have died (1 lung infarction, 1 pancreatic cancer). Though nausea and sciatica-like pain were observed in some cases, there was no severe systemic side effects such as bone marrow suppression and renal toxicity. From these results it is concluded that this therapeutic modality could be effective in the preoperative work-up of candidates for total cystectomy, and also that it could be useful in the treatment of patients in whom total cystectomy is contraindicated.
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PMID:[Intra-arterial cisplatin and concurrent radiation for invasive bladder cancer]. 177 Jun 97

The activity of cisplatin and a 120-hour continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was evaluated in 25 patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cisplatin 100 mg/m2 and 5-FU 1000 mg/m2/day by continuous infusion for 120 hours were given via an implanted venous access device and ambulatory infusion pump. Eighteen (72%) patients had multiple sites of metastases and seven (28%) patients had only bony metastases. Subjective responses in terms of pain relief and improvement in performance status were seen in 21 (84%) patients. Overall objective response was seen in 19 (76%) patients with two complete remissions (CR) and 17 partial remissions (PR). Locoregional disease responded more completely and rapidly than bony or visceral metastases. Toxicities included nausea, vomiting, neuropathy and one septic death. Cisplatin and 5-FU by continuous infusion represent an effective treatment for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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PMID:Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil continuous infusion for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 178 42


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