Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-six evaluable patients with disseminated or locally unresectable pancreatic or biliary tract carcinoma received Ftorafur (4 g/m2 iv day 1 and 22 and 2 g/m2 iv day 4 and 26), Adriamycin (60 mg/m1 IV day 1 and 45 mg/m2 iv day 22) and BCNU (150 MG/M2 IV DAY 1) combination chemotherapy (FAB) repeated at 6--8 week intervals. Two (29%) complete and one (14%) partial remissions were observed in 7 patients with biliary carcinoma while 5 of 19 (26%) patients with pancreatic carcinoma achieved partial remissions. Median survival for responding patients was approximately 11 months (range 7--16+) with median survivals of about 6 months (p less than 0.05 and about 3 months (p less than 0.05) for patients with stable and progressive disease. Major drug toxicity was myelosuppression with median lowest granulocyte counts of 1,000/microliters and platelet counts of 88,000/microliters. Approximately 25% of patients required antibiotic therapy for fever of unknown origin or documented infections. Other tolerable drug toxicities included nausea, vomiting and mucositis. The FAB regimen appears quite promising in biliary tract cancer and has efficacy in pancreatic carcinoma that warrants further clinical trials. Because of myelotoxicity observed with this regimen we now recommend a BCNU starting dose of 100 mg/m2 instead of 150 mg/m2.
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PMID:Adriamycin, BCNU, ftorafur chemotherapy of pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. 38 4

Nine patients with intracerebral metastasis from lung carcinoma were treated with intracarotid and intravertebral artery infusion of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). Four of these patients considered definite responders showed unequivocal clinical improvement and definite decreases in the size of tumors evaluated by neurologic examination, computerized tomographic (CT) scan and radionuclide brain scan (RBS). One patient's clinical condition stabilized with doubtful improvement of diagnostic tests (probable responder). The remaining four patients had further unfavorable progression of the clinical and scan findings and were clearly nonresponders. Complications were transient and included: local pain in the eye, orbit, and occipital-nuchal area during infusion in 7 patients, focal seizure in 3 patients, mild confusion with disorientation in 2 patients, and nausea in 2 patients. Our findings suggest that intra-arterial BCNU therapy may be effective and may be used as an adjuvant to surgery and/or radiotherapy for the treatment of metastatic brain tumor from lung carcinoma.
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PMID:Intra-arterial BCNU therapy in the treatment of metastatic brain tumor from lung carcinoma: a preliminary report. 50 86

In a phase I study, the best antitumor/toxicity ratio for DTIC was reported to be at a dose of 250 mg/m2/day X 5 repeated at 28-day intervals. Nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia were the major toxic effects noted. The best responses were seen in disseminated melanoma (19%), various sarcomas (22%), and Hodgkin's disease. A subsequent phase II study in refractory lymphomas showed a response rate in Hodgkin's disease of 56%. In disseminated melanomas, DTIC was then combined with vincristine and BCNU and demonstrated a response rate of 23% which did not improve with the addition of chlorpromazine (23%). A response rate of 31% was seen with the combination of DTIC, BCNU, and hydroxyurea which did not improve with the addition of vincristine (30%). Responders had a more significant survival rate as compared to nonresponders.
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PMID:DTIC (NSC-45388) studies in the southwest oncology group. 76 72

Trimethylcolchicinic acid methyl ether d-tartrate (TMCA; NSC-36351) was administered daily by mouth to 71 patients with malignant lymphomas. Partical (greater than 50%) responses were observed in eleven of 37 patients with Hodgkin's disesse, two of 22 patients with lymphocytic lymphoma, and one of two patients with mixed cell lymphoma. One complete and three partial responses were noted in nine patients with histiocytic lymphoma. Responses lasted from one to 91+ months (median: four months) and occurred in patients whose disease was resistant to alkylating agents, vinblastine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone or BCNU. Toxic effects included leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, diarrhea, stomatitis, alopecia and dermatitis.
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PMID:Effect of trimethylcolchicinic acid methyl ether d-tartrate (TMCA) on Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 79 48

Acivicin (AT-125) is a glutamine antagonist with dose-limiting, schedule-dependent CNS toxicity and predictable CSF penetration after intravenous administration. Because of these properties, a trial in CNS malignancies was initiated. Thirty-two patients with recurrent or residual malignant astrocytomas were treated with AT-125. The majority of patients had glioblastoma multiforme (24) and had received prior nitrosoureas (21). The median age was 50 years, and Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) performance status was 2. The major determinant of response was based upon radiologic criteria using computed tomographic (CT) scanning and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The tumor mass was measured in two perpendicular planes, which yielded the largest cross-sectional area. Standard solid tumor criteria for response were used. All responding patients also had a stable or tapered dose of corticosteroids with stable or improved performance status and neurologic examination. There were four objective responses (12%): one complete remission (3 1/2+ years) and three partial remissions (57, 86, and 322 days). Two patients had improvement in disease that did not meet requirements for a partial remission. Toxicity was mild and primarily consisted of nausea, vomiting, and lethargy. Two patients were removed from study due to neurotoxicity (depression and hallucinations). The strict response criteria used in this trial were not those that have been used in testing other active agents such as carmustine (BCNU). We conclude that AT-125 has objective antitumor activity in malignant astrocytomas and warrants further study.
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PMID:Objective antitumor activity of acivicin in patients with recurrent CNS malignancies: a Southwest Oncology Group trial. 164 69

Sixty-two patients with biopsy-proven, measurable disseminated malignant melanoma received either the combination IFN-alpha 2A with BCNU (30 patients) or the combination cimetidine with BCNU (32 patients) in parallel noncomparative Phase II trials. From patients receiving IFN-alpha 2A plus BCNU, we observed a 7% response rate: 1 complete response (CR) and 1 partial response (PR) (soft tissue disease with durations of 6.9 and 11.5+ months, respectively). Median time to progression (MTP) was 1.8 months and median survival time (MST) was 3.8 months. Myelosuppression and a flu-type illness were the most common toxicities. From patients receiving cimetidine plus BCNU, the response rate was 16%: 4 PRs (soft tissue disease, 3.8 months; visceral, 2.1, 4.0+, and 9.7 months) and 1 CR (soft tissue, 14.3+ months). MTP and MST were 1.9 and 5.5 months, respectively. Myelosuppression and nausea/vomiting were the most common side effects. Although each of these regimens had great conceptual allure, neither offered any durable impact on the natural history of disseminated malignant melanoma. Nevertheless, alternative combinations of biological response modifiers (BRMs) and BRMs with biochemical modulators or cytotoxic agents may provide some useful alternatives for further clinical investigations.
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PMID:Phase II trial of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (IFN-alpha 2A) plus 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and the combination cimetidine with BCNU in patients with disseminated malignant melanoma. 202 22

Eight patients with advanced malignant melanoma were treated with high-dose melphalan (80-90 mg/m2) and BCNU (600-800 mg/m2). In all patients autologous bone marrow preservation was performed prior to therapy. Bone marrow was stored for 48 h in a refrigerator at 10 degrees C and reinfused 48 h post-therapy. Three patients had a complete response (CR), 1 a partial response and 4 patients no response. Two patients with CR died 4 and 5 months after therapy. One had an interstitial pneumonitis and 1 patient died from unknown cause. The third patient had a relapse 12 months after therapy. Major side effects were severe nausea/vomiting and a mild mucositis. Two patients suffered from BCNU-related encephalopathy. All patients had a full hematologic reconstitution after 6 weeks. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow support achieves a high response rate. Long-term disease-free survival, however, was not seen with this approach.
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PMID:High-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow support in advanced malignant melanoma. 269 12

Nineteen patients with biopsy-proven high-grade astrocytomas received as initial treatment whole-brain radiation and combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 1,000 mg/m2/24 h as a continuous infusion for 96 h, and bolus cisdiamminedichloroplatinum II (CDDP), 100 mg/m2. Chemotherapy cycles were repeated on day 21, then every 28 days until progression or completion of six cycles. All 19 patients completed one cycle of chemotherapy. Toxicity was moderate, with cytopenias, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, and reversible azotemia. Survival ranged from 2 to 160+ weeks, with a median of 35 weeks. The survival of the pilot group was compared with historical controls treated with radiation plus 1,3,-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). Controls were similar in histology, age, performance score, and survival, without statistically significant differences. The combination of radiation therapy, continuous-infusion 5-FU, and bolus CDDP as described here for high-grade astrocytomas is moderately toxic and appears to offer no survival advantage compared with radiation therapy plus BCNU.
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PMID:Pilot study of combination 5-fluorouracil, cisdiamminedichloroplatinum II, and radiation therapy for grade III and IV astrocytomas. 282 91

Employment of postoperative brain irradiation in the initial management of high-grade malignant glial tumors has now become standard. The addition of conventional chemotherapy to irradiation has not significantly improved median survival beyond 1 year. We treated 25 consecutive patients (13 pilot patients and 12 protocol patients) with histologically confirmed unresectable grade 3 or 4 malignant gliomas with high-dose BCNU (carmustine) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation and whole brain irradiation. Within 3 weeks of initial surgery, each patient had autologous bone marrow stored (median 2 X 10(8) nucleated cells/kg), and then received BCNU 1,050 mg/m2 intravenously (IV). Peripheral granulocytes recovered (greater than 500/microL) at a median of 19 days (range, 10 to 37 days), and platelets recovered (greater than 20,000/microL) at a median of 18 days (range, 13 to 40 days), following bone marrow infusion. Patients received 60 Gy whole brain irradiation when granulocytes were greater than 1,500/microL. Toxicity was well tolerated. Nausea occurred in 19 patients (76%); however, only eight patients (32%) experienced vomiting (mild in three, moderate in five). Eleven patients (44%) did not require empiric antibiotics, six of whom never developed an absolute granulocyte count less than 500/microL. Three patients with a poor performance status died early (one seizure with vomiting and asphyxiation; one, klebsiella urinary tract infection (UTI) with bacteremia; one, candidal pneumonia), and one additional patient who was performing well died of pulmonary hemorrhage. The 13 pilot patients have now been followed for a median of 23 months, with a significant survival advantage compared with the 52 consecutive historical control patients who received similar surgery and radiotherapy without high-dose BCNU (P = .037). The overall study group of 25 patients also has a significant survival advantage when compared with the same historical control group, with a projected median survival of 26 months (P = .007). This new approach using early postoperative intensive therapy consisting of high-dose BCNU, autologous bone marrow transplantation, and whole brain irradiation appears to significantly improve survival.
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PMID:Prolongation of survival for high-grade malignant gliomas with adjuvant high-dose BCNU and autologous bone marrow transplantation. 355 37

Thirty-four patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma were treated with the combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in a Phase II trial. Induction chemotherapy consisted of one cycle of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), adriamycin, and BCNU (FAB), followed in 4 weeks by a cycle of 5-FU, adriamycin and mitomycin-C (FAM). In responding and stable patients, consolidation radiotherapy to major sites of disease, followed by maintenance FAM, was administered. Twelve of 30 (40%) patients with measurable disease responded (3 complete responses and 9 partial responses), with a median response duration of 6.0 months. Toxicity was moderate and consisted of nausea, vomiting, and myelosuppression. No additive effects for this combined modality approach could be demonstrated.
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PMID:Phase II trial of sequential chemotherapy and low-dose radiotherapy in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. A Southwest Oncology Group Pilot Study. 366 88


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