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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An oral colonic lavage solution containing sodium sulfate and polyethylene glycol was compared with whole-gut irrigation using saline via a nasogastric tube in a randomized blinded study of 34 consecutive well-matched patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Both methods were safe and rapid. Patients receiving oral colonic lavage, however, had significantly less (P less than 0.05) water retention, overall distress, cramps, and other complaints. No significant differences were found with regard to fullness, nausea, and rectal discomfort. The bowel cleansings were equally adequate, and most patients achieved a good-to-excellent preparation. Surgical complications appeared not to be related to the preparation used, and wound sepsis were equally frequent. Oral colonic lavage proved to be the most attractive preoperative cleansing method.
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PMID:Preparation for elective colorectal surgery. A randomized, blinded comparison between oral colonic lavage and whole-gut irrigation. 355 4

Morphine sulfate Contin (MSC) is an investigational matrix delivery system for oral morphine sulfate that allows for prolonged blood levels of morphine. Twenty-six patients with inadequately controlled cancer-related pain were examined in an open but controlled study using MSC. Initially, all patients were converted from the prestudy analgesic regimen to an equianalgesic amount of immediate-release morphine sulfate (IRMS) on a q4h dose schedule that was in turn titrated to the level of adequate pain relief. Patients then were switched to MSC q8h and eventually to q12h, starting at doses representing the same total daily amount of morphine that was in the final IRMS dose. Of the 18 patients who completed the study, all achieved satisfactory levels of analgesia on MSC, seven at q8h and 11 at q12h dosing intervals. All patients reported better analgesia while taking MSC compared with their previous regimen. Side effects associated with MSC included sedation and constipation but not nausea or respiratory difficulty. Significant drug tolerance did not develop during a mean follow-up period of four weeks (range, 1-18 weeks). MSC is an effective oral opioid analgesic that allows an increased dose interval without increased side effects or decreased potency. It can improve the quality of life of cancer patients by allowing them to be maintained without frequent dosing or parenteral medication.
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PMID:Management of cancer pain with oral controlled-release morphine sulfate. 368 May 67

Programmed ventricular stimulation was used to test oral bethanidine sulfate in 10 patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. These patients had previously documented, recurrent, sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) and/or ventricular fibrillation (VF) complicating stable heart disease. During control electrophysiologic studies, VT could be induced in all 10 patients: 6 with nonsustained VT, 3 with sustained VT, and 1 with VT/VF. After control, bethanidine 20-30 mg/kg was administered orally and beginning 60 minutes later, programmed ventricular stimulation was repeated. After bethanidine administration, VT could be induced in nine patients; in four, the VT was essentially unchanged from that induced during control studies. In four others, worse VT was induced after bethanidine. The remaining two patients had a potentially beneficial response to the drug. Bethanidine was poorly tolerated: seven patients had symptomatic orthostatic hypotension that persisted for several days despite concurrent protriptyline therapy. Furthermore, in four patients, spontaneous VT or VT/VF occurred 3-8 hours after the last dose. Nausea, vomiting, flushing, and blood pressure elevation were also noted. Bethanidine sulfate in the dosages used usually does not prevent the induction of VT by programmed ventricular stimulation and frequently causes serious toxicity. These findings suggest that the drug would be ineffective and poorly tolerated for long-term therapy in patients with serious ventricular arrhythmias.
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PMID:Bethanidine sulfate in paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia: toxicity and antifibrillatory actions. 377 63

Seventeen patients in whom uterine activity responded favorably to parenteral magnesium sulfate were given oral magnesium gluconate for continued tocolysis. The mean serum magnesium level before therapy was 1.44 +/- 0.22 mg/100 ml, whereas 2 hours after initiation of oral magnesium it was 2.16 +/- 0.32 mg/100 ml (p less than 0.05). One patient had nausea without vomiting or diarrhea. These data suggest that magnesium ingested orally can raise the serum magnesium level significantly.
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PMID:Tocolysis with oral magnesium. 382 80

Five cardiology centers conducted open-label prospective trials of meobentine sulfate, an intravenously and orally available analog of bethanidine, to assess its potential for treatment of recurrent, drug refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT) or fibrillation (VF), and complex ventricular arrhythmias. The study population comprised 26 patients (mean age, 61 years); 18 were men. Coronary artery disease was present in 15, cardiomyopathy in six, and valvular heart disease in three. Patients presented with both VT and VF (seven), sustained VT alone (12), or frequent ventricular ectopy (PVCs) and nonsustained VT (seven). Of the 26 patients, 5 were enrolled in antiarrhythmic studies (chronic PVC suppression) and 21 were enrolled in programmed electrical stimulation (PES) studies. Two of five in the chronic PVC study showed greater than 75% arrhythmia suppression. Among 21 patients in PES studies, there were eight intravenous (16 mg/kg) and 19 oral trials (400 to 1000 mg every 6 hours, 3 days/dose interval). Five of 22 patients showed efficacy at repeat PES study (neither VT nor VF), one showed partial efficacy, and four were not restudied because of clinical arrhythmia (three) and/or adverse effects (two). Overall, three patients (12%) were continued on the drug for an extended period of time. Adverse experience included hypotension in 50% and gastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea) in 56% (oral trials only). Adverse reactions led to drug discontinuation in six and dosage reduction in eight patients. Thus, meobentine may prevent induction of VT or VF or reduce frequency of complex PVCs in selected patients refractory to other antiarrhythmic agents, but the response rate is relatively low. Symptomatic hypotension or gastrointestinal adverse effects are common and may limit utility of meobentine as a chronic oral antiarrhythmic agent.
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PMID:Meobentine sulfate: antiarrhythmic and electrophysiologic effects assessed by programmed electrical stimulation and ambulatory monitoring in patients with complex ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Report of a multicenter evaluation. 390 15

It is noted that advertisements in medical journals recommend treatment of emotional symptoms in menopausal patients with Premarin (Ayerst brand of conjugated estrogens), Ogen (Abbott brand of piperazine estrone sulfate), or other compounds. There are no acceptable studies proving the usefulness of such combinations for symptoms relating to the menopause and no persuasive evidence to justify use of conjugated or any other type of estrogen in the treatment of emotional symptoms in menopausal women. Vasomotor symptoms, flushing, and sweats respond to estrogens. Symptoms do not recur if treatment is stopped after 1 or 2 years. Systematic or topical use of estrogens fails to promote the appearance of youthfulness. Vaginal pruritus and dyspareunia due to atrophic vaginitis may be relieved by estrogens either applied locally or orally. Libido is not heightened by exogenous estrogens but sufficient androgen doses cause virilization. It is doubtful if osteoporosis is favorably influenced by long-term use of estrogens. Estrogen therapy may cause spotting, menarrhagia, nausea, breast tenderness, or fluid retention. Prolonged use may cause increase in size of uterine fibroids. Personal or even family history of breast or genital cancer are considered contraindications.
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PMID:Estrogens and the menopausal patient. 434 58

A review of the available literature concerning sudden withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs shows that withdrawal syndromes after cessation of such agents have occurred with beta-blockers, methyldopa, clonidine hydrochloride, guanabenz, and bethanidine sulfate. Most commonly, these syndromes are limited to nervousness, tachycardia, headache, and nausea 36 to 72 hours after cessation of the drug. In rare cases, serious exacerbation of myocardial ischemia (beta-blockers) or hypertension (clonidine, methyldopa) may occur in the posttreatment period. The withdrawal syndromes generally respond promptly to reinstitution of antihypertensive therapy. The infrequent occurrence of withdrawal syndromes should not discourage use of these efficacious agents.
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PMID:Withdrawal syndromes and the cessation of antihypertensive therapy. 611 20

Low doses of mitotane were given orally to 36 patients with Cushing's disease, concurrently with or after pituitary cobalt irradiation. Clinical and biochemical remission occurred in 29. The response to treatment occurred early in 17 patients and late in 12. The different pattern of response to mitotane was not related to the dose given or to its serum level. Early biochemical indicators of adrenal suppression with mitotane were a sharp decrease in adrenal response to the infusion of ACTH and in plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Although mitotane was given together with pituitary irradiation, initial remission was due mainly to the adrenal effect of mitotane. Plasma ACTH levels were still elevated when cortisol had returned to normal. In seventeen of the 29 patients who responded to treatment drug therapy has been discontinued, and they remain in remission of Cushing's syndrome. Side-effects have been dose dependent, with anorexia, nausea, decreased memory, and gynecomastia in men being the commonest.
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PMID:Sustained remission of Cushing's disease with mitotane and pituitary irradiation. 624 46

Eighteen patients with advanced germ-cell cancer (12 primary gonadal, six extragonadal) that was refractory to vinblastine (V), cisplatin (P), and bleomycin (B) were treated with Etoposide (VP-16-213) and cisplatin +/- bleomycin sulfate +/- doxorubicin hydrochloride. All patients experienced nausea, vomiting, alopecia, and myelosuppression. There were no treatment-related deaths. Five (42%) of 12 patients with primary gonadal germ-cell cancer achieved a complete remission and are presently alive with no evidence of disease. None of the six patients with extragonadal germ-cell cancer achieved a complete response. Thirteen patients died 6.2 months (median) after starting Etoposide treatment. Etoposide-containing chemotherapy is useful in patients with primary gonadal germ-cell cancer. Alternative therapies are needed for patients with extragonadal germ cell cancer.
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PMID:Chemotherapy of refractory germ cell cancer with Etoposide. 632 75

The antiarrhythmic efficacy and safety of oral flecainide acetate and quinidine sulfate were compared in a double-blind, 16-center parallel trial involving 280 patients with chronic premature ventricular complexes (PVCs). Eighty-five percent of the flecainide patients had at least 80% suppression of PVCs, vs 57% of the quinidine patients (p less than 0.0001). Sixty-eight percent of the flecainide patients met the above criterion and also had complete suppression of couplets and beats of ventricular tachycardia, vs 33% of the quinidine patients (p less than 0.0001). PR and QRS intervals were prolonged by flecainide without clinical consequence, but they were not substantially affected by quinidine (p less than 0.0001). Quinidine prolonged JT (QT minus QRS) intervals significantly more than flecainide (p less than 0.05). Nineteen of 141 flecainide patients and 21 of 139 quinidine patients discontinued therapy because of side effects (p greater than 0.50). Flecainide side effects included dizziness, blurred vision, headache and nausea. Quinidine side effects included diarrhea, nausea, headache and dizziness. Flecainide was more effective than quinidine in suppressing chronic ventricular arrhythmias (especially complex forms), and thus is an important new antiarrhythmic agent.
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PMID:Flecainide versus quinidine for treatment of chronic ventricular arrhythmias. A multicenter clinical trial. 633 10


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