Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 17-year-old female weighing 37 kg and 140 cm in height was referred to our hospital for evaluation of dwarfism and primary amenorrhea. She was delivered with 3350 g in weight and 50 cm in height after a ten month pregnancy without complications. No abnormal findings were revealed in physical appearance except critomegaly. Episodes of nausea, vomiting and dehydration were rare throughout her childhood, but she had a tendency to salt craving. At the age of 14, her height was 140 cm. On admission, her physical development was markedly retarded for her age, except external genitalia. Diffuse pigmentations on the trunk and extremities were observed. Her blood pressure was normal (112/62 mm Hg). Serum potassium concentration was 2.9 mEq/L. Arterial-blood gas analysis revealed metabolic alkalosis. Both of renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone concentration (PAC) in plasma at rest were markedly elevated to 15.5 ng/ml/h and 107.1 ng/dl, respectively. The plasma concentrations of pregnenolone (1449 ng/dl), progesterone (178 ng/dl), 17-OH-pregnenolone (1613 ng/dl), 17-OH-progesterone (180 ng/dl), dehydroepiandrosterone (3706 ng/dl), androstendione (824.6 ng/dl) and testosterone (900 ng/dl) were high, whereas deoxycorticosterone (15.7 ng/dl), corticosterone (0.65 microgram/dl) and cortisol (6.8 micrograms/dl) were within normal limits. Urinary 17-KS excretion showed high levels between 65.7 and 109.4 mg/day, while urinary 17-OHCS excretion was normal (5.7-7.0 mg/day). Vascular response to angiotensin II (A-II) was attenuated. Distal fractional chloride reabsorption was decreased (CH2O/CH2O+CCl = 0.62, normal: 0.92 +/- 0.04). Moderate hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular cells was demonstrated in biopsy specimen of the kidney. Cytogenetic studies showed a 46, XX chromosome constitution with translocation of the long arm of chromosome 6 to the short arm of chromosome 9. Her mother as well as younger brother and sister, whose electrolytes and arterial-blood gas analysis showed normal values, had chromosomes with the same translocation. Treatment with dexamethasone (2 mg/day) reduced every adrenal steroids to normal range, but PRA and PAC remained high levels. Furthermore, neither hypokalemic alkalosis nor vasoreactivity to exogenous A-II was improved. Indomethacin (75 mg/day) decreased urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 from a high level of 738.4 ng/day to 433.4 ng/day and normalized metabolic alkalosis. Vascular response to A-II was moderately improved. However, serum potassium remained low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[A case of 21-hydroxylase deficiency and Bartter's syndrome associated with a balanced 6-9 translocation]. 349 Oct 9

Subacute carbon monoxide poisoning is commonly misdiagnosed as an influenza-like viral illness. All patients presenting to the triage nurse at University Hospital with flu-like symptoms during February 1985 were asked to give blood samples for carboxyhemoglobin determination. Fifty-five patients (10% of those eligible) with headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, general malaise, or shortness of breath were enrolled in the study. Carboxyhemoglobin levels ranged from 0 to 21%. Thirteen patients (23.6%) of this self-selected subgroup had carboxyhemoglobin levels greater than or equal to 10%. There was no statistically significant difference in carboxyhemoglobin levels between smokers and nonsmokers. More patients using wood heat had elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels than patients using any other form of heating (P less than .05). No patient with a carboxyhemoglobin level greater than or equal to 10% was diagnosed as having subacute CO poisoning by emergency physicians. Physicians must seek out the possibility of CO toxicity in patients with flu-like illness, particularly in inner-city populations during the heating months. Fundoscopy and COHb levels may be useful in selected cases to correctly diagnose patients and avoid a return to a hazardous environment with potentially fatal consequences.
 ...
PMID:Carboxyhemoglobin levels in patients with flu-like symptoms. 359 33

A total of 65 students and one female teacher were afflicted with an unusual illness following alleged inhalation of a 'gas' in the school. The main symptoms were dizziness, chills, nausea, headache, difficulty in breathing and faintness. Initial investigations revealed elevated carboxyhaemoglobin levels (greater than 5%) of 16 hospitalized students. However, no sources of carbon monoxide emission could be detected despite extensive environmental investigations. The outbreak was characterized by the following features: most victims were adolescent girls; there was a high proportion of recurrences; the illness was self-limiting with inconsistent clinical and epidemiological findings; its mode of transmission was associated with antecedent visual observation or verbal information, and it died down immediately after confidence had been restored. A diagnosis of mass psychogenic illness was made. The high-risk students were Malay girls who were from the normal class (for slow learners), engaged in part-time employment and easily influenced by what they had heard or seen.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiological enquiries into a school outbreak of an unusual illness. 361 Apr 54

The synthetic opioid tramadol was given to 40 patients during surgery according to a fixed, calculated infusion scheme. Anesthesia was started with thiopental and the patients were given different nitrous oxide concentrations via a semi-open system (group 1: 60%, group 2: 75%). The aim of this study was to clarify whether this anaesthetic procedure is practicable or whether it has grave disadvantages in comparison with the anesthesia models used so far. Furthermore we wanted to clarify whether under this infusion scheme the proportion of N2O in the inspiratory mixture is sufficient or whether higher concentrations are required. In 24 of 40 patients analgesia or the depth of anaesthesia was insufficient so that additional enflurane application was necessary. Postoperative respiratory depression in three patients had to be treated with naloxone. The advantages of this procedure are the safe and easy practicability, absence of significant changes in the haemodynamic parameters, good postoperative response of the patients and postoperative pain relief as well as the low incidence of postoperative side effects such as nausea, vomiting and CO2-retention.
 ...
PMID:[Tramadol infusion anesthesia with the substitution of enflurane and various nitrous oxide concentrations]. 391 7

Nine-hundred-and-fourteen patients have undergone the single puncture Falope Ring laparoscopic tubal ligations in a community hospital without prior insufflation of carbon dioxide gas. Anesthesia time averaged 10.5 minutes, surgical procedure time averaged 8.1 minutes. The patients left the hospital in satisfactory condition in the afternoon of the procedure. The only complication was a failed ligation (0.1%). Two-week follow-up showed no untoward complications. Omission of carbon dioxide insufflation before Trocar insertion lowers complications such as nausea, emesis, and post-operative pain. Also, anesthesia and surgical times are reduced. None of the patients required intubation during anesthesia.
 ...
PMID:Insertion of the laparoscopic Trocar without the use of carbon dioxide gas. 622 56

In a randomized double-blind study the influence of morphine 0.5 mg on the development and regression of spinal anaesthesia, the postoperative analgesia and the side effects were investigated. Forty-two patients received an isobaric spinal anaesthesia with tetracaine 20 mg without morphine (n = 19) or with morphine 0.5 mg (n = 23). The sensory blockade was tested by pinprick; the patients evaluated their postoperative pain with an analogue scale. Arterial blood gases, respiratory rate, blood pressure and heart rate were measured and side effects determined. In the test group the cranial level of anaesthesia was during the development (p greater than 0.05) and regression (p less than 0.05) half to three segments higher than in the control group. The postoperative analgesia was more intense and longer lasting with morphine than without (p less than 0.05). Following morphine, P art CO2 was higher (p less than 0.05), the respiratory rate lower (p less than 0.05). Pruritus, nausea, vomiting and disturbances of micturition were more frequent. Following spinal anaesthesia with a deeper level of anaesthesia at T8-T11 the postoperative analgesia was superior than following spinal anaesthesia with a higher level of anaesthesia at T3-T4 (p less than 0.05). Only following higher levels of anaesthesia there was evidence of respiratory depression (p less than 0.05). This is why the level of spinal anaesthesia with the addition of morphine must not be higher than necessary for surgery.
 ...
PMID:[0.5 mg intrathecal morphine in spinal anesthesia. A double blind study on sensory block, postoperative analgesia and adverse effects]. 639 May 47

The effect of physostigmine on the respiratory depression induced by morphine was studied in human subjects who received morphine as part of their preanesthetic medication. After pretreatment with droperidol (2.5-5 mg, iv) to prevent nausea, the change in minute ventilation was measured in 16 patients in response to increasing concentrations of inspired CO2 (CO2-response curve) by the rebreathing method. This was repeated 30 min after morphine (0.166 mg/kg, iv) in nine subjects and in seven controls who did not receive morphine and again 5-10 min after physostigmine (13-33 micrograms/kg, iv) in all subjects. All subjects were given N-butylhyoscine hydrobromide (5 mg, iv) to antagonize any peripheral cholinergic effects of physostigmine. Morphine decreased the mean slope of the CO2-response curve from 1.78 +/- 0.18 to 1.12 +/- 0.14 1 X min-1 X mmHg-1 (P less than 0.01) and increased the alveolar PCO2 for a fixed minute ventilation (position of curve) from 45.0 +/- 1.3 to 51.9 +/- 1.5 mmHg (P less than 0.001). Physostigmine restored the mean slope after morphine to control value, i.e., 1.79 +/- 0.231 X min-1 X mmHg-1, and position to 46.2 +/- 1.2 mmHg (P less than 0.001). Physostigmine did not increase the slope or alter the position of the CO2-response curves of subjects given droperidol alone. The authors conclude that physostigmine can reverse the respiratory depressant effect of morphine and restore the sensitivity of the respiratory center of CO2, presumably by raising acetylcholine levels in the brain after these have been reduced by morphine.
 ...
PMID:Physostigmine antagonizes morphine-induced respiratory depression in human subjects. 640 65

We did a retrospective study to compare butorphanol with morphine for use in a balanced anesthetic technique with nitrous oxide, oxygen, and neuromuscular relaxants. Patient records were reviewed for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative arterial blood gas values and vital signs; postoperative analgesia, nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, and dysphoria; and patient recall of the procedure. Patients in the butorphanol group proved to have less postoperative respiratory depression as determined by arterial carbon dioxide tension on arrival in the recovery room (42.8 mm Hg vs 51.1 mm Hg). The patients who received butorphanol also had less nausea (8.3% vs 44.4%) and less vomiting (8.3% vs 33.3%) than those given morphine. Neither group had any recall of procedure, hallucination, or dysphoria as determined by postoperative interview.
 ...
PMID:Balanced anesthesia: a comparison of butorphanol and morphine. 670 85

A 45-year-old man who was admitted with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain was found to have severe metabolic alkalosis, with a PaCO2 of 11.4kPa (85.5 mm Hg), PaO2 of 5.8 kPa (43.5 mm Hg), pH of 7.61, and plasma bicarbonate concentration of 82.0 mmol/l. He was treated with oxygen, intravenous physiological saline, and phenytoin and improved within 48 hours. Radiographs showed gastric outlet obstruction secondary to peptic ulcer, which was treated by surgery. Though sever, the rise in carbon dioxide concentration in this patient was probably lifesaving. The PaCO2 was therefore allowed to fall gradually as the alkalosis was treated. The return of both PaCO2 and plasma bicarbonate values to normal in parallel suggests that hypoventilation compensated for the metabolic alkalosis and emphasises the importance of conservative treatment in cases of metabolic alkalosis.
 ...
PMID:Severe metabolic alkalosis: a case report. 679 44

The effects of epinephrine 1/200,000 as an adjuvant to epidural morphine were investigated in three healthy male volunteers, during 26-h observation sessions. Peak blood concentrations of morphine were 44 +/- 12.9 ng/ml after plain morphine and 13.7 +/- 6.7 ng/ml after epinephrine-morphine. Cutaneous hypalgesia was more intense, faster in onset, and longer in duration after epinephrine-morphine than after plain morphine, and analgesia to ice-water immersion of extremities lasted longer. Adverse side effects of pruritus, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty of micturition were also more intense after epinephrine-morphine, and respiratory sensitivity to CO2 was depressed more severely between 6 and 16 h. The results indicated that epinephrine 1/200,000 reduces vascular absorption of epidural morphine and intensifies all the manifestations of cord and brainstem uptake.
 ...
PMID:Influence of epinephrine as an adjuvant to epidural morphine. 682 60


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>