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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sparfloxacin (SPFX), a new oral quinolone antimicrobial, was evaluated for the clinical efficacy against skin/soft tissue structural and osteomyelitic infections. SPFX was administered to a total of 101 patients with various infections such as infected atheroma, periproctal abscess, subcutaneous abscess, wound infections, felon, cellulitis, furuncle, pilonidal sinus, sappurative mastitis, lymphangitis, hemorrhoidal fistula, osteomyelitis. The clinical efficacy in the evaluable 101 cases was assessed by the physician in charge as excellent in 19 cases, good in 64, fair in 11 and poor in 7, the efficacy rate being 82.2%. In contrast, the clinical efficacy in 101 evaluable cases by the criteria of the committee as excellent in 36 cases, good in 45, fair in 8, and poor in 12, the efficacy rate being 80.2%. Clinical efficacy rating was not significantly difference between 200 mg/day group and 300 mg/day group. The bacteriological eradication rate was 86.5% in 53 cases with monomicrobial infection and 90.3% in 33 cases with polymicrobial infections. Of 18 cases whose infections were previously intractable with other drugs and treated thereafter with SPFX, 15 were judged in the efficacy as excellent or good. The side effects observed in 2 cases during the treatment were epigastralgia and nausea which were tolerable and did not require withdrawal of SPFX. No abnormal laboratory value was found in the several required tests. The MIC values measured for 108 strains (90.0%) of 120 clinical isolated of 35 species were lower than 0.78 microgram/ml.
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PMID:[The dose-response study of sparfloxacin against skin and soft tissue structure infections in the field of surgery]. 823 Jul 38

The safety profile of sparfloxacin, a newer fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was examined through an integrated analysis of safety data from 6 multicenter phase III trials. These consisted of 5 double-masked, randomized, comparative trials of sparfloxacin (a 400-mg oral loading dose followed by 200 mg/d for 10 days) versus standard therapies (erythromycin, cefaclor, ofloxacin, clarithromycin, and ciprofloxacin) and I open-label trial (noncomparative) in patients with: community-acquired pneumonia (2 trials); acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (1 trial); acute maxillary sinusitis (2 trials, one of which was the noncomparative trial); and complicated skin and skin-structure infections (1 trial). Overall, 401 (25.3%) of 1585 patients treated with sparfloxacin and 374 (28.1%) of 1331 receiving a comparator regimen experienced at least 1 adverse event considered to be related to the study medication. Photosensitivity reactions, usually of mild-to-moderate severity, were seen more frequently with sparfloxacin (7.4%) than with comparator agents (0.5%), whereas gastrointestinal reactions (diarrhea, nausea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, vomiting, and flatulence), insomnia, and taste perversion were more common in patients taking comparator drugs (22.3% vs 12.1%, 4.3% vs 1.5%, and 2.9% vs 1.2%, respectively). Analysis of electrocardiographic findings showed that the mean change from baseline in QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) was significantly greater in sparfloxacin-treated patients (10 msec) than in patients given comparator drugs (3 msec), but no associated ventricular arrhythmias were detected. Adverse events led to discontinuation of study medication in 104 (6.6%) patients receiving sparfloxacin and 118 (8.9%) given com parator drugs. Sparfloxacin may be considered an appropriate choice for the treatment of certain community-acquired infections for patients who are not at risk for photosensitivity reactions or adverse events associated with prolongation of the QTc interval.
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PMID:Safety profile of sparfloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone antibiotic. 1009 Apr 32

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common illness, with > or =30% of all women experiencing a UTI during their lifetime. Less than a decade ago, the standard therapy for acute uncomplicated UTIs involved treatment with > or =7 days of an antibacterial agent, but recent studies using a variety of newly introduced antibiotics, including the fluoroquinolones, have demonstrated that a 1- to 5-day treatment regimen can be equally effective. This randomized, double-masked, multicenter study was conducted to compare the efficacy and tolerability of a single dose of sparfloxacin with those of a 3-day regimen of sparfloxacin and a 7-day regimen of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of women with community-acquired acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection. A total of 1175 women were enrolled; 395 received sparfloxacin as a single 400-mg dose on day 1, 394 received sparfloxacin as a 400-mg loading dose on day 1 followed by 200 mg once daily for 2 additional days, and 386 received ciprofloxacin 250 mg twice daily for 7 days. Patients were comparable with respect to demographic characteristics and underlying conditions. A total of 954 patients were clinically assessable; 490 of these were also bacteriologically assessable. All patients treated were included in the tolerability analysis. Escherichia coli (75.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.9%), Enterococcus faecalis (4.6%), and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (4.1%) were the most commonly isolated organisms. In the all-treated population, clinical success was achieved 5 to 9 days after therapy in 91.8%, 92.2%, and 91.6% of patients in the single-dose sparfloxacin, 3-day sparfloxacin, and 7-day ciprofloxacin groups, respectively; bacteriologic success was observed in 91.7%, 92.6%, and 96.6% of those in the 3 groups. Sustained clinical success rates 4 to 6 weeks after therapy were 76.6%, 80.2%, and 79.5% in the single-dose sparfloxacin, 3-day sparfloxacin, and 7-day ciprofloxacin groups, respectively; sustained bacteriologic success rates were 80.7%, 90.1%, and 92.6%. The most common adverse events were nausea, headache, vaginal thrush, dizziness, and diarrhea; >92% of adverse events were mild or moderate in severity. The 2 drugs had comparable frequencies of adverse events, except for photosensitivity, which occurred in 3.3% of the 3-day sparfloxacin group, 1.3% of the single-dose sparfloxacin group, and 0.3% of the ciprofloxacin group (P = 0.005). The 3-day sparfloxacin regimen was effective and well tolerated. The initial response to single-dose sparfloxacin treatment was comparable to the response to the other 2 regimens, but the single-dose regimen proved less effective over time, with higher rates of clinical recurrence and bacteriologic relapse. Sparfloxacin provides an alternative to ciprofloxacin for patients with acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection who are not at risk for photosensitivity reactions or adverse events associated with a prolonged corrected QT interval.
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PMID:Comparison of sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women. Sparfloxacin Multicenter Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection Study Group. 1044 Jun 21

Between December, 1996 and July, 1997, 14 patients of advanced tuberculosis with a mean history of prior treatment of 27.4 months were put on oral Sparfloxacin 200 mg daily. One case each had lumbar spine and pelvic bone disease with abscesses, one had subcostal abscess and another had subpulmonic effusion. The remaining 10 cases had moderate clinical illness with tuberculosis (meningitis (1), massive pneumonia (1)). There was an early dramatic response to the new regime, (Sparfloxacin given along with PAS, isoniazide (2), PH with R or Doxy (2), SHRZ (4), RH (1), RHZ (2), SHRE (1), and RH + Cy Eth (1)). The only side-effect complaint was nausea. The response was good (clinical 3+ or more: 11; Radiographic > 50%: 11; smear conversion: 12) in 12 cases; one case with tuberculous meningitis died seven weeks after a temporary improvement.
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PMID:Early experience with sparfloxacin in tuberculosis. 1122 60

Significant safety issues that have arisen with fluoroquinolones include phototoxicity, cardiotoxicity, tendinitis, CNS effects and drug interactions. Ciprofloxacin is well tolerated; the incidence of adverse events is low and serious adverse events are rare. Levofloxacin has a reduced CNS adverse event rate compared with ofloxacin. Sparfloxacin has significant phototoxicity and potential cardiac toxicity. Grepafloxacin has significantly increased adverse event rates, particularly gastrointestinal intolerance. Taste perversion and nausea are common. Trovafloxacin has an increased potential for CNS adverse reactions, notably dizziness. Post-marketing surveillance data indicate the possibility of serious hepatic reactions and pancreatitis. Interactions between fluoroquinolones and drugs metabolised by the hepatic cytochrome P450 system affect the clearance of theophylline and caffeine. Quinolone absorption is significantly reduced by co-administration of antacids. Hospitalised patients are likely to be receiving multiple-drug therapy, but drug interactions are avoidable. The interactions of specific fluoroquinolones should be checked prior to prescription.
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PMID:Safety of the new fluoroquinolones compared with ciprofloxacin. 1141 83