Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Postoperative nausea and vomiting are common after recovery from anesthesia. We examined the prophylactic effect of granisetron on postoperative nausea and vomiting in 120 female patients (ASA physical status I) undergoing gynecologic surgery. They were randomly allocated to one of three groups (n = 40 for each): saline (as a control), granisetron 20 micrograms/kg, and granisetron 40 micrograms/kg. Saline or granisetron was given intravenously (IV) over 5 min approximately 30 min before the end of anesthesia. Nausea, vomiting, and safety assessments were performed during the 24-h recovery period. For the 24-h period after surgery, the number of emesis-free patients was significantly larger in the granisetron groups than in the control group (83%, 78%, and 20% of patients receiving granisetron 20 micrograms/kg and 40 micrograms/kg, and saline, respectively). Granisetron at both doses also was superior to the control for the prevention of nausea over the 24-h study period (nausea visual analog scales at 24-h postsurgery: 49 mm, 17 mm, and 18 mm in the control, granisetron 20 micrograms/kg, and granisetron 40 micrograms/kg groups, respectively). Fewer patients received "rescue" antiemetics in the granisetron groups than in the control group (10%, 10%, and 43% of patients in granisetron 20 micrograms/kg and 40 micrograms/kg, and the control groups, respectively). The adverse events in the granisetron groups were similar to those in the control group. The administration of granisetron had no significant effect on vital signs or clinical laboratory test profiles. Granisetron given at 20 or 40 micrograms/kg i.v. during anesthesia appears to be a simple, effective, and safe method for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting.
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PMID:The antiemetic efficacy of prophylactic granisetron in gynecologic surgery. 772 41

The antiemetic efficacy of a combination of granisetron and clonazepam was investigated in 39 gynecological cancer patients treated with cisplatin. Granisetron (3 mg/body/day) was administered by intravenous drip infusion before and 24 hours after anticancer drug administration, and clonazepam was taken orally twice a day. With a combination of granisetron and clonazepam, excellent efficacy was found in 87% (34/39) of the cases. Delayed emesis occurred in 38% (13/34), but the degree of nausea was mild. Clinically, antiemetic therapy with a combination of granisetron and clonazepam demonstrated superior antiemetic effects and seems to be useful for controlling nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:[The prevention of cancer chemotherapy-induced emesis with granisetron and clonazepam]. 785 98

From December 1991 to September 1992, 20 patients due to receive total body irradiation (TBI) prior to allogenic or autologus bone marrow transplantation were given granisetron (Kytril) in order to prevent intestinal (nausea and vomiting) early intolerance. TBI regimen was delivered on a fractional basis of six fractions, over 3 days. Twelve grays were delivered with a lung protection decreasing the pulmonary dose to 9 Gy. Granisetron (3 mg) was administered by a 5-min intravenous infusion, 1 h before TBI. Up to two further infusions were given if nausea or vomiting occurred. The pretreatment perfusion was sufficient to prevent nausea and vomiting in 10/20 patients, one additional post-treatment perfusion was necessary in 7/20 patients, and two in 1/20 patients. In 2/20 cases, nausea and vomiting persisted in spite of three perfusions. Excellent or good efficacy was noted in 15/20 patients and a minor (or no) efficacy in five. Granisetron appears to be superior to the conventional anti emetic schemes to prevent nausea and vomiting in patients receiving TBI for bone marrow transplantation.
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PMID:[Value of granisetron in the prevention of digestive disorders in total body irradiation]. 789 22

In order to determine the optimal effective dose of granisetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting, the drug was administered in doses of either 20, 40 or 60 micrograms.kg-1. The efficacy of granisetron was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind comparison with placebo in 100 patients undergoing general anaesthesia for major gynaecological surgery. The patients received a single dose of either granisetron or placebo (saline) iv immediately after recovery from anaesthesia. The effects were assessed during the 24 hr after recovery from anaesthesia by means of a nausea and vomiting score; 0 = no emetic symptoms, 1 = nausea, 2 = vomiting. The treatment groups were similar for patient characteristics, surgical procedures and anaesthetics administered. The mean scores were 0.7, 0.6, 0.2 and 0.2 after administration of placebo, granisetron 20, 40 and 60 micrograms.kg-1, respectively. Granisetron 40 micrograms.kg-1 was as effective as 60 micrograms.kg-1 and both resulted in reduction of the scores compared with placebo and granisetron 20 micrograms.kg-1 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, granisetron 40 micrograms.kg-1 is considered to be the appropriate dosage for preventing postoperative emesis after anaesthesia.
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PMID:Optimal anti-emetic dose of granisetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. 2318 32

Twenty-three patients with gynecological cancer who were treated with 85 cycles of cytotoxic chemotherapy containing platinum received intravenous granisetron repeatedly. Granisetron (3 mg/body) was drip-infused twice for each cycle at a 24-hour interval. The antiemetic efficacy was evaluated and compared for each day and each cycle, and analysed using the chi-square and H tests. There were no significant differences between the first cycle and the subsequent second through fifth cycles in the severity of nausea and the frequency of vomiting. The latter tended to increase in the second day of each cycle. These results indicated that granisetron does not decrease in antiemetic efficacy by repeated administration during multiple cycles of anti-cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Antiemetic efficacy of the repeated use of granisetron in multiple cycles of anti-cancer chemotherapy]. 799 17

In this double-blind study, the efficacy and safety of a single intravenous dose of a novel antiemetic, granisetron, was assessed at two dose levels (40 micrograms/kg and 160 micrograms/kg). A group of 355 patients were given prophylactic granisetron prior to receiving high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy. In the first 24 h, 57% and 59% of patients, respectively, experienced no vomiting and no more than mild nausea. Two further doses of granisetron (40 micrograms/kg) were permitted in the first 24 h to treat any emergent symptoms of nausea and vomiting; 66 patients (39%) in the 40-micrograms/kg treatment group and 56 patients (34%) in the 160-micrograms/kg group received at least one additional dose. Additional treatment with granisetron resulted in resolution or improvement of symptoms in at least 73% of these patients. Over the 7-day study period, 52% of patients in the lower-dose group and 48% in the higher required no further conventional antiemetic therapy. The two different dose levels were equal both in terms in efficacy and safety. Granisetron was well tolerated throughout the dose range of the study [40-240 micrograms kg-1 (24 h)-1]. The commonest adverse event was headache, seen in 14%-16% of patients. In all but one case this resolved spontaneously or responded to simple treatment.
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PMID:A dose-finding study of granisetron, a novel antiemetic, in patients receiving high-dose cisplatin. Granisetron Study Group. 803 4

Granisetron, a potent and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5-HT3) antagonist was reported to be an effective antiemetic agent both in animal studies and in patients given highly emetogenic chemotherapy. A sample of 43 patients with breast cancer was accrued from September to November 1992 in a phase II study to assess the efficacy of granisetron in patients receiving FEC (5-FU, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide). Each patient received 3 mg intravenous granisetron as a single dose just prior to chemotherapy. Oral metoclopromide was prescribed to each patient as a rescue anti-emetic. The emetic episodes and degree of nausea were evaluated on a daily basis. Good control of emesis (0-2 episodes of vomiting) and nausea (mild or no nausea) was in the range 77%-98% and 77%-93% respectively. There was a complete response (no emetic episodes throughout the 6-day period) in 16 patients (37.2%). Onset of emesis tends to occur on day 1 and tend to subside after day 3; 85% of patients had onset of emesis in the first 2 days after chemotherapy. Control of emesis and nausea tends to improve after day 3, which could be the result of the reduced emetogenicity of the combination FEC with time. Altogether, 77% had good control of acute emesis; control of delayed emesis was better with 84% achieving a major response on day 2 after chemotherapy, which improved to more than 90% after day 4. Granisetron was generally tolerated with headache being the most common side-effect followed by constipation and flushing. This study suggests that granisetron is an effective and well-tolerated anti-emetic agent, which deserves randomised trials to elucidate its efficacy further.
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PMID:Control of emesis by intravenous granisetron in breast cancer patients treated with 5-FU, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. 803 7

Granisetron (3 mg/body) was administered immediately before single CDDP administration (80 mg/m2 or more) to 53 patients with lung cancer. This chemotherapy was performed a total of 73 times. Concerning Grade 2 or 3 nausea and vomiting, good conditions were observed on day 1 (day of treatment), most marked aggravation on day 2, and initiation of improvement on day 4. Vomiting was slight on day 1, most aggravated on day 2, but began to improve on day 3; good results were generally observed thereafter. Decreased appetite was slight on day 1, but was most aggravated on day 3 and 4; its recovery was delayed even until day 7. In the treatment for delayed emesis, comparison was made among the group treated with granisetron alone who did not require treatment for delayed emesis, the group with delayed emesis treated with granisetron, and the group with delayed emesis treated with drugs other than granisetron. Slightly better results were observed in terms of nausea, vomiting, and the frequency of vomiting in the group treated with granisetron alone on days 2 and 3. However, no significant difference was observed in decreased appetite among the 3 groups. Granisetron had no side effects and was safe. It inhibited vomiting, but measures to improve decreased appetite are needed.
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PMID:[Clinical effects and safety of granisetron administration against CDDP chemotherapy in lung cancer. Lung Cancer Study Group]. 806 Jan 41

The efficacy of Granisetron, a new and selective 5HT3-receptor-antagonist in the treatment of cytostatic induced emesis, was tested in the department of gynaecology and obstetrics of the University of Essen on 77 patients. The patients received cytostatic drugs with a high emetogenic potency (for example cisplatin) or with a moderately high emetogenic potency (for example cyclophosphamide). We were able to demonstrate the high antiemetic efficacy of Granisetron. We had in 63% of the cases a "complete response" during the first 24 h after the chemotherapy and a "complete response" of 60% for the "delayed emesis". The observed adverse reactions such as constipation and headache were easily solved with standard laxatives or standard analgesics. Because of the high efficacy of Granisetron, which was combined with a low rate of side effects, it was possible to give to all the 77 patients the complete and necessary chemotherapy, so that no patient refused to receive the chemotherapy just because of nausea or emesis. The use of Granisetron is therefore a major step forward in the care of patients receiving chemotherapy because nausea and emesis can be treated effectively.
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PMID:[Granisetron, a new and potent antiemetic for treatment of cytostatic drug-induced vomiting in gynecological malignancies]. 815 Feb 51

The efficacy and safety of a novel antiemetic, granisetron, was assessed at two dose levels (40 micrograms/kg and 160 micrograms/kg) in a randomized, double-blind study of 504 patients undergoing treatment with a range of standard cytostatic therapies. In the first 24 h, 75% of patients in the lower-dose group and 81% in the higher were complete responders (i.e. experienced no vomiting and no, or only mild, nausea). Two additional doses of granisetron (40 micrograms/kg) were allowed on the first day to treat any symptoms of nausea and vomiting. This produced improvement or resolution of symptoms in 94% of patients in the lower-dose group and 97% of patients in the higher-dose group. Over the 7 days of the study a complete response was maintained by 56% of patients in each group. No differences in efficacy or safety between the two doses of granisetron were established. Granisetron was very well tolerated. The commonest adverse event was headache, occurring in about 15% of patients, which required no more than simple analgesia. No extrapyramidal effects were observed. There was no relationship between the total dose of granisetron and the number or severity of specific adverse events.
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PMID:A dose-finding study of granisetron, a novel antiemetic, in patients receiving cytostatic chemotherapy. The Granisetron Study Group. 838 88


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