Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This italian multicentre, double blind, parallel groups study compared the efficacy, safety and tolerability of oral sumatriptan, given as new film-coated tablet, with placebo in the acute treatment of migraine. 88 Patients received placebo and 162 patients received sumatriptan 100 mg (plus an optional dose 2 h later if the headache persisted plus a further optional dose for recurrence within 24 h). Sumatriptan was significantly more effective than placebo at releiving headache at 2 h (51% versus 31%, P = 0.003) and 4 h (71% versus 35%, P < 0.001). Fewer sumatriptan-treated patients required a second dose compared with placebo-treated patients (49% versus 74%, P < 0.001). Sumatriptan was more effective than placebo at relieving nausea, vomiting and photophobia/phonophobia. Few patients were evaluable for treatment of headache recurrence, and statistical analysis was not possible. More sumatriptan-treated patients than placebo-treated patients reported adverse events (29% versus 16%) but the difference was not statistically significant. More of these events were mild to moderate in severity, of short duration and resolved without treatment. Sumatriptan had no clinically significant effect on blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram or laboratory test results. It is concluded that oral sumatriptan 100 mg, given as a film-coated, tablet, provides an effective and well-tolerated acute treatment for migraine.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of the efficacy of oral sumatriptan in the management of migraine attacks. Clinical results]. 872 Mar 48

That sumatriptan tablets are effective and well tolerated in the acute treatment of migraine has been established, but the relationship between dose and efficacy has not been adequately defined to date in clinical trials. This multinational double-blind trial (N = 1003) in which patients treated up to three migraine attacks with sumatriptan 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, or placebo, with a second independently randomized dose for headache recurrence, evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of three doses of sumatriptan. The results demonstrate that all doses of sumatriptan were superior (P < 0.05) to placebo in reducing moderate or severe predose headache to mild or no headache 4 hours postdose for each of the three treated attacks; sumatriptan 50 mg and 100 mg were each superior (P < 0.05) to sumatriptan 25 mg 4 hours postdose for two of three attacks. Sumatriptan (all doses) was similarly effective at relieving nausea and photophobia or phonophobia or both and at reducing clinical disability. Headache recurrence was experienced by similar proportions of patients across treatment groups (35% to 48% after placebo; 26% to 39% after sumatriptan). Relief of recurrent headache 2 hours after the second dose of study medication occurred in greater percentages of patients using any dose of sumatriptan compared with patients using placebo to treat recurrence. The incidence of adverse events with 25-mg and 50-mg sumatriptan tablets was similar to the incidence with placebo and lower than the incidence with 100-mg sumatriptan tablets. These data provide the first demonstration from a large well-controlled clinical trial that both the 50- and 100-mg doses are more effective than the 25-mg dose and that the 50-mg dose is associated with a lower incidence of adverse events than the 100-mg dose.
 ...
PMID:Efficacy and safety of sumatriptan tablets (25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg) in the acute treatment of migraine: defining the optimum doses of oral sumatriptan. 956 8

In order to investigate headache related to intravenous immunoglobulin, we studied a 36-year-old woman with a history of migraine receiving weekly intravenous immunoglobulin for refractory myasthenia gravis who experienced severe headaches with each treatment. Neurological examination, CT scan of the head, and a lumber puncture after the first headache were normal. Significant therapeutic response was based upon 50% reduction in pain and associated features. Headache features included throbbing pain which worsened with head movement and was associated with severe photophobia and nausea. Sumatriptan, 6 mg subcutaneous, reduced headache significantly with resolution of associated complaints. Treatment prior to intravenous immunoglobulin with dihydroergotamine mesylate resulted in development of only a mild dull ache without further development of severe head pain. Dihydroergotamine mesylate was also abortive in the few instances when the headache worsened. Headaches associated with intravenous immunoglobulin may have features of migraine and may be successfully prevented and/or treated with 5-HT1D receptor agonists.
 ...
PMID:Successful treatment of headache related to intravenous immunoglobulin with antimigraine medications. 959 75

Migraine is a paroxysmal disorder with attacks of headache, nausea, vomiting, photo- and phonophobia and malaise. Mild migraine attacks are treated with antiemetics followed by analgesics such as aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), paracetamol (acetaminophen) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Moderate to severe attacks are treated by antiemetics combined with ergotamine or dihydroergotamine. Sumatriptan, a specific serotonin 5-HT1B/D receptor agonist, is used if attacks do not respond to ergotamine or if intolerable adverse effects occur. The new migraine drugs zolmitriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan and eletriptan differ in their pharmacological profile from sumatriptan, but this translates into only minor differences in efficacy, headache recurrence and adverse effects. Migraine prophylaxis should be implemented when more than 3 attacks occur per month, if attacks do not respond to acute treatment or if the adverse effects of acute treatment are severe. Substances with proven efficacy include the beta-blockers metoprolol and propranolol and the calcium antagonist flunarizine. Drugs less effective or those with unpleasant adverse effects are the serotonin receptor antagonists (pizotifen, methysergide and lisuride), dihydroergotamine, cyclandelate, NSAIDs, valproic acid (sodium valproate) and amitriptyline. The efficacy of aspirin or magnesium is still under evaluation.
 ...
PMID:A practical guide to the management and prevention of migraine. 982 55

Migraine is a common illness characterised by severe, often throbbing and/or unilateral headache, which may be accompanied by sensitivity to light or noise. A minority of migraine attacks are preceded by transient visual or sensory disturbances. Migraine is associated with reductions in health-related quality of life both during and between attacks. Despite methodological limitations in cost-of-illness studies, it is clear that the cost of migraine to society is substantial. Indirect costs (primarily workplace productivity losses) make up 75 to 90% of total costs. Direct costs, such as the cost of drug treatment, physician consultation, hospitalisation and emergency room treatment, make up most of the remainder. Sumatriptan is an effective and well tolerated agent in the treatment of migraine. Its main advantage over other agents used in the acute management of migraine appears to be its rapid onset of action. Sumatriptan reduces headache severity within 2 hours of oral administration in 50 to 67% of patients and within 1 hour of subcutaneous administration in 70 to 80% of patients. Headache recurs in approximately 40% of patients who initially respond to oral or subcutaneous sumatriptan; however, a second dose of the drug is effective against the symptoms of recurrence in a majority of patients. Some patients experience relief of non-headache migraine symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia. Adverse events reported after sumatriptan are generally mild and transient. Data from studies of patients who used their usual therapies and sumatriptan in nonblinded, sequential phases indicate that both workplace and nonworkplace productivity losses were reduced during sumatriptan therapy. A cost-benefit analysis applied to some of these workplace productivity data indicated that, including direct costs and productivity savings, sumatriptan was associated with a net reduction in total cost of migraine. In retrospective cost analyses, sumatriptan was associated with increased prescription costs: the effect of the drug on other direct treatment costs was less clear. A retrospective pharmacoeconomic model suggested that the cost-effectiveness of subcutaneous sumatriptan versus subcutaneous dihydroergotamine depended on which outcome measure was of greatest interest. For measures of rapid relief of migraine, sumatriptan was superior, but the cost of achieving rapid relief was substantial. Sumatriptan improved global quality-of-life scores compared with patients' usual therapy in a randomised crossover trial and appeared to do the same when the drugs were administered in nonblinded, sequential phases in trials which used general and migraine-specific quality-of-life instruments. Thus, sumatriptan is associated with a fast onset of action and improvements in health-related quality of life in patients with migraine. However, the cost of achieving rapid relief of migraine symptoms may be substantial. Compared with patients' usual treatments, sumatriptan appeared to reduce workplace and non-workplace productivity losses. However, few economic data from well controlled prospective comparisons of sumatriptan with other available agents are available to quantify the effect of sumatriptan on the overall cost of migraine.
 ...
PMID:Sumatriptan. A pharmacoeconomic review of its use in migraine. 1016 35

Two-hundred-and-seventy-eight patients with acute migraine attacks with or without aura were treated in 17 centers with 1.8 g lysine acetylsalicylate i.v. (Aspisol; = 1 g acetylsalicylic acid), 6 mg sumatriptan s.c. or placebo using a double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, multicenter parallel group study design. Two-hundred-and-seventy-five of them fulfilled the criteria for efficacy analysis, corresponding to 119 patients treated with lysine acetylsalicylate (L-ASA), 114 with sumatriptan and 42 with placebo injections. Both treatments were highly effective compared to placebo (p < 0.0001) in decreasing headache from severe or moderate to mild or none (verbal rating scale, VRS, placebo = 23.8%). Sumatriptan showed a significantly (p = 0.001) better response (91.2%) compared to L-ASA (response 73.9%). Of the patients in the L-ASA-group, 43.7% were pain-free after 2 h; 76.3% after sumatriptan and 14.3% after placebo. It took patients on average 12.6 (L-ASA), 8.2 (sumatriptan), and 19.4 h (placebo) to be able to work again. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in recurrence of headache in responders within 24 h (18.2% L-ASA, 23.1% sumatriptan, 20% placebo). Accompanying symptoms (nausea, vomiting; photophobia, phonophobia, and visual disturbances) improved with both verum treatments to a similar extent. L-ASA was significantly better tolerated than sumatriptan (adverse events L-ASA 7.6%, sumatriptan 37.8%). In conclusion, subcutaneous sumatriptan and lysine acetylsalicylate i.v. are effective treatments for patients suffering from migraine attacks. Sumatriptan is more effective, but resulted in more adverse events.
 ...
PMID:Efficacy and safety of intravenous acetylsalicylic acid lysinate compared to subcutaneous sumatriptan and parenteral placebo in the acute treatment of migraine. A double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, multicenter, parallel group study. The ASASUMAMIG Study Group. 1044 45

Migraine is a paroxysmal disorder characterized by attacks of headache, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, and malaise. This review summarizes new treatment options for therapy of the acute attack. Mild or moderate migraine attacks are treated with antiemetics followed by analgesics such as aspirin, paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or antiemetics combined with ergotamine or dihydroergotamine. Sumatriptan, a specific serotonin (5-HT)1B/D agonist is used when attacks do not respond to ergotamine, or when intolerable side effects occur. The new migraine drugs zolmitriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, and eletriptan differ slightly in their pharmacological profiles, which translates into minor differences in efficacy, headache recurrence, and side effects. New drugs in migraine prophylaxis include cyclandelate, valproic acid and magnesium.
 ...
PMID:Antimigraine drugs. 1046 49

Migraine is a paroxysmal disorder characterized by attacks of headache, nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia, and malaise. This review summarizes new treatment options for the therapy of acute attacks. Sumatriptan was the first specific serotonin-1B/D agonist for the treatment of acute migraine attacks. Apart from the oral and subcutaneous formulation, it is also available as nasal spray and suppository. The other new migraine drugs zolmitriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan and eletriptan differ in their pharmacological profiles, which translates into minor differences in efficacy, headache recurrence and side-effects. Importantly, in clinical practice individual patients may show a preference for one treatment over another. New drugs in migraine treatment include substance-P antagonists, nitric oxide synthetase inhibitors and calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists.
 ...
PMID:Acute management of migraine: triptans and beyond. 1049 71

Sumatriptan, a 5HT1 receptor agonist, inhibits antral motor activity, delays gastric emptying and relaxes the gastric fundus. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of sumatriptan on transpyloric flow and gastric accommodation during and immediately after ingestion of a liquid meal using duplex sonography. Ten healthy subjects were investigated twice on separate days. In random order either sumatriptan 6 mg (Imigran 0.5 mL) or a placebo were given s.c. 15 min before ingesting 500 mL of a meat soup. The subjects were examined during the 3-min period before ingestion of the liquid meal, the 3-min spent drinking the meal and 10 min postprandially. Sumatriptan caused a significant widening of both the gastric antrum (P=0.02) and the proximal stomach (P=0.01) 10 min postprandially as compared with placebo. It caused no significant differences in time to initial gastric emptying (P=0.2), but significantly delayed commencement of peristaltic-related transpyloric flow (P=0.04). Sumatriptan had no significant effect on mean abdominal symptom scores, but after sumatriptan there was a significant negative correlation between width of postprandial antral area and postprandial nausea and between width of postprandial antral area and postprandial bloating. We therefore conclude that sumatriptan causes a postprandial dilatation of both the distal and the proximal stomach with no change in dyspeptic symptoms nor in length of time to first gastric emptying. Time to commencement of peristaltic-related emptying is delayed.
 ...
PMID:Influence of a 5HT1 receptor agonist on gastric accommodation and initial transpyloric flow in healthy subjects. 1065 16

To date, there have been no reports on the use of propranolol in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-induced migraine; we describe a 32-year-old woman who was successfully treated with propranolol for this condition. Over a course of ECT, the patient developed increasingly severe migraine which was refractory to treatment with acetaminophen, codeine, and naproxen. Sumatriptan did not relieve the headache and aggravated the nausea. Successful migraine relief was achieved with a combination of propranolol and naproxen, administered before and after ECT. Propranolol reduced blood pressure and decreased the heart rate, measured before and immediately after ECT. Propranolol, possibly in combination with naproxen, may be useful in both acute and prophylactic treatment of post-ECT migraine.
 ...
PMID:Successful use of propranolol in migraine associated with electroconvulsive therapy. 1116 10


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>