Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A woman, now 28 years old, was diagnosed 6 years ago as chronic glomerulonephritis by renal biopsy. From August 15, 1975 she complained of nausea, loss of appetite and weight (about 7 kg within 2 weeks). Severe hypertension (200/130 mmHg), hyponatremia (123 mEq/liter), anemia, elevated plasma renin activity (PRA), advanced azotemia, and eye ground changes of KW-II were found. Dialysis treatment was started on September 2, 1975. From November 1975 massive amounts of sodium (5,000 mEq or more monthly) and water (26 liters or more monthly) were removed by the dialysis. These intensive dialyses resulted in an elevated PRA with recurrence of severe hypertension. At the end of March 1976 she became almost blind with retinopathy of KW-IV. Potent hypotensive drugs including beta-blockers were administered, but no improvements were obtained. On March 31, 1976 nephrectomy was performed to save her life. Marked hyalinization of glomeruli and heavy thickening of intima in interlobular arteries were found in the removed kidneys. Renal artery stenosis was not recognized either macroscopically or histologically. In this patient, the amount of sodium removed by the dialysis was dependent on her diastolic blood pressure and sodium concentration of the dialysis. It may be concluded that too enthusiastic dialysis may develop malignant hypertension due to excessive renin release.
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PMID:Development of malignant hypertension in patients with uremia under hemodialysis: a case report and discussions on its etiology. 703 89

A tilt-table test was administered to five young men before (test 1) and after (test 2) 8 days of heat acclimation (2-h daily exercise at 50% VO2max at 40 degrees db, 30 degrees C wb) and to five other young men before and after the same exercise at 24 degrees C to determine fluid-electrolyte and endocrine responses in orthostasis in fainters and nonfainters. Half of the 10 subjects showed improved orthostatic reactions from test 1 to test 2 (disappearance of nausea and dizziness and improved heart rate and blood pressure), and the other 5 subjects showed no improvement. The improvement, especially in the nonfainters, was related to increases in posttilt plasma volume (PV) and plasma concentration of potassium. During test 1, plasma renin activity (PRA) increased five times from supine to orthostatis, with a corresponding increase in plasma vasopressin (ADH) of 50 times. The corresponding increases in test 2 were lower by 50 and 75% compared with those occurring in test 1 for PRA and ADH, respectively. PRA was five times higher in nonfainters than in fainters in test 1, whereas ADH showed an opposite trend. The orthostatic-induced increase in ADH seems to be related to volume control independent of PRA. This increase is reduced with improvement in orthostatic reactions, probably because of an increase in PV.
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PMID:Orthostatic fluid-electrolyte and endocrine responses in fainters and nonfainters. 731 73

The diuretic therapy of patients with idiopathic edema is known to induce a secondary aldosteronism, which perpetuates edema formation and exacerbates the clinical symptoms. The observation of a decreased excretion of dopamine in these patients suggests that a treatment with the orally active dopamine agonist bromocriptine might be beneficial. Nine patients with typical symptoms of idiopathic edema, which had been present for several years, were treated with bromocriptine (Pravidel) 2 X 2.5 mg/die. The response to therapy was assessed clinically by the normalization of diurnal weight gain and general well-being. Seven patients showed a good response to bromocriptine, in one patient the response was only modest, and in one patient the medication had to be stopped because of nausea. Bromocriptine normalized diurnal weight gain without inducing weight loss. Both without therapy and during bromocriptine treatment electrolytes in serum, blood pressure, plasma renin activity and aldosterone are within the normal range. From the present pilot study it can be concluded that bromocriptine is an effective alternative to the traditional diuretic therapy in some patients with idiopathic edema. It remains unclear, whether the beneficial effect of bromocriptine reveals a dopamine deficiency, or whether bromocriptine is only a symptomatic treatment.
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PMID:[Bromocriptine in patients with idiopathic edema (author's transl)]. 732 84

The discovery of an iso-renin angiotensin (AII) system within the central nervous system (CNS) led investigators to theorize a physiological and/or pathological role for the central actions of AII. Activation of central AII receptors in specific brain regions elicits antidiuretic, dipsogenic and pressor responses subsequently producing net body fluid retention. Removal of hydrostatic forces during weightlessness causes a massive translocation of body fluids to the thoraco-abdominal region; physiological adaptation to such a change is manifested as adipsia and net body fluid loss. It is suggested that these events may result from a decrease in the CNS-mediated effects of AII due to suppression of circulating AII levels. Depressed AII activity in the area postrema (AP) may also be responsible for the atypical nausea characteristic of space sickness.
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PMID:Circulatory and vestibular implications of central angiotensin mechanisms in physiological adaptation to weightlessness. 733 45

Application of the common marmoset to pharmacological studies was reviewed, especially employment of the animal as a model of Parkinson's disease were presented. The common marmoset is one of the New World monkeys with a body weight of 300-350 g. It is small enough to be easily handled and to be kept as a group in a room. In the fields of pharmacology, it has been used in studies of plasma renin activity inhibitors, lipoprotein, memory/learning, obstetrics, transplantation, toxicology, anxiolytic agents and virology/immunology. We showed that the common marmoset was a useful animal for studies on Parkinson's disease, dopamine metabolism by microdialysis and nausea/vomiting. The common marmoset was sensitive to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and developed permanent parkinsonism after MPTP injection. MPTP-treated common marmosets showed tremor and akinesia, and it remarkably responded to antiparkinsonian agents. A dopamine D1 agonist, which caused stereotyped behavior in rats, did not reverse parkinsonism in humans. We showed this agent did not have any antiparkinsonian effects on MPTP-treated common marmosets. MAO has subtypes, A and B, that have differences of distribution in different species. MAO type B inhibitors were applied for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. MAO subtype B inhibitors do not cause any change in behavior or extracellular concentration of dopamine or its metabolites in rodents. In MPTP-treated common marmosets, however, administration of a MAO type B inhibitor increased the antiparkinsonian effects of levodopa and decreased dopamine metabolites. The common marmoset is a suitable animal for the study of MAO type B inhibitors.
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PMID:[Application of the common marmoset to pharmacological studies]. 759 May 19

Flosequinan (BTS 49465, 7-fluoro-1-methyl-3-methyl-sulphinyl-4-quinolone), a recently direct-acting vasodilator that should cause relatively less reflex tachycardia, was given in a single oral dose of 200 mg to 10 untreated patients with moderate to severe hypertension. Flosequinan caused a fall in blood pressure (BP) from 181/116 +/- 7/4 to 161/102 +/- 5/4 mm Hg (P < 0.05). The proportional decrease of mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 14.6% (P < 0.01). Together with the decrease of BP an increase of heart rate from 79 +/- 5 to 96 +/- 5 beats/min occurred (31 +/- 4%, P < 0.01). Forearm blood flow increased insignificantly (NS) from 3.7 +/- 0.6 to 5.5 +/- 1.5 ml/100 ml/min together with a small decrease in forearm vascular resistance from 47 +/- 7 to 39 +/- 7 arbitrary units (NS). Forearm venous distensibility remained stable around 0.03% mm Hg (NS). Neurohormonal parameters showed the consequences of systemic vasodilation: noradrenaline rose from 1.25 +/- 0.10 to 2.88 +/- 0.34 nmol/l (P < 0.01), adrenaline from 0.16 +/- 0.03 to 0.35 +/- 0.10 nmol/l (NS), plasma renin activity from 2.33 +/- 0.46 to 3.27 +/- 0.73 ng/ml/h (P < 0.05) and aldosterone from 14.31 +/- 2.47 to 26.3 +/- 8.02 ng/ml (P < 0.05). The serum concentrations of flosequinan and its major metabolite were within the therapeutic limits. Nine patients experienced minor side-effects such as headache, nausea and palpitations. We conclude that flosequinan has hypotensive efficacy with signs of systemic counter-regulatory mechanisms but without a clear forearm vasodilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Acute effects of flosequinan (BTS 49465) in untreated moderate to severe hypertension. 762 74

1. The effects of 1 h intravenous infusions of equimolar amounts of two putative 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) renal prodrugs, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP, 10 micrograms kg-1 min-1) and gamma-L-glutamyl-5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (glu-5-HTP, 16.6 micrograms kg-1 min-1) were examined in five healthy male volunteers in a randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. 2. Both compounds increased urinary excretion of 5-HT and there was greater extra-renal formation of 5-HT following 5-HTP administration than after glu-5-HTP. 3. Glu-5-HTP was significantly antinatriuretic. 5-HTP reduced mean urinary sodium excretion but this effect was not statistically significant. 4. 5-HTP, but not glu-5-HTP, significantly increased plasma aldosterone. There was no increase in plasma renin activity with either compound. 5. There were no significant changes in pulse rate or blood pressure. Two subjects complained of nausea at the end of 5-HTP infusion but none had any adverse reactions with glu-5-HTP. 6. The results of this study suggest that both prodrugs generate 5-HT in man and that glu-5-HTP is antinatriuretic. The glutamyl derivative may have greater renal specificity than 5-HTP and, as a result, causes less systemic side effects.
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PMID:A comparison of the effects of two putative 5-hydroxytryptamine renal prodrugs in normal man. 769 May 83

We reported a case of juxtaglomerular cell tumor, which excessively produced renin, resulting in secondary hypertension. A 25-year-old woman complained of headache and nausea. Hypertension and elevation of plasma renin activity were found by physical and laboratory examination. US and CT showed a space occupying lesion at upper pole of the right kidney. Angiography showed a hypovascular area at the corresponding area of the right kidney. Renin-secreting renal tumor of the right kidney was diagnosed and right nephrectomy was performed. Postoperatively, blood pressure and plasma renin activity became normalized and symptoms ameliorated. The juxtaglomerular cell tumor was pathologically confirmed and localization renin in the tumor cells was shown by immunohistochemical study. Forty one cases of juxtaglomerular cell tumor have been reported, since Robertson reported the first case. We discussed the clinical and pathological characteristics of the disease in this report.
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PMID:[Renin-secreting renal tumor. A case report]. 834 32

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the ACE inhibitor quinaprilat have been studied in six chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients and in six patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) after a single oral dose of 2.5 mg quinapril. Mean tmax and Cmax values (SEM) for quinaprilat in interdialytic HD patients were 4.0 (0) h and 84 (8.4) ng.ml-1 respectively, and they did not differ significantly from those in CAPD patients (4.7 (0.7) h and 64 (5.7) ng.ml-1). Elimination half lives were 30 (10.1) h (HD) and 34 (7.3) h (CAPD). Cmax, tmax, t1/2, and AUC were increased and CL was decreased compared to data reported previously after giving 2.5 mg to healthy subjects. Peritoneal clearance was calculated as 0.1 (0.1) ml.min-1, thus less than 0.5% of the dose were removed within 24 h by CAPD. ACE activity was suppressed by more than 93% between 4 and 24 h postdose (P < 0.001). It decreased in both groups with increasing plasma quinaprilat levels. Angiotensin II concentration compared to baseline was significantly decreased at 4 hours (-30.4 +/- 10%) and 24 h (-30 +/- 9.9%) (P < 0.05, n = 11), while active plasma renin concentration was still significantly increased at 48 h postdose (+ 60.2 +/- 14.5%, P < 0.01). Mean arterial pressure 24 h postdose was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in HD (-12 mmHg) and CAPD patients (-20 mm Hg). Only two patients reported unwanted effects (fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and weakness). In conclusion, due to its long lasting effect on ACE activity and on blood pressure in terminal renal failure a starting dose of quinapril 2.5 mg o.d. may be used in hypertensive HD and CAPD patients.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of quinaprilat after low dose quinapril in patients with terminal renal failure. 838 27

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, especially those with antiphospholipid antibodies, have a high incidence of arterial and venous thrombotic manifestations. However, renovascular hypertension (RVH) has been rarely reported in these patients. We describe here a 49-year-old female with antiphospholipid antibodies, complicated with RVH and presenting with sudden onset of severe hypertension, headache and nausea. She had experienced phlebitis and arterial thrombosis of the right leg. At the age of 38 years, she was diagnosed as SLE and steroid therapy was started, but she had poor drug compliance and irregularly visited our clinic. On admission, hypertension was recognized and abdominal bruit was audible on physical examination. Serological findings were compatible with SLE. She was also found to have IgG anti-cardiolipin antibody and lupus anticoagulant. Peripheral plasma renin activity (PRA) was elevated, and captopril test showed hyper-response of PRA with lowering of blood pressure. Renal echography and scintigram showed a small and poorly perfused right kidney. Selective angiography demonstrated a severe stenosis of the right renal artery at origin. A stenosis at the origin of both the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and celiac trunk was also detected. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed, achieving successful dilatation of the right renal artery and SMA, whereas the attempt to insert the catheter into the celiac trunk was unsuccessful. After this procedure, abdominal bruit has not been audible. Following the initiation of steroid pulse therapy combined with heparin and dipyridamole, her blood pressure was gradually depressed and the test for lupus anticoagulant became negative. Therefore, RVH of this patient is thought to be associated with antiphospholipid antibodies.
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PMID:[Renovascular hypertension associated with antiphospholipid antibodies in a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus]. 891 95


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