Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A factory survey was conducted in a plant where N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was in use during the production of polyurethane plastics and related materials. In all, 318 DMF-exposed workers (195 men and 123 women) and 143 non-exposed controls (67 men and 76 women) were examined for time-weighted average exposure (to DMF and other solvents by diffusive sampling), hematology, serum biochemistry, subjective symptoms, and clinical signs. Most of the exposed workers were exposed only to DMF, whereas others were exposed to a combination of DMF and toluene. DMF exposure in the former group was up to 7.0 ppm (geometric mean on a workshop basis), whereas it was up to 2.1 ppm in combination with 4.2 ppm toluene. Both hematology and serum biochemistry, results (including aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and amylase) were essentially comparable among the 3 groups. There was, however, a dose-dependent increase in subjective symptoms, especially during work, and in digestive system-related symptoms such as nausea and abdominal pain in the past 3-month period. The prevalence rate of alcohol intolerance complaints among male (assumedly) social drinkers was also elevated in relation to DMF dose.
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PMID:Occupational dimethylformamide exposure. 3. Health effects of dimethylformamide after occupational exposure at low concentrations. 157 25

Fifteen patients with metastatic malignant melanoma, including 10 who had not previously received systemic therapy, were treated with recombinant alpha2-interferon (IFN-alpha 2) in a dose of 20 million IU/m2 by 30-min i.v. infusion daily for 5 days each 14 days. Evaluable metastatic sites included lung, subcutaneous tissue, liver, nodes, adrenals, and bone. Subjective toxicity was generally mild to moderate, with fever (38.2-40.2 degrees C), occasional rigors, fatigue, myalgia, headache, and nausea. Objective toxicity included transient neutropenia and elevation of hepatic enzymes, particularly gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. In 1 of the 10 patients receiving more than one cycle, IFN dosage was reduced because of toxicity, but later reescalated. All patients were evaluated for response. No overall partial or complete responses were observed, but two site responses (lung and subcutaneous tissue) were seen. Median survival from start of IFN treatment was 19 weeks. High doses of IFN were reasonably well tolerated in this study, but the results suggest little activity against malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Phase-II study of recombinant alpha 2-interferon in advanced malignant melanoma. 287 Nov 16

A randomized double blind study in long term malaria chemoprophylaxis was performed to compare the tolerability of Fansimef (1 tablet containing 250 mg mefloquine + 500 mg sulfadoxine + 25 mg pyrimethamine per week) with chloroquine (300 mg per week). 211 Austrian industrial workers and their families in Warri, Nigeria, participated in this study; 101 received Fansimef and 110 chloroquine for 3-18 months (mean 41 weeks). Prophylaxis was discontinued because of adverse effects in 7 volunteers in the Fansimef group (mainly insomnia, palpitations, dizziness, nausea and headache) and in 2 volunteers of the chloroquine group (headache and loss of hair in one volunteer, nausea, dizziness and vomiting in the other). Most of the adverse effects could be due to the mefloquine component. A few minor complaints of burning eyes, nausea and gastric pain were reported in both groups. Laboratory checks performed at 3-monthly intervals showed a slight, transient and clinically irrelevant (but statistically significant) increase of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase at month 3 in the Fansimef group. An attack of acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria occurred in one volunteer 6 weeks after discontinuation of prophylaxis with Fansimef. Antibodies against blood stage parasites could be demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescence test at different stages of the study, indicating that these two antimalarials are not causal prophylactic agents.
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PMID:Tolerability of long-term malaria prophylaxis with the combination mefloquine + sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine (Fansimef): results of a double blind field trial versus chloroquine in Nigeria. 290 58

The therapeutic activity and tolerability of epomediol were studied in 28 patients with chronic hepatopathies. Treatment was continued, parenterally, for 10 days (400-600 mg once daily by intravenous infusion). Clinical parameters (headache, right hypochondrial pain, bitter taste in the mouth, asthenia and nausea) and hepatic function (transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) showed significant improvements. Clinical and systemic tolerabilities of epomediol were satisfactory.
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PMID:Preliminary report on activity and tolerability of epomediol, administered by intravenous infusion, in patients with chronic hepatopathies. 297 Apr 10

We prospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with microembolization material, degradable starch microspheres (DSMs), and epirubicin, for treatment of multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Seventeen patients with multifocal HCC were treated. At the first treatment, DSMs were injected alone to determine the dose for embolization of the hepatic artery in each patient. After 4 weeks, TACE was performed every 4 to 6 weeks with a mixture of DSMs and epirubicin at a dose of 40 mg/m2. A necrotic area of more than 50% was produced in 6 patients by DSMs alone, and in 11 patients by TACE. The overall response rate was 52.9% (2 complete and 7 partial responses). The duration of the responses ranged from 4 to 21 months (median: 9 months). Common toxicities were transient abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, fever, and leukopenia. In four patients, grade III or IV toxicity was observed as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase elevation. TACE with DSMs had tumor necrosis efficacy with acceptable toxicity. The median survival time was 21.7 months, and the 2-year survival rate was 45.3%. Further investigation of the effects of DSM treatment on survival should be carried out.
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PMID:Pilot study of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with degradable starch microspheres in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 1271 88

We report a case of acute hepatotoxicity in a 42-year-old woman after administration of clindamycin for a dental infection. After 6 d of treatment, she had fatigue, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, pruritus and jaundice. Her laboratory analysis showed alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 1795 IU/L (normal range 0-40); aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 1337 IU/L (normal range 5-34); alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 339 IU/L (normal range 40-150); gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), 148 IU/L (normal range 9-64 IU/L); total bilirubin, 4.1 mg/dL; direct bilirubin, 2.9 mg/dL and prothrombin time (PT), 13.5 s, with international normalized ratio (INR), 1.04. She was hospitalized, with immediate drug discontinuation. Her liver biopsy specimen showed mixed-type (both hepatocellular and cholestatic) hepatic injury, compatible with a diagnosis of drug-induced hepatitis. An objective causality assessment using the Naranjo probability scale suggested that clindamycin was the probable cause of the acute hepatitis. In susceptible individuals, clindamycin use may lead to acute mixed-type liver toxicity. Complete recovery may be possible if the drug is discontinued before severe liver injury is established.
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PMID:Clindamycin-induced acute cholestatic hepatitis. 1787 18

The primary objective of this phase I study of LY2780301, a dual p70 S6 kinase and Akt inhibitor, was to determine the recommended phase II dose as a single agent in patients with advanced cancer. Secondary objectives included safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic analyses, and co-clinical analyses in Avatar models. Eligible patients received total daily doses of LY2780301 100-500 mg, given orally as a single dose or divided into 2 doses for 28-day cycles. Dose escalation followed 3 + 3 design. The primary pharmacodynamic endpoint was inhibition of S6 assessed by skin and tumor biopsy. Thirty-two patients were treated. Common toxicities possibly related to treatment included constipation (19 %), fatigue (13 %), nausea (9 %), and diarrhea (9 %). Grade 3/4 toxicities potentially related to treatment were anemia (n = 2), increased alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) (n = 1), and increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (n = 1). One patient experienced best overall response of prolonged stable disease for 6 cycles. Plasma exposures of LY2780301 exceeded predicted efficacious exposures, but were not dose proportional. Among patients receiving 500 mg daily >50 % exhibited reduced S6 in skin biopsies at Day 8 of treatment, but the effect was not maintained. Plasma concentrations of LY2780301 and/or its metabolites were not correlated with S6 expression in the epidermis. There was minimal antitumor activity against the model, CRC 019. Avatar models showed minimal pharmacodynamic effects consistent with the observed antitumor effects. This study suggests a dose of LY2780301 500 mg QD for future studies.
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PMID:A first-in-human phase I trial of LY2780301, a dual p70 S6 kinase and Akt Inhibitor, in patients with advanced or metastatic cancer. 2590