Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antiepileptic drug valproic acid was studied in an open clinical trial as adjunct medication for 23 patients with uncontrolled seizures of a generalized or partial type. Two-thirds of the patients experienced reduction in seizure frequency ranging from 25 to 100%. Extensive testing revealed no evidence of serious systemic toxicity due to the drug. Minor side effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting, or sedation) were usually transient. Sodium valproate syrup and valproic acid in capsules gave equivalent mean low (23.3 microgram/ml) and maximum (42.5 microgram/ml) serum concentrations. The drug had a relatively short half-life of 8.7 hours, necessitating administration in divided daily doses. During initiation of valproate therapy there was evidence of a decline in total serum phenytoin concentration (16.5 to 10.2 microgram/ml; p less than 0.001) while the percentage of free phenytoin increased (10.9 to 20%). The quantity of unbound phenytoin was relatively stable throughout. This observation was interpreted as a drug interaction: valproic acid competed with phenytoin for access to plasma protein binding sites.
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PMID:Valproic acid in epilepsy: clinical and pharmacological effects. 35 Jan 28

In a double-blind crossover trial sodium valproate or placebo was added to the existing anticonvulsant treatment of 20 patients with chronic uncontrolled epilepsy. Sodium valproate 1200 mg/day significantly reduced the frequency of both tonic-clonic and minor seizures in these patients. Only mild and transient side effects occurred (drowsiness, ataxia, and nausea), and these may have been due to the effect of adding sodium valproate to existing phenobarbitone or phenytoin treatment. Further controlled trials are needed to assess more fully the efficacy of this drug in various types of epilepsy.
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PMID:Controlled trial of sodium valproate in severe epilepsy. 110 59

To evaluate the value of the nonsedative anticonvulsants carbamazepine and valproic acid a controlled study including drug monitoring was carried out. Intoxicated alcoholics (n = 138) were admitted for inpatient detoxication and randomly assigned to either carbamazepine (n = 43), sodium valproate (n = 46) or placebo (n = 49) in a double-blind fashion. Drug treatment lasted for four days and the daily doses of both drugs amounted to 1200 mg in the beginning of the study. Sodium valproate induced gastric distress, nausea and vomiting more frequently than placebo. About half of the subjects had to stop carbamazepine because of intolerable side-effects including vertigo, nausea, vomiting, diplopia and rash. Serum carbamazepine levels (18-89 mumol/l) were found to be high (greater than 40 mumol/l) in many but not all of these subjects. Seizures occurred in 3 subjects on placebo, 2 on carbamazepine and 1 on sodium valproate. Delirium tremens developed in 2 on sodium valproate and 1 on placebo. The study demonstrates that drug side-effects may seriously hamper the utility of carbamazepine and sodium valproate as routine treatment for the prevention of alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
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PMID:Prevention of alcohol withdrawal seizures with carbamazepine and valproic acid. 250 Jan 38

Sodium valproate is a commonly used antiepileptic drug (AED) for control of a broad range of seizures. Adverse drug reactions (ADR) due to sodium valproate range from sedation to nausea, vomiting, weight gain, idiosyncratic adverse effects like hepatotoxicity and life threatening conditions like pancreatitis. We present a case of sodium valproate induced enuresis in child. This ADR of valproate is an underreported ADR and requires special attention of pediatricians as it can interfere with the further treatment of the disease.
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PMID:Sodium valproate induced increased frequency of micturition and enuresis. 2354 36

Migraine is a common and incapacitating neurologic disorder manifesting with episodic moderate to a severe headache and other symptoms such as photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, and vomiting. Triptans and ergot compounds have been used as treatment options for an acute migraine headache for many years. Triptans are considered the first line of treatment in patients with moderate to a severe migraine. Although the triptans are commonly used at any time during a migraine attack; they are more efficacious when used in the early stages of a migraine. Intravenous valproic acid has been shown to be well tolerated, safe, and with rapid onset of action in patients with acute moderate to severe and even refractory migraine. Sodium valproate is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug for prophylaxis of a migraine with and without aura. In this study, the main goal was to compare the effectiveness of sumatriptan versus valproate in an acute migraine. A randomized clinical trial including 37 patients with an acute migraine was considered to compare the effectiveness of sumatriptan versus valproate. The patients were divided into two groups. In first group, 6 mg subcutaneous of sumatriptan and in the second group 15 mg/Kg of valproate was administered. The outcomes including pain and drug adverse effects were compared across the groups. A total of 37 patients (7 male and 30 female) were evaluated in two groups. The difference between two groups regarding sex and age was not significant (P>0.05). The mean pain scores reduced from 8.3 to 4.7 and from 8.3 to 2.2 after one hour of treatment in sumatriptan and valproate groups, respectively. Response to treatment in valproate group was faster and more effective than sumatriptan group (P<0.05).The results indicated that valproate was more effective and with the faster response in patients with an acute migraine in comparison with sumatriptan without any recurrence and remarkable side effects.
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PMID:Intravenous Valproate versus Subcutaneous Sumatriptan in Acute Migraine Attack. 2661 76