Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 7-year-old girl presented with bilaterally dilated pupils, nausea, and vomiting 2 days after head trauma. Pilocarpine pupil testing led to the correct diagnosis of pharmacologic pupillary dilation from an unexpected and unusual source of plant poisoning, Solanum dulcamara (blue nightshade). In patients with internal ophthalmoplegia, awareness of the possibility of pharmacologic mydriasis and correct use of topical pilocarpine testing can preclude the necessity for neuroradiologic and invasive diagnostic studies, even in cases with atypical or complex presentations.
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PMID:Accidental mydriasis from blue nightshade "lipstick". 295 78

Pilocarpine, a parasympathomimetic drug used in the treatment of glaucoma, produces a variety of ocular and systemic adverse reactions. Ocular side effects include miosis, accommodative spasm, frontal headaches, twitching lids, conjunctival injection, cataractous changes, allergic reactions, iris cysts, retinal detachment, increased permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier, anterior chamber narrowing, and the potential for inducing an acute angle-closure attack. Systemic side effects include nausea, vomiting, tenesmus, abdominal spasm, salivation, lacrimation, sweating, pulmonary edema, and bronchial spasm. The systemic side effects can best be minimized initially through proper use of the medication and nasolacrimal occlusion. The Ocusert, a long-acting pilocarpine-incorporated ocular insert, is a recent advance in delivery technique that offers an adequate hypotensive action with fewer side effects. Pilopex is a promising new experimental pilocarpine polymer salt presently being studied in Israel. Photomydriasis, a process involving the use of a laser to enlarge miotic pupils also offers help for these patients. N-demethylated carbachol is a new parasympathomimetic drug currently under study for glaucoma therapy. Initial results show that it may have considerable ocular hypotensive action with fewer adverse effects.
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PMID:Miotics: side effects and ways to avoid them. 707 Jul 79

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved oral pilocarpine (Salagen) for the treatment of dry mouth in patients receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. There are possible drug interactions with the beta blockers that are often used by cardiac patients. Other side effects are sweating, nausea, and inflammation of the mucous membranes.
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PMID:First effective drug for dry mouth. 1136 26

(1) Dry mouth (xerostomia) is a frequent complication of radiation therapy for cancers of the ear nose and throat. Local measures such as saliva substitutes and anetholtrithione are either moderately effective, inadequately evaluated or little better than placebo. (2) Marketing authorization has been granted in France for an oral formulation of pilocarpine, an old parasympathomimetic agent, in the treatment of radiotherapy-induced xerostomia. (3) According to the results of two double-blind trials, pilocarpine (15-30 mg/day) improves symptoms in about 50 % of patients, compared to improvement in 25% of patients taking placebo. The drug is slow to take effect and has little impact on daily life. It is not known whether pilocarpine helps prevent the complications of xerostomia. (4) Most adverse effects of pilocarpine are due to its parasympathomimetic effects, such as sweating, urinary frequency, flushing, rhinitis and nausea. Pilocarpine must therefore be used with caution in patients with asthma, cardiac arrhythmia, iridocyclitis, and closed-angle glaucoma. (5) In France, this pilocarpine formulation costs 18 times more than a preparation of pilocarpine 2% eye drops used orally (off licence). (6) In practice, patients needing symptomatic treatment of xerostomia after radiotherapy may benefit from oral pilocarpine but, given its limited efficacy and its adverse effects, other local treatments should be tried first.
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PMID:Oral pilocarpine: new preparation. Xerostomia after radiation therapy: moderately effective but costly. 1219 76