Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The response of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) to nicotine administered by chewing gum (Nicorette, 2 mg) was examined in nine healthy volunteers. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, serum osmolality, plasma AVP level, and plasma nicotine level were measured at baseline (control) and at 30, 45, and 60 minutes after initial administration of the gum. There were small increases in heart rate (72 +/- 6.3 to 82 +/- 5.1 beats/min, p less than 0.05) and mean arterial pressure (88 +/- 8.2 to 93 +/- 10 mm Hg, p = NS), while the plasma nicotine level increased to a maximum of 16 +/- 2.0 ng/ml (p less than 0.001). No changes were seen in either osmolality (283 +/- 3.4 mOsm/kg) or AVP level (4.3 +/- 2.0 pg/ml) in eight of the nine subjects who remained asymptomatic. In one subject whose hemodynamic and plasma nicotine responses were similar to the others but who became nauseated, the plasma AVP level increased from 4.2 to 26 pg/ml. These data suggest that nicotine at the plasma concentrations achieved in this study is not associated with stimulation of plasma AVP secretion in normal man. Other factors in association with nicotine use, in this case nausea, may be required for AVP stimulation to occur.
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PMID:Response of plasma arginine vasopressin to nicotine in normal man. 316 97

Nicotine chewing gum (Nicorette 4 mg) and an identical placebo gum were administered on different days, in a double-blind cross over fashion, to 4 men, aged 25-52 years, and 4 women, aged 21-49 years, all healthy non-smokers. The subjects chewed the gum for 30 min and heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, finger tip temperature, calf and hand blood flow and whole blood nicotine levels were measured for 240 min in the supine position, under indirect body heating. 72% -96% of the nicotine was absorbed. Only heart rate showed a significant increase (10%-12%) during the study as compared to placebo. The mean peak nicotine level was 6.5 ng/ml, which occurred at 15-60 min and roughly coincided with the peak heart rate, and then levelled off to around 3 ng/l at 120-240 min. All subjects complained of nausea, dizziness or anxiety to varying degrees. It is concluded that if healthy non-smokers chew Nicorette gum 4 mg by mistake, they would probably suffer more from generally unpleasant symptoms than from any cardiovascular upset.
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PMID:Cardiovascular effect of nicotine chewing gum in healthy non-smokers. 717

Transdermal nicotine delivery systems are widely used in smoking cessation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether common symptoms of pyrosis and dyspepsia associated with these patches are related to gastroesophageal reflux or esophageal dysmotility. Twenty-seven paid volunteer cigarette smokers (> 15 cigarettes/day) without symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease participated in this single-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Twenty subjects completed the study. Subjects underwent three sequential 24-h intraesophageal pH/motor studies (Synectics model T32342084, Shore View, MN). The pH/motility probe was positioned 5 cm above the manometrically determined LES. A placebo patch was applied for the first 24-h study and a 15-mg nicotine patch (Nicotrol) was applied for the initial 16 h (removed for remaining 8 h) of the second 24-h period. A 21-mg nicotine patch (Nicoderm) was applied for another 24-h study period. All subjects consumed an identical, defined diet documented by meal receipts, and refrained from smoking and tobacco use throughout the study periods (CO breath test confirmation). The Wilcoxon, paired t-test, exact McNemar statistical methods were used. The results showed that there were no significant differences in reflux symptoms (pyrosis, chest pain, nausea, dysphagia), supine gastroesophageal reflux (number of episodes, duration, or cumulative acid exposure), or the total number of reflux episodes between placebo and nicotine patch treatment periods. The number of post-prandial upright acid reflux episodes (p = 004) and number of upright acid reflux episodes lasting more than 5 min (p = 0.007) were statistically higher with the placebo patch compared to the active nicotine patches. No differences in intraesophageal pH or motility indices were noted between the two transdermal nicotine patches (Nicotrol, Nicoderm). It was concluded that dyspeptic symptoms in subjects utilizing transdermal nicotine patches are not related to gastroesophageal reflux or to esophageal motor abnormalities.
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PMID:Transdermal nicotine patches do not cause clinically significant gastroesophageal reflux or esophageal motor disorders. 1107 35