Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cross-over double-blind trial was conducted in 14 patients (20 double-blind treatment courses) comparing domperidone and placebo in the treatment of vomiting due to intensive cytostatic treatment. Eight ml, containing 16 mg of domperidone or placebo was injected one hour before the start of cytostatic therapy. The efficacy of the drug was evaluated by the investigator and the duration of nausea and vomiting was registered in the majority of the patients. Domperidone was preferred to placebo 13 times, whereas the reverse preference occurred only twice. The duration of both nausea (a median of 11 hours against seven hours) and vomiting (a median of 7 1/2 hours against 6 hours) was shorter with domperidone than with the placebo.
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PMID:Cytostatic therapy-induced vomiting inhibited by domperidone. A double-blind cross-over study. 37 90

The effect of domperidone on vomiting due to cytostatic treatment was studied during a double-blind trial involving 41 patients. One group received the sequence domperidone-placebo and the other the reverse sequence during two consecutive courses of cytostatic therapy (chlormethine alone or in combination with other cytostatics). Domperidone 2 mg/ml or the placebo was injected IV 1 h before the start of the cytostatic treatment. A similar injection was given 4 h later. Presence, duration, and incidence of nausea and vomiting before, during, and after the peak period (period from the second up to and including the sixth hour after cytostatic injection) were measured. With respect to vomiting, domperidone was significantly superior to placebo concerning duration and effect before and after the peak period in both sequences. There was no difference during the peak period. With respect to nausea, domperidone was superior to placebo concerning duration and effect during the peak period in the placebo-domperidone sequence. No difference was observed in the reverse order. A significant superiority of domperidone was noted before the peak period.
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PMID:Cytostatic-associated vomiting effectively inhibited by domperidone (R 33 812). 37 21

Dopamine antagonists are effective anti-emetics. Domperidone does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier and is less likely to cause central nervous system side-effects than metoclopramide. However, a direct comparison of the safety and efficacy of the two drugs has not hitherto been made. Ninety-five patients, with symptoms of nausea and vomiting due to a variety of oesophageal or gastric disorders, were recruited into a randomised, double-blind, three-part, parallel-group comparative study of controlled release metoclopramide 15 mg (Gastrobid Continus tablets, Napp Laboratories) given twice daily, and domperidone 10 mg or 20 mg given three times daily. Assessments for nausea, vomiting, reflux symptoms and adverse events were made on entry to the study. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the three treatment regimes for a period of seven days, throughout which daily symptomatology and use of escape medication were recorded on a diary card. At the end of the treatment period, nausea, vomiting and reflux symptoms, adverse events and a global assessment of patients' symptom control were recorded by the investigator. Both controlled release metoclopramide and high and low dose domperidone significantly reduced symptoms of belching, flatulence, distension, heartburn, regurgitation, reflux, nausea and vomiting compared to baseline. There were no significant differences between the three treatments in efficacy or in the number and severity of side-effects.
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PMID:A comparison of controlled release metoclopramide and domperidone in the treatment of nausea and vomiting. 181 Mar 56

Domperidone has been used as a gastrokinetic and anti-emetic drug within the frames of an intensive care programme in 57 patients with a history of 3-4 days of acute myocardial infarction. According to the observations, Motilium prevents the development of gastroduodenal complaints and nausea, vomiting in a period following the first days of acute therapy and promotes the start of bowel movement and defecation. It has no cardiac or other toxic effects and does not influence the action of other drugs.
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PMID:Role of domperidone in improving intestinal activity in acute myocardial infarction patients. 181 29

The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic gastroparesis are reviewed, and the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage of metoclopramide, domperidone, and cisapride are described. Diabetic gastroparesis is a state of delayed gastric emptying that reportedly affects 20-30% of diabetic patients. Symptoms include nausea, early satiety, postprandial bloating and fullness, and vomiting. Diabetic gastroparesis has been managed most successfully with drugs that stimulate gastric emptying. Of the three agents studied--metoclopramide, domperidone, and cisapride--only metoclopramide is commercially available in the United States. The clinical efficacy of metoclopramide, domperidone, and cisapride has been well documented in several placebo-controlled trials. Metoclopramide effectively decreases mean gastric emptying time, although tolerance to this stimulation of gastric emptying may develop with long-term therapy. However, symptomatic relief persists with long-term therapy because of metoclopramide's antiemetic properties. Domperidone, which has also been shown to stimulate gastric motility and to possess antiemetic properties, improves symptoms in patients suffering from diabetic gastroparesis. Cisapride appears to have continued beneficial effects on gastric motility with long-term therapy. All three agents have favorable adverse-effect profiles. Although metoclopramide is currently the first-line agent for the management of gastroparesis, domperidone and cisapride both possess properties that may make them useful alternatives in patients who are unresponsive to or cannot tolerate metoclopramide therapy.
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PMID:Use of metoclopramide, domperidone, and cisapride in the management of diabetic gastroparesis. 219 Jul 45

Nausea and vomiting are reported in approximately 60% of neoplastic patients treated with doxorubicin used alone at doses greater than or equal to 50 mg/m2 or in combination with other noncisplatin antiblastic agents. In a double-blind study we compared the efficacy and tolerability of metoclopramide (MTC) versus Domperidone (DMP) versus methylprednisolone (MP) administered intravenously (i.v.) to inpatients. Forty-four patients entered the trial. The three antiemetic regimens were found equally effective. A complete protection from vomiting/nausea was obtained in 14/11 (93.3%/73.3%) of patients treated with MTC, in 15/14 (100%/93%) of those treated with MP and in 11/11 (78.6%/78.6%) of those treated with DMP. Side effects were slight and not significantly different among the three regimens. In conclusion, i.v. MTC and MP (DMP is no longer available in i.v. formulation) as single agents are an adequate treatment for prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by doxorubicin alone or in combination with other noncisplatin antiblastic agents.
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PMID:A double-blind trial comparing antiemetic efficacy and toxicity of metoclopramide versus methylprednisolone versus domperidone in patients receiving doxorubicin chemotherapy alone or in combination with other antiblastic agents. 317 62

Eighteen patients received repeated administrations of cisplatin in relatively large amounts (55-75-100 mg/m2) given systemically by drop infusion. As antiemetic treatments, the following were scheduled: on the day before; prednisolone 30mg (3 X p.o.), immediately before; methylprednisolone 500mg (i.v.), and 3 hours after administration of cisplatin ; methylprednisolone 500mg (i.v.) and domperidone 60 mg (suppo.). Domperidone was given twice a day for one week. Nausea, vomiting and anorexia were studied objectively for two weeks. At a dose of 75 mg/m2 of cisplatin, the occurrence and the duration of nausea and vomiting were effectively reduced by the regimen; nausea was observed in 67% of all cases (average duration: 3.3 days) and vomiting was experienced in 40% (1.2 days). Anorexia was observed in 67% of cases and lasted longer (5.2 days). The severity and duration of these side effects of nausea, vomiting and anorexia seemed to appear in a manner related to the dose of cisplatin given, but even at a dose of 100 mg/m2, the regimen described above reduced the patients' discomfort to acceptable levels. No remarkable side effect of this anti-emetic regimen was evident.
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PMID:[Effect of combined use of adrenocortical hormones and domperidone as anti-emetics during cisplatin therapy]. 403 53

The main treatment of the acute migraine attack remains sleep, sedation, an anti-nauseant and analgesics, and in some patients 1 or 2 mg of ergotamine tartrate. Drugs containing large amounts of caffeine should not be used. Absorption of drugs may be impaired in a migraine attack. Metoclopramide is probably the anti-emetic of choice because it is an effective anti-nauseant and promotes normal gastrointestinal activity. Domperidone has a similar action but is said not to go through the blood-brain barrier, so is less likely to cause extrapyramidal reactions. All drugs, including analgesics such as aspirin and paracetamol, are best given in a soluble or effervescent form. Where vomiting occurs early in the attack, suppositories may be indicated. Ergotamine tartrate is necessary in about one third of attacks and is best given by suppository or by inhalation. Doses higher than 2 mg per attack or 6 mg in one week may cause toxic symptoms, the early signs of which are headache, nausea, vomiting and a feeling of not being very well. The non-drug treatments of an acute attack include pressing on the temporal artery, hot and cold compresses and relaxation.
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PMID:Treatment of the acute migraine attack--current status. 640 72

The HT4-agonist Cisapride (CIS) and the peripheral D2-antagonist Domperidone (DOMP) have distinct prokinetic actions. We compared their clinical efficacy in 127 dyspeptic patients. Patients with upper abdominal complaints of > 1 month duration, who had a normal UGE were allocated to the REFLUX-group (RG), (predominance of heartburn, acid regurgitation or retrosternal pain) or if devoid of this specific symptomatology to the DYSPEPSIA-group (DG) In a double-blind randomised fashion and allocated to 10 mg CIS or 20 mg DOMP qid (RG) or tid (DG) for 1 month and followed-up for further 2 months. In RG (N = 43, p < 0.05) the response rates were clearly in favour of CIS, but not in DG (N = 84). In RG DOMP was more effective against nausea. The benefit of both therapies was largely maintained in the follow-up period. Cisapride and domperidone were effective in the treatment of dyspepsia. Cisapride was more effective than domperidone in the REFLUX-Group.
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PMID:Study with two prokinetics in functional dyspepsia and GORD: domperidone vs. cisapride. 922 23

This study investigated whether domperidone could improve gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease who were receiving levodopa therapy. A total of 11 patients were studied. Following a baseline gastric emptying test, patients were treated with a starting dose of domperidone 20 mg p.o. q.i.d. A follow-up gastric emptying test was repeated at least 4 months after starting domperidone therapy. At the beginning and at each 3-month follow-up visit, symptoms of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal bloating, heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia, and constipation were evaluated and scored on a scale of 0-3. The overall mean follow-up period was 3 years. Compared with their baseline evaluation, patients experienced a significant improvement in all symptoms (p < 0.05) except dysphagia and constipation. Gastric emptying of an isotope-labeled solid meal was significantly faster, with a baseline result of 60.2 +/- 6.4% retention of isotope 2 h after the meal compared with 37.0 +/- 2.2% retention during domperidone therapy (p < 0.05). Patients' global assessment of Parkinson's disease remained stable or improved. Serum prolactin was elevated in all patients after domperidone therapy (p < 0.05). Domperidone therapy significantly reduces upper gastrointestinal symptoms and accelerates gastric emptying of a solid meal, but does not interfere with response to antiparkinsonism treatment.
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PMID:Effect of chronic oral domperidone therapy on gastrointestinal symptoms and gastric emptying in patients with Parkinson's disease. 939 20


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