Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The so-called Oriental flushing reaction associated with ingestion of small amounts of alcohol was antagonized by combined antihistamine administration. In stage one of the study, the flushing reaction to low doses of alcohol was produced in Orientals. Most subjects experienced a cutaneous flush, an increase in skin temperature, a decrease in blood pressure, an increase in pulse rate and subjective symptoms such as dizziness, sleepiness, anxiety, headache, generalized weakness and nausea. Before the administration of alcohol, one-half of the subjects were given 50 mg of diphenhydramine (H1 receptor antagonist) and 300 mg of cimetidine (H2 receptor antagonist). The second half received placebo tablets. The clearest difference between the antihistamine group and placebo group was in the skin flushing reaction. The antihistamine group showed a significant reduction in the skin flush. The antihistamine also neutralized the systolic hypotension induced by the administration of alcohol. The possible importance of histamine in the expression of sensitivity to alcohol is considered. The relevance to genetic susceptibility for development of alcoholism is discussed.
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PMID:Antihistamine blockade of alcohol-induced flushing in orientals. 334 71

A case of cryptococcal meningitis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is described, as well as the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of the disease. In July 1987 a 38-year-old white man was admitted to the hospital because of confusion, disorientation, and headache. His medical history was notable for a positive human immunodeficiency virus test. Culture of the cerebrospinal fluid was positive for Cryptococcus neoformans. The patient was started on amphotericin B 16 mg/day (0.3 mg/kg/day) intravenously and flucytosine 2 g every six hours (150 mg/kg/day) orally. Despite premedication with diphenhydramine and acetaminophen, he experienced rigors that were treated with hydrocortisone and meperidine. Three weeks later he was discharged on flucytosine 2 g orally every six hours and amphotericin B 50 mg intravenously every other day. One week later the patient developed fever and chills; blood cultures were positive for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and his peripheral leucocyte count was 1.8 X 10(3)/cu mm. Flucytosine was discontinued, and he was treated with intravenous nafcillin while remaining on amphotericin B. In October the patient complained of nausea, vomiting, weakness, and agitation. A CSF latex agglutination titer for cryptococcal antigen was 1:32. He was treated with amphotericin B 50 mg daily until symptoms resolved and then continued on amphotericin B 50 mg twice weekly. Cryptococcosis is the most common life-threatening fungal infection among AIDS patients. In contrast to immunocompetent hosts, this population invariably develops disseminated disease, with 85% having meningeal involvement. The most effective therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS has not been established.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Management of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. 341 73

Fenestration of basilar artery is an uncommon vascular anomaly that is usually an incidental product on autopsy or angiography. None of the cases in the literature had clinical symptoms associated with this anomaly except for subarachnoid hemorrhage when accompanied with saccular aneurysm. We report a rare case of the basilar artery fenestration associated with clinical symptoms without any aneurysm. A 71-years-old male, who had been treated for labile hypertension and had had recurrent attacks of vertigo, nausea, sometimes diplopia or unsteady gait, for 5 years, was referred to our hospital on Sept. 13, 1985. One day prior to admission, he suddenly felt diplopia and vertigo and unsteady gait. His family noticed he was dysarthric. On admission, he was alert and normotensive. He complained of dysesthesia on the right half of the perioral region and his right fingers. A neurological examination showed a mild weakness and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes on his right leg. His motor coordination was almost normal, but he was unsteady when he stood on one foot with his eyes closed. Laboratory examinations were normal except for an elevated serum uric acid level. A chest x-ray film showed a sclerotic change of aorta and mild cardiomegaly. Left ventricular hypertrophy was observed on his ECG. His CT scans showed multiple lacunae and mild brain atrophy. On cerebral angiography, his basilar artery (BA) had a fenestration almost in its total length that divided the BA, like a duplication, into two components with a smaller diameter than normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of basilar artery fenestration with recurrent attacks of vertebrobasilar insufficiency]. 344 54

Formaldehyde is but one of many chemicals capable of causing the tight building syndrome or environmentally induced illness (EI). The spectrum of symptoms it may induce includes attacks of headache, flushing, laryngitis, dizziness, nausea, extreme weakness, arthralgia, unwarranted depression, dysphonia, exhaustion, inability to think clearly, arrhythmia or muscle spasms. The nonspecificity of such symptoms can baffle physicians from many specialties. Presented herein is a simple office method for demonstrating that formaldehyde is among the etiologic agents triggering these symptoms. The very symptoms that patients complain of can be provoked within minutes, and subsequently abolished, with an intradermal injection of the appropriate strength of formaldehyde. This injection aids in convincing the patient of the cause of the symptoms so he can initiate measures to bring his disease under control.
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PMID:Diagnosing the tight building syndrome. 344 98

In Columbus, OH, 46 patients with measurable metastatic colorectal cancer were treated with leucovorin (LV) 80 mg/m2/20 h intravenous (IV) infusion followed by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 400 mg/m2 IV bolus daily for three days and then once weekly. Many patients had liver (62%) and/or multisite metastases (53%), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) greater than 10 (76%), documented tumor progression before entry (51%), and tumor-related symptoms (36%), but also good performance status (84%). Prior therapy consisted of radiotherapy (RT) in 18%, chemotherapy in 22%, both in 4%, and none in 56%. There were 36% objective responses and 31% stabilization, which we believe is a significant change in the natural history of these patients. Median survival was 8 months. Improved survival was seen in patients with single- rather than multiple-site involvement. Decreasing CEA levels were seen in 59% (always in responders or patients with stable disease), and correlated with longer survival time (11.0 v 5.5 months, P = 0.01). Palliation of tumor related symptoms occurred in 75%, with or without antitumor effect. One patient with prior RT died of neutropenic sepsis after only the three-day load, so we now recommend only weekly therapy in previously radiated patients. Otherwise, toxicity was mild, manifest as weakness in 62%, nausea in 53%, or diarrhea in 47%, which was the most common dose-limiting side effect. The occurrence or absence of toxicity did not predict outcome. Because of equivalent efficacy, mild toxicity, and less expense, this regimen should be considered for patients who desire therapy.
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PMID:Leucovorin plus 5-fluorouracil: an effective treatment for metastatic colon cancer. 349 15

The authors have presented a review of literature and their own data on acute tubulointerstitial nephritis combined with uveitis in a patient aged 47. In foreign literature this combination is defined as a separate syndrome (TIN-uveitis or TINU). The development of nonspecific symptoms (fatigue, weakness, nausea, loss of body mass, pains in the joints, skin rash) was characterized by change in some laboratory indices (raised ESP, anemia, eosinophilia, hyperproteinemia, hypergammaglobulinemia) and nephropathy. The signs of nephropathy were polyuria, a decrease in relative urine density, proteinuria of tubular genesis, renal glucosuria and aminoaciduria. A decrease in glomerular filtration and an increase in the level of blood serum creatinine were noted in most of the cases. In spite of the development of renal failure TINU prognosis is favorable: renal function gets back to normal by itself or after corticosteroid therapy. Uveitis shows a tendency to recurrence. The immune genesis of the TINU syndrome is assumed.
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PMID:[Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis combined with uveitis (clinical case and review of the literature)]. 353 15

Exhaustive exercise is associated with a persistent sensation of weakness and sometimes nausea suggesting abdominal vagal activity. We measured plasma indices of sympathoadrenal (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine) and vagal (pancreatic polypeptide) activity before, during and after submaximal and maximal exercise in healthy young subjects. Plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine increased to 8.5 (range 7.4-40.5), 48.0 (32.3-100.5) and 1.8 (1.2-6.6) nmol 1-1 respectively (n = 5), during maximal exercise and decreased towards control values within 15 min of rest. Pancreatic polypeptide (n = 10) increased only during maximal exercise and reached its highest value, 48 (21-145) pmol 1-1, after exertion. The results conform to an increase in sympathetic activity during exercise and a persistent vagal activity after intense exercise which could contribute to the sensation of weakness.
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PMID:Sympathoadrenal and parasympathetic responses to exercise. 358 5

Subacute carbon monoxide poisoning is commonly misdiagnosed as an influenza-like viral illness. All patients presenting to the triage nurse at University Hospital with flu-like symptoms during February 1985 were asked to give blood samples for carboxyhemoglobin determination. Fifty-five patients (10% of those eligible) with headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, general malaise, or shortness of breath were enrolled in the study. Carboxyhemoglobin levels ranged from 0 to 21%. Thirteen patients (23.6%) of this self-selected subgroup had carboxyhemoglobin levels greater than or equal to 10%. There was no statistically significant difference in carboxyhemoglobin levels between smokers and nonsmokers. More patients using wood heat had elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels than patients using any other form of heating (P less than .05). No patient with a carboxyhemoglobin level greater than or equal to 10% was diagnosed as having subacute CO poisoning by emergency physicians. Physicians must seek out the possibility of CO toxicity in patients with flu-like illness, particularly in inner-city populations during the heating months. Fundoscopy and COHb levels may be useful in selected cases to correctly diagnose patients and avoid a return to a hazardous environment with potentially fatal consequences.
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PMID:Carboxyhemoglobin levels in patients with flu-like symptoms. 359 33

The Oriental flushing reaction is an adverse response to alcohol that appears to be genetically determined. In this study, the Oriental flushing reaction that was produced with ingestion of small amounts of alcohol was antagonized by antihistamine administration. A group of 17 subjects was tested. Each subject received placebo, diphenhydramine 50 mg (H-1 receptor antagonist), and cimetidine 300 mg (H-2 receptor antagonist) singularly and in combination. Alcohol was then administered orally. Most subjects given placebo experienced the typical flushing reaction that included a cutaneous flush, increase in skin temperature, decrease in blood pressure, increase in pulse rate and subjective symptoms such as dizziness, sleepiness, anxiety, headache, generalized weakness, and nausea. The flush, temperature and systolic hypotension were significantly blocked by the combined antihistamine administration. Cimetidine given alone blocked the flush, temperature increase, and systolic hypotension significantly more than diphenhydramine but less than the combined antihistamines. Diphenhydramine was similar to placebo in its effect on the flushing reaction. The role of histamine in the expression of tolerance to alcohol is not known. Antihistamine antagonism of the adverse flushing reaction suggests that histamine receptors may participate in the intolerance to ethanol in Orientals. Histamine may be an important protective factor in the low prevalence of alcoholism in Orientals.
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PMID:Histamine receptor antagonism of intolerance to alcohol in the Oriental population. 368 Dec 77

Among 160 consecutive patients referred to the Clinic of Occupational Medicine, Rigshospitalet, for symptoms connected with exposure to organic solvents, 20 exhibited symptoms of acquired intolerance to minor amounts of organic solvents. Later, an additional 30 consecutive patients with symptoms of acquired intolerance were included, yielding a total of 43 men and 7 women. The characteristics of the clinical syndrome described are complaints of dizziness, nausea, and weakness after exposure to minimal solvent vapor concentrations. After having tolerated long-term occupational exposure to moderate or high air concentrations of various organic solvents, the patients became intolerant within a short period of time. Since dizziness was a frequent complaint, we tried to obtain a measure of the patients' complaints using vestibular tests. As a diagnostic test the combined vestibular tests had a sensitivity of 0.55 and a specificity of 0.87. No differences between patients with and without intolerance could be detected by the vestibular tests used. We conclude that acquired intolerance to organic solvents is a new but characteristic and easily recognizable syndrome, often with severe consequences for the patient's working ability.
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PMID:Acquired intolerance to organic solvents and results of vestibular testing. 370 10


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