Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Enoximone, a new phosphodiesterase-inhibitor with positive inotropic and vasodilating activities is available for intravenous use in patients with severe heart failure. A review of the current knowledge regarding the adverse effects of this substance reveals that they are characterized by cardiovascular, central nervous, and gastrointestinal side effects. Adverse effects occurred in 20% of patients and were mostly due to the pharmacological properties of enoximone. Cardiovascular side effects (10%) were the most frequent; ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias were most common. Two to three percent of the patients experienced hypotension due to the vasodilator activity of enoximone. Headache, insomnia, and anxiety were the most frequent adverse effects on the central nervous system. Three percent of the patients treated experienced vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. An increase of liver enzymes and serum glucose could be observed, mostly in patients with previous liver disease or diabetes. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions are not known; possible pharmacodynamic interactions result from the pharmacological properties of the drugs. Intravenous therapy with enoximone causes a few serious side effects that can only be controlled by careful observation of the patients treated.
 ...
PMID:[Tolerance of enoximone in patients with heart failure]. 183 4

Fluoroquinolones are generally very safe antibiotics which do not cause serious or life-threatening adverse reactions. The most frequent side-effects are gastrointestinal reactions (nausea, dyspepsia, vomiting) and CNS reactions such as dizziness, insomnia and headache. Many of the more severe CNS reactions seem to be due to metabolic interaction with theophylline, especially when enoxacin is used. Of the potentially serious side-effects, photoxicity has been reported in varying frequencies with the different fluoroquinolones. Caution is necessary when this group of drugs, especially pefloxacin, is prescribed to patients who will have intensive exposure to UV light during treatment. The finding in juvenile animals of cartilage damage after administration of high doses have resulted in recommendations that fluoroquinolones should not be used in children. Carefully monitored studies should be performed in paediatric patients to assess whether there is a real risk of such adverse reactions.
 ...
PMID:Side-effects of quinolones: comparisons between quinolones and other antibiotics. 186

1. The authors review the literature describing acute symptomatology produced by the gradual or abrupt withdrawal of heterocyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) and neuroleptics. 2. Withdrawal of heterocyclic antidepressants and antipsychotic agents causes similar symptomatology. Symptoms produced by the discontinuation of these drugs include nausea, emesis, anorexia, diarrhea, rhinorrhea, diaphoresis, myalgias, paresthesias, anxiety, agitation, restlessness, and insomnia. 3. Psychotic relapse is often presaged by anxiety, agitation, restlessness, and insomnia. Prodromal symptoms are distinguished from the effects of neuroleptic withdrawal by a temporal relationship of the latter to reductions in the dosage or discontinuation of antipsychotic agents. 4. Withdrawal of MAOIs can result in severe anxiety, agitation, pressured speech, sleeplessness or drowsiness, hallucinations, delirium, and paranoid psychosis. 5. MAOI withdrawal phenomena resemble the symptoms produced by the discontinuation of chronically administered psychostimulants. 6. The capacity of MAOIs to exert amphetamine-like effects presynaptically and the propensity of somatic treatments for depression to subsensitize presynaptic receptors regulating the release of catecholamines provide a basis for the development of psychotic symptoms upon the withdrawal of MAOI. Evidence for this hypothesis is reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Heterocyclic antidepressant, monoamine oxidase inhibitor and neuroleptic withdrawal phenomena. 196 71

Patients previously treated with H2-receptor blocking agents (cimetidine or ranitidine) exhibited a complex neurobehavioral and gastroenteric syndrome, including anxiety, insomnia, anorexia, growing thin, irritability, tachycardia, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, vertigo. These symptoms were dramatically reduced by administration of cimetidine or ranitidine, and reappeared with a new suspension of the therapy. The withdrawal syndrome from H2-receptor antagonists was reversed by treatment with domperidone (10 mg three times per day), a potent hyperprolactinaemic drug which does not cross the blood brain barrier. These results suggest that the drop in prolactin levels that occurs when cimetidine or ranitidine are suspended may contribute to the development of the withdrawal syndrome.
 ...
PMID:[The H2-antagonist therapy withdrawal syndrome: the possible role of hyperprolactinemia]. 198 22

The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, assay methodologies, adverse effects, and dosage of levamisole are described, and the clinical studies of levamisole therapy in patients with colorectal carcinoma are reviewed. Levamisole is a synthetic, orally active agent that has antihelmintic and immunomodulatory properties. It is capable of inducing T-cell differentiation and restoring depressed effector functions of peripheral lymphocytes and phagocytes to normal. The drug is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration and is extensively metabolized by the liver. Gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography are the most common methods used to measure concentrations of levamisole in biologic fluids. Levamisole combined with fluorouracil has been associated with a one-third reduction in recurrence and risk of death in patients with surgically resected Dukes stage C colon cancer; this combination is now recommended as standard therapy in these patients. Uses in patients with rectal carcinoma, Dukes stage B colon cancer, metastatic colon cancer, other malignancies, or nonmalignant disorders remain investigational. Common adverse effects include nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, metallic or altered taste, flulike symptoms, mood elevation, insomnia, hyperalertness, dizziness, and headache. The most serious adverse effect associated with levamisole is granulocytopenia. The FDA-approved dosage of levamisole is 50 mg orally every eight hours for three days every two weeks. Levamisole therapy is to be initiated no earlier than 7 and no later than 30 days after surgery and is to be continued for one year. Levamisole combined with fluorouracil has been associated with a one-third reduction in recurrence and risk of death in patients with resected stage C colon cancer. Further research is needed to more clearly define the mechanism of action, optimum dose and scheduling, and clinical efficacy of levamisole in treating other malignancies.
 ...
PMID:Levamisole in the adjuvant treatment of colon cancer. 200 37

Acute mountain sickness is a pathologic reaction as a result of bad adaptation to high altitudes (greater than 2.500 meters). The main symptoms are headache, nausea, vomits, and insomnia. When severe it can produce oliguria, retinal hemorrhage, ataxia and sometimes coma. Its etiology is not well known. It is considered that the first producer factor of the disease is tissular hypoxia secondary to low partial oxygen pressure existing in areas of high sea level. The treatment consists of descent and the use of dexametasone and acetazolamide.
 ...
PMID:[Acute mountain sickness]. 210 53

In a double-blind randomized trial, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of three oral dosage regimens of fleroxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, once daily in 62 patients for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. The regimens compared were 200 mg for 10 days (n = 20), 400 mg for 10 days (n = 21), and 600 mg for 10 days (n = 21). Forty-five patients were evaluable for efficacy. A clinical cure was reached in 78% of the patients. Overall, a favorable bacteriological response (negative culture or reinfection at 4 to 6 weeks) was obtained in 36 of 45 (80%) patients. No significant difference could be found among the three dosage groups. During therapy, one Klebsiella ozaenae strain became resistant and one Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain became less susceptible to fleroxacin. In 13 patients, therapy had to be discontinued due to major adverse events (oliguria [n = 1], psychosis [n = 1], photosensitivity [n = 1], insomnia [n = 1], and nausea [n = 9]). Minor side effects were seen in 13 other patients. Increased dosage correlated significantly (P less than 0.01) with total number of adverse events.
 ...
PMID:Double-blind, dose-range-finding study of fleroxacin (RO 23-6240; AM-833) for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. 211 Apr 37

Fourteen postmenopausal women with estrogen-receptor positive advanced breast cancer and no prior cytostatic treatment received 20 mg toremifene daily as a single dose after a loading dose (120----60----60 mg) for the first 3 days. All were evaluable and had undergone at least 6 weeks' treatment. Results were: no complete remissions (CR), 3 partial remissions (PR), 8 no change (NC) and 3 cases of progressive disease (PD). Three patients had mild side effects: nausea, insomnia, sweating and arm pain.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of advanced breast cancer with 20 mg toremifene, a phase II study. Preliminary communication. 214 39

A discussion of unconscious psychological resistance to contraception is illustrated by the case of a woman with a 10-year history of use of oral contraceptives and IUDs marked by repeated development of side effects and changes of formulation culminating in a serious depression after tubal ligation at age 35. The woman's postligation complaints of abdominal pain resistant to analgesic treatment were the expression of a serious depressive syndrome that responded poorly to antidepressants. The request for contraception normally contains 2 propositions: the individual desires to have sexual relations, and the individual does not wish to procreate. The logical connection between these 2 propositions at the conscious level is absent at the level of the unconscious, where there is no logic or possibility of reasoning. Forgetting a pill is a relatively minor form of resistance to contraception. Other symptoms, such as pain, vertigo, nausea, nervousness, insomnia, and anxiety with the pill or unexplained pain, repeated local infections, or anxiety and depression with the IUD may be manifestations of the psychological modifications inevitably caused by the psychic symbolism of the contraceptive. The difficulty experienced by certain women in accepting in their unconscious the 2 propositions about contraception causes the symptoms to be produced. Unconscious motives for resistance to contraception may include a woman's dependence on the potential for maternity for her sexual identity, or anxiety at the degree of sexual freedom offered by the contraceptive method. The unconscious elements related to resistance are sometimes open to modification. A study of women undergoing abortion at a center in Rennes indication that 91% failed to use an effective method of contraception at the time of the pregnancy, but that 1 year later 76% had accepted a method. Only 12% at risk of undesired pregnancy were not using a method. A large part of the increased usage was probably explained by contraceptive information provided at the time of the abortion, but the very fact of the abortion may have helped some of the women resolve their feelings of ambivalence about contraception. But 53% of the contraceptive acceptors complained of side effects, mainly anxiety, decreased sexual pleasure, weight gain and menstrual problems. It appears that an abortion may influence the decision to use a method without greatly changing the resistance to contraception. The practitioner wishing to assess the potential tolerance or resistance of a woman to contraception should take the time to discuss her feelings about contraception, menstruation (which signifies absence of pregnancy and thus maternity), and her sexual and emotional life. the dialogue can continue in subsequent visits if the women had complaints about side effects.
 ...
PMID:[Resistance to contraception]. 219 28

Data from two large, fixed-dose trials support the efficacy of a fixed 20 mg/day dose of fluoxetine in the treatment of depression. Data pooled from these two studies suggest a dose relationship for adverse events during fluoxetine therapy. At a fixed 20 mg/day dose, only nausea and insomnia were reported by a significantly greater percentage of patients (p less than .05) than those treated with placebo. However, at 60 mg/day, nausea, anxiety, dizziness, and insomnia were reported by a significantly greater percentage of patients (p less than .05) than those treated with placebo. The potential relationship of response rate [Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) total decrease greater than or equal to 50%] to plasma concentrations of fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, and fluoxetine plus norfluoxetine was evaluated in one study which excluded early responders (less than or equal to 3 weeks of therapy). No significant relationship was found. Furthermore, adverse events were not related to plasma concentrations.
 ...
PMID:Fluoxetine: relationships among dose, response, adverse events, and plasma concentrations in the treatment of depression. 219 23


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>