Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some scientists added the progestin levonorgestrel to the vaginal ring which must be removed every 3 weeks to address the problem of irregular bleeding, but it adversely altered lipoprotein levels and caused too many hemorrhaging problems. On the other hand, scientists in the laboratory at Organon have conducted various studies of a vaginal ring with ethinyl estradiol and 3-keto-desogestrel at different doses which have yielded favorable results. A multicenter European study was conducted with 400 women aged 18-40 years wearing a vaginal ring with 0.120 mg keto-desogestrel and 0.015 mg ethinyl estradiol every day for 9 months. 10% had slight bleeding 15 days after insertion of the vaginal ring. In 10 women tested, the plasmal levels of progesterone and estrogen decreased by 4 nmol/l and 0.010 nmol/l, respectively. The first French study was conducted at the Gynecology College of Bordeaux and the South-West in 1988 and included 40 women followed for 9 cycles. The vaginal ring consisted of 2 compartments: the biggest compartment contained only 3-keto-desogestrel and the other also contained ethinyl estradiol. It remained in the vagina for 21 days, then was removed to be rinsed, dried, and placed in a box. It was reinserted on the 5th or 7th day of the cycle. This ring reduces the volume of blood during menses and eliminates abdominal cramps, nausea, and headaches. Women tolerate the vaginal ring better than they do oral contraceptives (OCs); for example, it does not cause them to gain weight, they tolerate glucose well, it brings about favorable changes in lipoproteins, it does not bring about conditions favorable to thrombophlebitis, and it can improve the skin for acne-sufferers. Young women accept vaginal rings enthusiastically. The efficacy of vaginal rings with 2 steroids is the same as that of OCs.
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PMID:[Vaginal contraception with steroids]. 1228

Marvelon, a monophasic oral contraceptive (OC) containing 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 150 mcg of desogestrel, has been available to Malaysian women through the national family planning program since 1982. To assess the safety, effectiveness, and side effects associated with this OC, 247 women who requested the pill were enrolled in a multicenter prospective study that included follow-up after the first, third, and sixth cycles of use. 81% of participants had never used any form of contraception before Marvelon. 194 women (79%) completed the 6-month study. There were no pregnancies recorded. Although women reported a slightly increased incidence of nausea, breast tenderness, and headache in the first treatment cycle, these side effects had abated by the end of the third cycle. After six cycles, mean body weight had decreased by an average of 0.4 kg. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were unaffected. An unexpected finding was a decrease in the severity of acne with continuous use of Marvelon. Although both spotting and breakthrough bleeding increased slightly in the first two cycles, irregular bleeding returned to pretreatment levels by the third cycle. The length of the withdrawal bleed in the pill-free week was reduced. The incidence of irregular bleeding and other side effects was substantially lower in this sample of Malaysian women than in Asian and Caucasian Marvelon users surveyed in other studies.
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PMID:A prospective study of a monophasic oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg ethinyl oestradiol and 150 mcg desogestrel (Marvelon). 1232 Mar 38

Family planners responding to an annual oral contraceptives (OC) survey tended to recommend switching pills for complaints of headaches and mood swings and life style changes for the complaint of weight gain. Nearly 3/4 of survey respondents indicated that headaches and mood swings affected less than 5% of their patients. On the other hand, 29% reported that less than 5% of patients complained of weight gain; 27% said 10% complained; 19% said 10-15% complained; 10% said 15 to 20% complained; and 14% said more than 20% of patients complained of weight gain. 57% of the 137 respondents would instruct patients to exercise more and reduce calorie intake, and only 13% would change a patient's pill formulation because of weight gain. Nausea, breast changes, breakthrough bleeding, and compliance issues seem to be more relevant to birth control pills. However, a study indicated that women who discontinue more often do it because more often do it because of weight gain or acne than because of irregular bleeding or amenorrhea. Some women have gained 10-30 lbs using OCs. Researchers in Sweden recorded the secretion of the satiety hormone cholecystokinin during a 24-hour period before and during administration of OCs to 9 women, and found that pills suppressed the serum profiles of cholecystokinin inducing the feeling of hunger. Further studies are needed to evaluate the mechanism of this effect.
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PMID:Lifestyle changes most often suggested for weight complaints. Special report: annual pill survey. 1234 23

A postmarketing observational study was carried out in a prospective, open and multi-centric manner monitoring a treatment period of 4 cycles (4 x 28 days) among Indian women of child bearing age to determine the acceptability and reliability of desogestrel (75 microg/day), an oestrogen-free pill. It involved 299 subjects recruited at each of 20 centres spread all over India. The study duration for each subject was 16 weeks with follow-up visits at 4, 8 and 16 weeks intervals. At each follow-up visit, subjects were evaluated for any failure of contraception, change in bleeding pattern and other adverse events. Of the study subjects, 238 (79.6%) continued the study for 4 cycles and were thus considered eligible for analysis of bleeding patterns with no failure of contraception. In addition, the physician's as well as patient's global assessment, demonstrated a "very good" response in majority of subjects (> 84%). A sizeable number of cases (47.9%) had infrequent episodes (1 to 5) of bleeding--spotting during the shifted reference period, while 41.2% experienced amenorrhoea. There was no clinically significant change in blood pressure or body weight. Of the 299 such subjects enrolled, 53 subjects were lost to follow-up and did not come for the 1st follow-up visit. Hence, out of the 246 subjects, 21.1% presented with 78 separate adverse events during 960 treatment cycles. None of the reported adverse events were severe and there was not even a single serious adverse effect during the course of the study. Nausea, breast tenderness and headache (7.7%, 10.1% and 9.7% respectively) were the most frequent adverse events observed during the study. Desogestrel 75 mg/day was well accepted in majority of Indian women. It provides good contraceptive efficacy, with a lower incidence of irregular bleeding and spotting episodes.
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PMID:A postmarketing observational study assessing acceptability and reliability of desogestrel only contrapceptive pill (Cerazette) in Indian women. 1744 70


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