Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Retrospective symptom prevalence data, collected from over 2000 adult respondents living near three different hazardous waste sites, were analyzed with respect to both self-reported "environmental worry" and frequency of perceiving environmental (particularly petrochemical) odors. Significant positive relationships were observed between the prevalence of several symptoms (headache, nausea, eye and throat irritation) and both frequency of odor perception and degree of worry. Headaches, for example, showed a prevalence odds ratio of 5.0 comparing respondents who reported noticing environmental odors frequently versus those noticing no such odors and 10.8 comparing those who described themselves as "very worried" versus "not worried" about environmental conditions in their neighborhood. Elimination of respondents who ascribed their environmental worry to illness in themselves or in family members did not materially affect the strength of the observed associations. In addition to their independent effects, odor perception and environmental worry exhibited positive interaction as determinants of symptom prevalence, as evidenced by a prevalence odds ratio of 38.1 comparing headaches among the high worry/frequent-odor group and the no-worry/no-odor group. In comparison neighborhoods with no nearby waste sites, environmental worry has been found to be associated with symptom occurrence as well. Potential explanations for these observations are presented, including the possibility that odors serve as a sensory cue for the manifestation of stress-related illness (or heightened awareness of underlying symptoms) among individuals concerned about the quality of their neighborhood environment.
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PMID:Symptom prevalence and odor-worry interaction near hazardous waste sites. 195 35

In September and October of 1987, the California Department of Health Services responded to community complaints by investigating the relationship between health symptoms and community exposure to cotton defoliants. Symptoms experienced during the 1987 cotton defoliation season by 232 residents of cotton-growing communities were compared with symptoms of 175 residents of non-cotton-growing agricultural communities. Fatigue, eye irritation, rhinitis, throat irritation, nausea, and diarrhea were statistically elevated in rates adjusted for age, sex, and race and were reported 60-100% more frequently by respondents living or working near sprayed cotton fields than by the comparison group. These symptom rate elevations were substantially unchanged even after adjustment by a model of potentially confounding factors that included cigarette smoking, chronic illness, and some additional demographic variables.
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PMID:Acute health effects of community exposure to cotton defoliants. 261 May 23

This double-blind, randomized, crossover study compared the incidence of nasal burning and stinging, as well as overall tolerability of the currently marketed formulation of Rhinalar (original formulation) to a new formulation of Rhinalar containing less propylene glycol. In addition, patient and investigator subjective evaluations were used to compare the effectiveness of the test medications in controlling the nasal symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. A total of 122 patients were enrolled in this 4-week trial. Each patient received one formulation of Rhinalar for 2 weeks and then crossed over to receive the alternate formulation for an additional 2 weeks. Eighteen patients withdrew from the trial prematurely. Ten patients were lost to follow-up and eight withdrew due to side effects and/or inadequate therapeutic response. Statistical comparisons of patient evaluations of nasal burning and stinging with the two formulations of Rhinalar showed a very significant difference in terms of severity (P less than .001), duration (P less than .001), and tolerability (P = .006) in favour of the new formulation. A reduction in severity of throat irritation with the new formulation was also shown to be statistically significant (P = .006). Nausea, headache, and other side effects including watery eyes, taste perversion, and runny nose were seldom reported with either test medication. Both formulations were shown to be equally effective in relieving the nasal symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. The considerable reduction in nasal burning and stinging and throat irritation with the new formulation of Rhinalar was shown to enhance patient acceptability and may lead to better compliance.
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PMID:Comparative tolerability of two formulations of Rhinalar (flunisolide) nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. 305 88

Diesel exhaust is a common air pollutant and work exposure has been reported to cause discomfort and affect lung function. The aim of this study was to develop an experimental setup which would allow investigation of acute effects on symptoms and lung function in humans exposed to diluted diesel exhaust. Diluted diesel exhaust was fed from an idling lorry through heated tubes into an exposure chamber. During evaluations of the setup we found the size and the shape of the exhaust particles to appear unchanged during the transport from the tail pipe to the exposure chamber. The composition of the diesel exhaust expressed as the ratios CO/NO, total hydrocarbons/NO, particles/NO, NO2/NO, and formaldehyde/NO were almost constant at different dilutions. The concentrations of NO2 and particles in the exposure chamber showed no obvious gradients. New steady state concentrations in the exposure chamber were obtained within 5-7 min. In a separate experiment eight healthy nonsmoking subjects were exposed to diluted exhaust at a median steady state concentration of 1.6 ppm NO2 for the duration of 1 h in the exposure chamber. All subjects experienced unpleasant smell, eye irritation, and nasal irritation. Throat irritation, headache, dizziness, nausea, tiredness, and coughing were experienced by some subjects. Lung function was not found to be affected during the exposure. The experimental setup was found to be appropriate for creating different predetermined steady state concentrations in the exposure chamber of diluted exhaust from a continuously idling vehicle. The acute symptoms reported by the subjects were relatively similar to what patients reported at different workplaces.
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PMID:Evaluation of an exposure setup for studying effects of diesel exhaust in humans. 780

The sick building syndrome (SBS) has been the subject of serious scientific inquiry only in the past 10 years. It is commonly accepted to represent eye, nose, and throat irritation; headaches, lethargy, difficulty concentrating, and sometimes dizziness; nausea, chest tightness; and other symptoms. Evidence suggests that what is called the SBS is at least three separate entities, each of which has at least one cause. This review will summarize the epidemiologic investigations of the SBS and present an overview of etiologic hypotheses.
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PMID:Epidemiology of the sick building syndrome. 807 80

Passive smokers are exposed to a quantitatively smaller but qualitatively different smoke than active smokers. Clinical and epidemiological investigations indicate that allergic and nonallergic subjects are susceptible to tobacco smoke. The most frequent symptoms are eye irritation and blinking, nasal and throat irritation, nausea and headache. Acute effects on respiratory system are manifested by increase of airway resistance and decrease of airway specific conductance. Chronic effects include deterioration of pulmonary function, exacerbation of allergy, chronic pulmonary diseases, angina pectoris and increase of relative risk of lung cancer. Children are sensitive to tobacco smoke even before birth and exposure during the first year of life increases the risk of respiratory disease. Passive smoking at workplace is recognized as a cause of occupational respiratory diseases and the tollerable concentration of cigarette smoke is suggested for 8-hour exposure of healthy workers.
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PMID:[Passive smoking--(un)recognized effects on the respiratory system]. 830 42

A mixture of paraquat and water was applied, by helicopter, to agricultural fields near a residential community and near an associated commercial complex. Drift from the application passed directly over the community, which resulted in resident complaints to the local county agricultural department. A community survey was undertaken to determine what health consequences, if any, resulted from the drift. A comparison of 2-wk self-reported symptom rates between the exposed community and three historical control communities indicated that 10 symptoms were elevated significantly at p < .05: cough, diarrhea, eye irritation, headache, nausea, rhinitis, throat irritation, trouble breathing, unusual tiredness, and wheezing. An internal comparison, which predicted symptom rates by an index of paraquat exposure (smelling an unusual odor in the prior 2-wk period), indicated fever (relative risk [RR] = 11.97) and nausea (RR = 3.75) to have elevated relative risks. Odor perception also predicted the report of a greater than the average number of symptoms. Based upon these findings, it was concluded that these residents probably did experience an increase in health symptoms from the drift. It is recommended that paraquat not be sprayed near residential communities.
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PMID:Community exposure to a paraquat drift. 845 99

The authors present their experience with transnasal butorphanol to provide analgesia following orthopaedic and plastic surgical procedures in children. Transnasal butorphanol was administered to eight patients ranging in age from eight to 17 years and in weight from 34 to 64 kg. Following the surgical procedure, the patient and a parent were instructed on how to use the medication. They were instructed to administer one spray into one nostril every three h as needed for pain. The quality of analgesia was assessed twice a day using a visual analogue score of 0 to 10 (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain imaginable). Intranasal butorphanol provided adequate analgesia in all eight patients with visual analogue scores of zero to two. Adverse effects from the medication included one report of nausea, one complaint of transient dizziness, and two reports of a bitter taste and some mild throat irritation. None of these was severe enough to preclude its subsequent use. Our preliminary experience suggests that transnasal butorphanol may offer an alternative route of delivery when intravenous administration is not feasible. Future studies are needed to compare its efficacy to intravenous and non-parenteral routes of administration. It may prove to be useful in other situations when intravenous access is lacking such as prior to invasive procedures in the outpatient clinic or emergency room.
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PMID:Transnasal butorphanol for postoperative analgesia following paediatric surgery in a Third World country. 852 12

Reported herewith are the results from an ongoing study of outdoor air pollution and the health of persons living in the communities in close proximity to petrochemical industrial complexes. To determine if there is an excess of adverse health outcomes in the population exposed to petrochemical industrial emissions, a health survey was undertaken in 1996 in this area and in one reference area which has no local industrial emissions. The subjects were 436 adults (30-64 years of age) living in the Sanwei area (exposed area) and 488 in Taicei (reference area). For several indicators of respiratory health, including cough, wheezing, and chronic bronchitis, the prevalence rates were not significantly different between the study and the control populations. Acute irritative symptoms (eye irritation, nausea, throat irritation, and chemical odor perception) were significantly more common in the exposed area, particularly perception of chemical odors (84.6% vs 2.1%). It is concluded that exposure to petrochemical air emissions may be associated with increased rates of acute irritative symptoms. Future studies are needed to identify the potential role of petrochemical industrial emissions (particularly volatile organic compounds) in the genesis of acute irritative symptoms in a nearby petrochemical industrial area.
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PMID:Respiratory and irritant health effects of a population living in a petrochemical-polluted area in Taiwan. 933 27

The nonsedating histamine H1 receptor antagonist fexofenadine is the active metabolite of terfenadine. It reduced the allergic response in animal models of allergy and did not prolong the QT interval (QTc) in dogs or rabbits at plasma concentrations many times higher than those seen after administration of therapeutic dosages. Similarly, relative to placebo, fexofenadine did not affect mean QTc in patients given dosages of up to 480 mg/day for 2 weeks or in volunteers who received up to 800 mg/day for 6 days or 240 mg/day for 12 months. In a double-blind clinical trial, oral fexofenadine 120 or 180mg once daily controlled symptoms in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis as effectively as cetirizine. Other double-blind clinical trials showed that fexofenadine 40 to 240mg twice daily was significantly more effective than placebo. Fexofenadine 180 or 240mg once daily was significantly more effective than placebo in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. The drug was well tolerated in these clinical trials, with an adverse event profile similar to that seen with placebo. The most common adverse events were headache, throat irritation, viral infection, nausea, dysmenorrhoea, drowsiness, dyspepsia and fatigue.
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PMID:Fexofenadine. 950 46


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