Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Subacute carbon monoxide poisoning is commonly misdiagnosed as an influenza-like viral illness. All patients presenting to the triage nurse at University Hospital with flu-like symptoms during February 1985 were asked to give blood samples for carboxyhemoglobin determination. Fifty-five patients (10% of those eligible) with headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, general malaise, or shortness of breath were enrolled in the study. Carboxyhemoglobin levels ranged from 0 to 21%. Thirteen patients (23.6%) of this self-selected subgroup had carboxyhemoglobin levels greater than or equal to 10%. There was no statistically significant difference in carboxyhemoglobin levels between smokers and nonsmokers. More patients using wood heat had elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels than patients using any other form of heating (P less than .05). No patient with a carboxyhemoglobin level greater than or equal to 10% was diagnosed as having subacute CO poisoning by emergency physicians. Physicians must seek out the possibility of CO toxicity in patients with flu-like illness, particularly in inner-city populations during the heating months. Fundoscopy and COHb levels may be useful in selected cases to correctly diagnose patients and avoid a return to a hazardous environment with potentially fatal consequences.
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PMID:Carboxyhemoglobin levels in patients with flu-like symptoms. 359 33

A patient with malignant ascites refractory to conservative and conventional therapy underwent peritoneovenous shunt. The shunt provided palliation for 7 months with relief of nausea, vomiting, and anorexia and with decrease of weight and abdominal girth. There was no need for repeated paracenteses, which had been required before shunting. The patient's strength increased. However, increasing shortness of breath developed approximately 6 to 7 months after insertion of the shunt. The shunt was associated with extensive metastatic dissemination of peritoneal mesothelioma to both lungs. It is suggested that peritoneal mesothelioma is a contraindication for peritoneovenous shunt.
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PMID:Peritoneovenous shunt for intractable malignant ascites. A single case report of metastatic peritoneal mesothelioma implanted via LeVeen shunt. 620 8

A double-blind randomized study of 45 climbers on Mt. Rainier was conducted to test the effectiveness of antacids in preventing acute mountain sickness. All 45 climbed to 3353 m, and 31 continued to the summit. Ten climbers listed acute mountain sickness as the reason for not attaining the summit. Of symptoms monitored throughout the climb, neither headache, nausea, dizziness, pounding heart, nor shortness of breath differed in severity between antacid-treated and placebo-treated groups. In both groups vital capacity decreased significantly with ascent (p less than 0.05), while peak flow (p less than 0.005) and minute ventilation (p less than 0.001) increased significantly. The 7 climbers with the most severe AMS symptom scores above 4000 m had significantly lower peak flow at sea level prior to ascent compared with the other 25 climbers who completed sea level tests (p less than 0.005). The results of this study fail to document efficacy for antacid use for the prevention of acute mountain sickness.
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PMID:Acute mountain sickness, antacids, and ventilation during rapid, active ascent of Mount Rainier. 634 73

One hundred women in preterm labor were randomly treated with ritodrine or terbutaline in a double-blind fashion. The drugs were comparably effective during intravenous therapy but, in women with intact membranes, an oral dose of terbutaline, 30 mg daily, was significantly more effective than ritodrine, 120 mg daily, in preventing recurrent labor during a 5-day course of oral therapy (one of 19 versus 12 of 23, p less than 0.001). In women with intact membranes, pregnancy was prolonged 40 +/- 25 days (mean +/- SD) in women receiving terbutaline orally and only 22 +/- 24 days in women receiving ritodrine orally (p less than 0.01). In women with intact membranes, a heart rate greater than or equal to 130 bpm occurred in in a higher proportion of women receiving intravenous treatment with ritodrine than among those receiving terbutaline (20 of 31 versus 8 of 27, p less than 0.05). Terbutaline-treated women, however, were significantly more likely to have a serum glucose level in excess of 140 mg/dl than were women treated with ritodrine (13 of 26 versus 6 of 29, p less than 0.05). Side effects commonly observed during intravenous therapy included nausea (22%), chest pain (15%), and shortness of breath (15%). Side effects were significantly (p less than 0.025) more likely to occur during periods when the infusion rate was being increased rather than during periods when the infusion rate was constant.
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PMID:A double-blind study comparing ritodrine and terbutaline in the treatment of preterm labor. 638 45

Twenty-four patients were evaluated in a non-randomized study to assess the effectiveness of dibromodulcitol (DBD) in Stage IV melanoma. Patients received 100 mg/m2 of DBD orally for 35 days. The dose was escalated to 130 mg/m2 and then to 160 mg/m2 if no significant hematologic toxicity occurred. There were no objective responses, including six patients who had had no prior chemotherapy. Five patients (21%) remained stable. Median survival was 151 days. Survival favored females, nonvisceral involvement pretherapy, and patients with a disease-free interval (DFI) of greater than 1 year. None of these advantages was statistically significant. Toxicity was predominantly hematologic, but nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, and diarrhea were also seen. Oral DBD, using this dose and schedule, does not appear efficacious in advanced disseminated melanoma.
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PMID:A phase II study of dibromodulcitol (DBD) in stage IV melanoma. 650 78

Praziquantel (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]++ +isoquinolin- 4-one, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) has been used in 4853 patients with Opisthorchis viverrini infection. 786 patients were treated as inpatients with extensive clinical evaluation and the rest were out-patients. A cure rate (evaluated with 5 faecal samples) of 100% was obtained in groups given 6 X 25 mg/kg on 2 days and 3 X 25 mg/kg on 1 day, while in groups given 2 X 25 mg/kg, 1 X 25 mg/kg and 1 X 40 mg/kg all on 1 day the cure rates were 88, 44 and 91%, respectively. With one sample evaluation the parasitological cure rate was 96% in further 96 patients excreting the geometric mean (GM) of 5394 eggs per gram (EPG) and receiving 1 X 40 mg/kg. Another 68 patients with an egg output of 26044 (GM/EPG) and treated with 1 X 50 mg/kg showed a cure rate of 97% by similar evaluation. Side effects were mild and transient and were more frequent in higher dosage groups. They included anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, epigastric pain, rumbling in the abdomen, diarrhoea, lassitude, myalgia, headache, dizziness, sleeplessness, sleepiness, "hot sensation", shortness of breath, and skin rash in a few cases. Headache (30.7%) was most common in the 6 X 25 mg/kg group. In 53 patients with severe jaundice the side effects were similar. There was no evidence of toxicity. Remarkable was one patient treated with 1 X 50 mg/kg who expelled 5636 O. viverrini worms, most of which were elongated and damaged. When a single dose is prescribed it should be given at bed time to reduce the side effect of sedation.
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PMID:Opisthorchis viverrini: clinical experience with praziquantel in Hospital for Tropical Diseases. 654 86

Almitrine bismesylate was administered to young, healthy, non-smoking male subjects as single oral doses, multiple oral doses and multiple oral doses with food. A variety of physiological parameters and blood parameters were tested at specified times in relationship to drug ingestion, and multiple blood samples for plasma almitrine bismesylate levels were obtained. Evaluation of the data revealed almitrine bismesylate to be safe at all doses tested, up to 400 mg per day, with symptoms of mild nausea and headache occurring most frequently when the drug was administered in the fasting state. A striking complaint of shortness of breath on exertion was reported by subjects, with increased frequency and severity related to total amount of drug ingested and level of physical activity. Increased oxygen uptake and tidal volume were found after multiple oral dosing. Plasma almitrine bismesylate levels were highly variable, and marked individual differences in peak levels and terminal phase rate constants and half lives were found. Multiple oral dosing, either fasting or with food, significantly prolonged the terminal phase half life when compared to single oral dosing.
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PMID:Effects and handling of almitrine bismesylate in healthy subjects. 658 42

Sixty-four climbers participated in a randomized clinical trial of acetazolamide prophylaxis for acute mountain sickness (AMS) during rapid, active ascent of MT Rainier. Twenty-nine (93.6%) of 31 climbers receiving acetazolamide and 25 (75.8%) of 33 receiving placebo attained the summit. Time spent ascending from sea level to the summit (4,394 m) averaged 33.5 hours (range, 23 to 48 hours). On the summit AMS was less common in climbers receiving acetazolamide, and they experienced less headache, nausea, drowsiness, shortness of breath, and dizziness and a greater sense of satisfaction and psychological well-being. Minute ventilation on the summit was significantly greater in subjects taking acetazolamide (24.9 +/- 2.0 L/min compared with 16.9 +/- 3.8 L/min). Expired vital capacity was also greater on the summit in the acetazolamide group (6.9 +/- 0.4 L compared with 5.8 +/- 0.4 L). We conclude that acetazolamide is effective in the prophylaxis of AMS for climbers attempting rapid, active ascent. Increased ventilation at altitude, producing an increased alveolar oxygen tension, may be related to the observed amelioration of symptoms.
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PMID:Acute mountain sickness and acetazolamide. Clinical efficacy and effect on ventilation. 704 33

Two children and 29 of 31 crew members aboard a grain freighter became acutely ill after inhaling the toxic fumigant phosphine; one child died. Predominant symptoms were headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, cough, and shortness of breath. Abnormal physical findings included jaundice, paresthesias, ataxia, intention tremor, and diplopia. Focal myocardial infiltration with necrosis, pulmonary edema, and widespread small-vessel injury were found at postmortem examination of the dead child. The surviving child showed ECG and echocardiographic evidence of myocardial injury and transient elevation of the MB fraction of serum creatinine phosphokinase. Illness was significantly associated with living or working amidships or on the forward deck areas of the vessel. Phosphine gas was found to have escaped from the holds through a cable housing located near the midships ventilation intake and around hatch covers on the forward deck. The outbreak illustrates the hazards associated with shipboard fumigation.
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PMID:Acute phosphine poisoning aboard a grain freighter. Epidemiologic, clinical, and pathological findings. 738 74

Panic disorder is a chronic illness that affects at least 3 percent of the population. Panic disorder is associated with significant morbidity and an increased risk of suicide. Patients generally present with multiple somatic and psychologic complaints, including heart palpitations, chest pain, tremor, shortness of breath, choking, nausea or abdominal distress, dizziness, derealization, fear of losing control or going crazy, fear of dying, paresthesias, chills or hot flushes, headache, diarrhea, insomnia, chronic fatigue, anxiety and depression. To make the correct diagnosis, these symptoms must be evaluated carefully since they also occur with serious cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrinologic and neurologic disorders. Many effective treatments are available, including tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, benzodiazepines such as alprazolam and clonazepam, and psychotherapy.
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PMID:Panic disorder. 748 99


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