Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A combination of the antigestagen mifepristone (RU 486) and a synthetic prostaglandin analogue, gemeprost, was used to induce therapeutic abortion in 100 women in early pregnancy. Local family planning services and general practitioners in Edinburgh referred women of less than 56 days' amenorrhea who had requested abortion. Pregnancy was confirmed by measurement of the serum level of human chorionic gonadotropin. Group I (n=20) received 150 mg mifepristone orally each day for 4 days. Groups II (n=30), III (n=30), and IV (n=20) received a single oral dose of mifepristone, 400 mg, 500 mg, or 600 mg, respectively. Samples of peripheral blood were collected at recruitment for measurement of the concentration of hemoglobin, urea, electrolytes, cortisol, and HCG and for liver function tests. Blood also was taken for estradiol and progesterone essay from women in Groups II, III, and IV. Each woman recorded symptoms in a diary from the day prior to the start of treatment. Study participants were reviewed 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment and discharged from followup after the onset of the next menstrual period. The effectiveness of the 4 treatment regimens was similar. Only 10 (14%) of the 74 women who received half a gemeprost pessary required the 2nd half. 95 of the women aborted completely; 5 women needed surgical intervention. Data were pooled for analysis because there was no significant difference between the 4 groups in the onset of bleeding and pain, requirement for analgesia, side effects, duration of bleeding, measured blood loss, and the time until the next menstrual period. The 94 women who experienced pain became aware of pelvic discomfort 46.6 hours after the initiation of treatment. No patient needed analgesia during the first 48 hours of treatment. After insertion of the pessary, 44 women received an oral analgesic drug and 9 an intramuscular opioid. 47 women did not need an analgesia. There was no significant difference in the frequency of nausea before and during treatment, but there was a significant increase in the incidence of vomiting and of diarrhea. 30 women vomited after the pessary was inserted compared with 13 the day before treatment; 10 women had diarrhea compared with 3 before treatment. No women had clinical evidence of pelvic infection. Liver function tests and cortisol levels were similar prior to and following treatment. Levels of HCG, and estradiol and progesterone decreased significantly after treatment. There were no significant differences in the results between those who needed evacuation and those who did not.
 ...
PMID:Induction of therapeutic abortion in early pregnancy with mifepristone in combination with prostaglandin pessary. 289 91

The new low-osmolar contrast agent ioversol was compared with the conventional ionic contrast agent diatrizoate in 60 patients undergoing routine abdominal (21 patients) and peripheral (39 patients) arteriography. The effects on hemodynamics, various laboratory parameters, and patient comfort were evaluated. In peripheral arteriography, there was less discomfort with ioversol as well as decreased magnitude and incidence of hypotension (P less than .001) after injection. In visceral arteriography, there was no significant difference between the two agents. Overall, the incidence of ECG changes was small in both groups (ioversol 2%, diatrizoate 8%). The two media were equivalent in incidence of adverse reactions (eg, nausea, vomiting, urticaria), the effect on laboratory parameters, and in the diagnostic adequacy of the radiographs. We conclude that ioversol is safe and efficacious for peripheral and visceral arteriography. In peripheral arteriography it causes less patient discomfort and, perhaps more importantly, fewer hemodynamic alterations than diatrizoate. These differences in hemodynamic effects may be important in patients with hemodynamic instability or limited cardiovascular reserve.
 ...
PMID:Ioversol. Double-blind study of a new low osmolar contrast agent for peripheral and visceral arteriography. 291 33

Exogenous administration of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK) is known to decrease food intake and slow gastric emptying in humans and animals. Recent studies have shown that CCK stimulates neurohypophyseal secretion of oxytocin (OT) in rats and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in monkeys, and that gastric distention also stimulates OT release in rats. We therefore studied AVP and OT secretion in 14 normal subjects in response to meal-induced gastric distention and administration of CCK, both separately and in combination, to assess whether these stimuli similarly activated central neurohypophyseal pathways in humans. Neither plasma AVP nor OT concentrations increased after gastric distention produced by ingestion of a large meal. However, a dose-related increase in plasma AVP, but not OT levels, occurred after CCK administration, the threshold CCK dose being 0.05 micrograms/kg body weight. The AVP secretion in response to CCK administration was significantly correlated with subjective aversive symptoms quantified by use of a numeric scale (r = 0.61, P less than 0.001). In 12 of the 14 subjects plasma AVP levels increased in association with symptoms of epigastric pressure and discomfort before the onset of overt nausea or emesis. The combination of CCK and meal-induced gastric distention did not stimulate increases in plasma AVP levels in excess of those produced by CCK administration alone. The results demonstrate that AVP secretion resulting from emetic center activation often is a graded response that can begin in association with milder degrees of visceral discomfort before symptoms of overt nausea or emesis. In addition, the stimulation of AVP secretion by CCK administration, but not by meal-induced gastric distention in association with physiological satiety, suggests that some component of the anorectic effects of exogenous CCK in man likely results from activation of brainstem emetic centers.
 ...
PMID:Neurohypophyseal secretion in response to cholecystokinin but not meal-induced gastric distention in humans. 292 13

The effects of dihydroergocriptine (DHECP), a dihydrogenated ergot alkaloid with dopaminergic agonistic and alpha-adrenergic antagonistic properties, were studied in 22 women with PRL-secreting microprolactinomas and compared with those recorded in 36 previously studied patients treated with bromocriptine (BRC). After acute administration of 5 mg DHECP, orally, serum PRL decreased by 61 +/- 18% (+/- SD); only 1 patient was unresponsive. The nadir was reached at 300 min. Long term treatment with increasing DHECP doses caused a progressive PRL fall from 125 +/- 142 (+/- SD) to 81 +/- 159 micrograms/L after 1 week of a 3 mg twice daily regimen, to 64 +/- 88 micrograms/L after 1 week of 5 mg twice daily, 46 +/- 57 micrograms/L after 1 week of 10 mg twice daily, and 28 +/- 34 to 33 +/- 45 micrograms/L throughout 9 months of treatment with 10 mg DHECP 3 times daily. Seventy-seven percent of patients had normal serum PRL levels during chronic treatment. All women, including those with supranormal serum PRL levels, resumed regular menses, and 16 had ovulatory cycles; 1 woman became pregnant. Galactorrhea disappeared in all. During treatment the PRL response to TRH, initially absent in all patients, became positive in 10. In 7 patients, after DHECP treatment for 9 months, high definition computed tomographic scan no longer showed the focal lesions initially seen. After drug withdrawal, serum PRL increased again in all except 1 patient. Two patients had regular menses for 6 months, and 3 still had no adenoma imaged by high definition computed tomography. In BRC-treated patients the serum PRL changes and clinical results were very similar to those in the DHECP-treated patients, except for the persistence of normal serum PRL levels in 4 patients after drug withdrawal. On the other hand, side-effects were negligible during DHECP treatment, but remarkable during BRC. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased by only 5.4 and 3.0 mm Hg, respectively, after acute 5 mg DHECP administration, but decreased by 12.8 and 14 mm Hg after acute 2.5 mg BRC administration. Orthostatic hypotension and peripheral vasomotor phenomena occurred in the long term DHECP treated patients except one, but they occurred in 9 and 3 of those treated with BRC, respectively. Gastric discomfort or mild nausea occurred in 12 DHECP-treated patients, while mild or severe nausea or vomiting were observed in 18, 11, and 2 of those taking BRC, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Dihydroergocriptine in management of microprolactinomas. 311 32

Twenty-one smokers underwent 24-h abstinence from cigarettes. Both prior to, and after, the abstinence period cardiovascular and subjective effects of smoking a cigarette were measured. Withdrawal symptoms found during abstinence were: irritability, depression, hunger, difficulty concentrating, restlessness and urges to smoke. In addition, the subjects reported feeling physically less well. Withdrawal discomfort was positively correlated with the strength of the subjective effects (e.g. dizziness, nausea) of smoking the post-abstinence cigarette after taking account of estimated nicotine boost from that cigarette. A similar, though only marginally significant association was found between withdrawal severity and heart rate boost from the post-abstinence cigarette. Our results suggest that the severity of withdrawal may be related to loss of acute tolerance to nicotine. It is not clear whether this is due to more rapid nicotine clearance, constitutional differences in sensitivity to nicotine in the absence of acute tolerance, or other factors. There was no evidence to support the view that higher chronic tolerance to nicotine's heart-rate effects was associated with more severe withdrawal. If anything, the reverse appeared to be the case.
 ...
PMID:Loss of acute nicotine tolerance and severity of cigarette withdrawal. 313 4

We performed a double-blind study of the dose-response relationship of intrathecal morphine (0, 0.3, 1, and 2.5 mg) for postoperative pain relief in 33 subjects who underwent total knee or hip replacement surgery. Assessments commenced 1 hour after the opioid injection, which was given at the end of surgery, and continued for 24 hours. Pain measurements, supplementary analgesia requirements, and adverse effects were recorded. Intrathecal morphine provided effective, long-lasting pain relief. All doses delayed the initial perception of discomfort (T-Pain) and also postponed the onset of severe pain requiring analgetic supplementation (T-Morphine) (1.25 hours control with placebo injections; greater than 20 hours with intrathecal morphine 0.3, 1, and 2.5 mg: P less than 0.05). Although 0.3 mg usually provided good analgesia it was unsatisfactory in three of 10 patients (30%), whereas 1 and 2.5 mg were absolutely reliable. Respiratory depression (increased PaCO2), common after the administration of 1 or 2.5 mg intrathecal morphine, was slow in onset and prolonged. The respiratory depression after 2.5 mg was more profound than after 1 mg, and produced apnea necessitating large-dose naloxone therapy. Pruritus was unique to intrathecal morphine administration, but nausea, vomiting, and urinary retention were common in all the groups. We conclude that no ideal dose of intrathecal morphine exists because, even with small quantities, minor adverse effects are evident. Doses between 0.3 and 1 mg, however, should provide good analgesia free from the major complication, respiratory depression.
 ...
PMID:A dose-response study of intrathecal morphine: efficacy, duration, optimal dose, and side effects. 318 98

The routine use of nasogastric (NG) drainage during and after abdominal surgery was examined. One hundred and fifty patients who underwent various abdominal operations with a Levine tube served as a control group (retrospective group). The tubeless study group (prospective group) of 150 patients was randomly and blindly divided into three equal subgroups. Subgroup A patients were operated on without any NG tube. The tube in subgroup B patients was inserted after induction of anesthesia and removed one hour after the operation. The tube in subgroup C was inserted as in subgroup B, but was taken out 12 hours after the operation. The total number of complications in the intubated group was significantly higher than in the tubeless group (P less than 0.01). High temperature, atelectasis and miscellaneous complications were more frequent in the control group than in the study group (P less than 0.01). Other complications such as nausea, vomiting, bronchopneumonia, and gastric dilatation, as well as the resolution of the postoperative ileus and hospital stay, were not of statistical significance. Fewer miscellaneous complications (P less than 0.05) and less patient discomfort were found in subgroup A than in the other tubeless subgroups. Complications in the study group were easily controlled by conservative treatment and no serious complications resulted. Therefore, the routine use of NG suction as adjunctive therapy following abdominal operations is not advocated by this study.
 ...
PMID:Abdominal operations without nasogastric tube decompression of the gastrointestinal tract. 319 4

In Japan, most couples use traditional methods, with about 80% relying on the condom and a further significant proportion on the rhythm method. In fact a combination of both methods is common among married couples. The oral contraceptives have the following advantages: Reversibility, simple and easy to use, coitally independent, no skill or knowledge required for its use, high acceptability, no pain or discomfort at use, self-administration, while they have the following disadvantages: Inadequate during lactation, sustained motivation in the female side required, clinical contraindication exists, possible side-effects such as nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness, weight gain, questionable possibility of serious side effects such as hypertension, thromboembolic diseases etc., medical supervision and follow up required, expensive cost. The use of the steroidal preparations for contraceptive purpose in Japan awaits official approval. Under present regulations, it is not illegal for the physicians to prescribe the pill, and currently six preparations are available and all contain 50 microgram of estrogen. The reduction in the estrogen and progestogen content of the pill did not appreciably compromise contraceptive potential while untoward effects were considerably lowered. The development and use of the new progestogen also contributed to minimize the possible side effects. Efforts are now being directed at a pill which minimizes metabolic change, decreases the incidence of breakthrough bleeding or spotting, without compromising efficacy. It is with these goals in mind that the multi-phasic pills have been developed in the belief that many of the undesirable side-effects can be circumvented while maintaining almost 100% conception control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Progress of contraceptive methods--OC and IUD]. 325 63

After a brief description of the newest and special form of motion sickness known as "space sickness" arising in space flight, and the various hypotheses on its aetiopathogenesis, motion sickness in general and the air or plane sickness deriving from atmospheric flying are discussed. The aetiopathogenesis of air sickness derives from abnormal stimulations that are primarily vestibular but also visual and somesthesic, and generated by irregular movements or variations in attitude of the plane. Reflex action than produces effects that are primarily neurovegetative (nausea, vomiting, pallor, scialorrhea, sweating, bradycardia) and neuropsychological (depression, drowsiness, headache, discomfort and general debility with altered cenesthesia). After a description of the symptoms, the prevention and treatment of air sickness are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Motion sickness in the aerospace environment]. 331 14

The effects of cisapride, a nondopaminolytic motility-enhancing agent, were studied in 56 patients with chronic functional dyspepsia; all had symptoms suggestive of delayed gastric emptying. The patients received 4 mg or 8 mg of cisapride or placebo orally three times daily for two successive three-week periods according to a randomized, double-blind, crossover study design. Although there was a high placebo response (55% showed good or excellent results), the global response to treatment was significantly (P = 0.024) in favor of cisapride (75% had good or excellent results). The drug was particularly superior to placebo (P = 0.03) in the improvement of a cluster of symptoms typical of postprandial discomfort, including early satiety and nausea. Side effects were minimal.
 ...
PMID:Cisapride in the management of chronic functional dyspepsia: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. 332 64


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>