Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The in vivo effect of yeast-derived recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) was investigated in 29 patients with advanced malignancy in phase Ib trial. Patients were treated at six different dose levels (30-1000 micrograms/m2/day) with either daily intravenous bolus injection or 24 hours continuous infusion for 5 days or 2 weeks. Administration of rh GM-CSF resulted in a broad spectrum of dose-, route-, and schedule-dependent hematopoietic effects. Sustained infusion of rh GM-CSF elicited a maximum 17-fold average peak increase of the total white blood cell (WBC) count with mainly neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes accounting for this rise, and increases in bone marrow cellularity with a shift to immature myeloid elements. Elevation of lymphocytes, platelets and reticulocytes was not induced. Within one week after discontinuation of treatment the leukocytosis had disappeared. Adverse reactions encountered with rh GM-CSF seen in 65% of the patients studied were never life-threatening and always reversible. They included mild myalgias, facial flushing, low-grade fever, headache, bone discomfort, nausea, dyspnoea and transient decline of platelet counts. These results suggest that rh GM-CSF can be safely administered at the doses and schedules employed and that it can induce in vivo some of the biological effects reported in in vitro studies. Although no objective antitumour responses have been seen, the ability of rh GM-CSF to increase turnover and function of leukocytes in vivo may prevent neutropenia and infections, when GM-CSF is adjunctively added to cytotoxic cancer therapy.
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PMID:Yeast-expressed granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in cancer patients: a phase ib clinical study. 246 45

The clinical effectiveness of moxisylyte hydrochloride (Moxyl, Fuji Rebio), a selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking agent, was investigated in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Moxisylyte hydrochloride was administered at the dose of 90 mg per day orally for four weeks. Residual urine sensation was improved in 9 out of 17 cases (53%), retarded urination in 14 out of 19 (74%), prolonged urination in 12 out of 19 (63%), weak stream in 14 out of 21 (67%) and strained voiding in 11 out of 19 cases (58%). Residual urine volume and residual urine ratio were decreased in 14 out of 21 cases (67%), maximum urine flow rate was increased in 14 out of 21 (67%) and mean flow rate was increased in 15 out of 21 cases (71%). There was, however, no statistical significance between pre- and post drug administration in objective parameters. Our open trial showed that the subjective efficacy of moxisylyte hydrochloride was 82% (18/22 cases), the objective one was 59% (13/22 cases) and overall efficacy was 77%. Side effects were observed in four of all subjects (18.2%), and drug administration had to be ceased in only one of these patients due to mild dizziness. Other side effects were mild nausea, headache and chest discomfort. Decrease in blood pressure was not seen in all but one case.
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PMID:[The effect of moxisylyte hydrochloride in the symptomatic treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia]. 247 54

Meeting the increased metabolic demands in the critically injured is a continuing challenge. Benefits of early enteral feeding after abdominal trauma have been previously reported, but the frequency of patient intolerance due to GI complaints remains unclear. One hundred twenty-three patients undergoing emergent laparotomy for major abdominal trauma with an abdominal trauma index greater than or equal to 15 were prospectively randomized to either a control group (n = 52, no enteral nutrition during the first 5 days) or an enteral-fed group (n = 71). The enteral group had a needle catheter jejunostomy (NCJ) placed at laparotomy and an elemental diet begun 12 h postoperatively, advanced in volume and concentration at 8-h intervals to 100-125 ml/h of full-strength diet. Symptoms of GI complaints (nausea, vomiting, cramping, distention, and diarrhea) were monitored daily and graded as minimal, moderate, or significant. Fifty percent of the control group had one or more GI complaints during the study period; six (12%) developed moderate discomfort. In the enteral group, 59 (83%) patients reported some GI discomfort; 11 had significant complaints (two nausea, seven cramping, six distention, two diarrhea). Nine (13%) of the enteral-fed patients ultimately required total parenteral nutrition supplementation due to GI complaints. The remaining 62 (87%) enteral patients were maintained on the elemental diet for a mean of 7 days (range 5 to 20). By postoperative day 5, patients received an average of 35 kcal/kg and 14.5 g N/day; 66% (41/62) were in positive N balance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Gastrointestinal symptoms attributed to jejunostomy feeding after major abdominal trauma--a critical analysis. 250 24

Postoperative ileus is a normal, transient condition following surgical procedures of the abdomen. The restoration of gastrointestinal motility was studied in 50 patients who had abdominal surgery. The motility was evaluated by means of physical signs and clinical symptoms. Physical signs, such as bowel sounds, passage of first flatus and defecation, occurred on relatively constant moments in the postoperative period and did not depend on the type of operation. In the patients who had rectopexy, flatus and defecation passed significantly later, probably due to existing defecation problems before the operation. The moment of resumption of a normal diet varied greatly. None of the physical signs had a predictive value with regard to postoperative nausea or vomiting. No relation could be demonstrated between the moment of removal of the nasogastric tube and the volume of gastric aspirate drained by the tube. The period of postoperative drainage of the stomach in comparable patient groups differed strongly from ward to ward. More attention for nasogastric tube management following abdominal surgery seems desirable. Early removal of the tube is possible in most patients and diminishes unnecessary discomfort.
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PMID:The natural course of postoperative ileus following abdominal surgery. 258 13

The in vivo effect of yeast-derived recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rh GM-CSF) was investigated in 30 patients with advanced malignancy in a phase Ib trial. Patients were treated at four different dose levels (120 to 1,000 micrograms/m2/d) by either daily intravenous (IV) bolus injection or 24-hour continuous infusion. Administration of rh GM-CSF resulted in a broad spectrum of dose- and schedule-dependent hematopoietic effects. Sustained infusion of rh GM-CSF elicited a maximum 17-fold average peak increase of the total WBC count with mainly neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes accounting for this rise, and increases in bone marrow cellularity with a shift to immature myeloid elements. Elevation of lymphocytes, platelets, and reticulocytes was not induced. Within five days after discontinuation of treatment the leukocytosis had disappeared. Adverse reactions encountered with rh GM-CSF seen in 65% of the patients studied were never life-threatening and always rapidly reversible. They included mild myalgias, facial flushing, low-grade fever, headache, bone discomfort, nausea, dyspnea, and transient decline of platelet counts. These results suggest that rh GM-CSF can be safely administered at the doses and schedules used and that it can induce in vivo some of the biological effects reported in in vitro studies. Although no objective antitumour responses have been seen, the ability of rh GM-CSF to increase number and function of leukocytes in vivo may prevent neutropenia and infections when GM-CSF is added to cytotoxic cancer therapy.
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PMID:Hematopoietic responses in patients with advanced malignancy treated with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. 264 95

As part of a broad phase I study of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rh GM-CSF), four patients were treated who had myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with excess blasts. The GM-CSF was given daily as an intravenous injection over a period of 30 min for 5 days. A total of 11 cycles were conducted. Each patient received at least two different dose levels. In three patients, three different dosages were delivered. The treatment course was interrupted by a 10-day rest period. Rh GM-CSF was well tolerated, with only minor side effects seen, which included bone discomfort at the lower back, sternum and ribs, and constitutional symptoms such as low grade fever, nausea/vomiting, and mild myalgias. Whereas no increases in platelet and reticulocyte counts were recorded, elevations of absolute neutrophil counts above 100 cells/microliters occurred in all patients. The most striking finding was, however, the development of increases in the number of circulating and bone marrow blast counts that were observed particularly when doses of greater than or equal to 500 micrograms/m2 of body surface area were administered. In line with data demonstrating in vitro induction of proliferation of leukemic blast cells by rh GM-CSF, one may take advantage of blastogenesis induced in vivo that may favor the use of a therapeutic strategy by recruiting quiescent cells into the mitotic cycle which would then represent optimum targets for a subsequent cycle-specific cytotoxic chemotherapy. Such an approach could form the basis for new clinical trials in MDS.
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PMID:Effect of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts. 265 95

The consequences of inadequately controlled chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting range from minor discomfort to dose-limiting toxicity. Physical complications may occur secondary to protracted nausea and emesis. Furthermore, patient discomfort may be reflected in altered quality of life or noncompliance with therapy. As a primary caregiver, the nurse takes an active role in collaborating with the physician to prevent and/or minimize these side effects and their sequelae. An understanding of the patterns, mechanisms, and risk of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting is crucial to providing optimal patient care. Concepts of drug therapy are emphasized as the cornerstone of antiemetic management.
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PMID:Managing chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting: the state of the art. 266 57

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in 40 patients affected by multi-infarct dementia to see if a daily intravenous infusion of 3 mg co-dergocrine mesylate ('Hydergine') over 14 days would improve severely deteriorated elderly patients and shorten the latent period (3 months) which is observed when the drug is given orally. All the patients had severe mental impairment, psychological deficit or altered consciousness. A Hachinski score of 7 or more, and a cumulative score of at least 12 points on SCAG scale Items 1, 2 and 4 (anxiety/depression) and/or Items 5, 6 and 8 (alertness/confusion) were required for admission. After 1 week of intravenous infusion of placebo, patients were randomly allocated to treatment with co-dergocrine mesylate or placebo, from Day 1 to Day 14. The solutions were infused over a period of 2 hours. During the follow-up period from Day 15 to Day 21, the patients did not receive any treatment. Thirty-six patients (17 on co-dergocrine mesylate, 19 on placebo) completed the study. The results, as rated on the SCAG scale, indicated significant improvements, in favour of co-dergocrine mesylate, in cognitive dysfunction, mood depression, withdrawal and overall impression. Furthermore, the factor fatigue on the Nowlis scale and clinical global assessments by physicians also showed significant advantages of the co-dergocrine mesylate group over placebo. Nine out of 17 co-dergocrine mesylate patients complained of side-effects, usually experienced during infusion; they consisted mainly of nausea (6 patients), gastric discomfort (2 patients), and tremor, nasal congestion, flushing, hypotension and hypertension (1 patient each). Despite the appearance of side-effects, general tolerability was rated as 'good' by both physicians and patients. It is concluded, therefore, that intravenous high dose co-dergocrine mesylate treatment has a fast and clinically relevant effect on the key clinical symptoms of multi-infarct dementia.
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PMID:Effects of intravenous high dose co-dergocrine mesylate ('Hydergine') in elderly patients with severe multi-infarct dementia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 268 Feb 86

Two cases of catheter embolization from implanted venous access devices are reported and the available literature is reviewed. The catheter from an implanted venous access device migrated into the right heart after slippage of the O-ring, which attaches the catheter to the infusion port. The distal 6 cm of an infusion port catheter embolized to the right heart after spontaneous fracture of the catheter at the point where it passed between the clavicle and first rib. Both catheters were removed percutaneously without complication. Risk factors for embolization were apparent on x-ray films with evidence of O-ring slippage in 1 case an obvious kinking of the catheter in the other. Symptoms of embolization included chest discomfort, right upper quadrant pain, and nausea. In 1 case, an extra heart sound, initially thought to be an S3, disappeared when the catheter was removed.
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PMID:Catheter embolization from implanted venous access devices: case reports. 270 40

We assessed the prevalence of Campylobacter pylori in various forms of endoscopic gastritis, including ulcer and nonulcer dyspepsia and bile gastritis and correlated it with histological evidence of inflammation. Multiple biopsy specimens were taken from 120 patients, including four normal controls, who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for evaluation of upper abdominal pain and discomfort, nausea, bilious vomiting, weight loss, and anemia. The patients included 58 men and 62 women, with a mean age of 53 years. Of these, 16 patients had gastric ulcers, 19 had duodenal ulcers, 26 had reflux gastritis (after either gastric surgery or cholecystectomy), one had a gastric polyp, one had Barrett's esophagus, and the remaining 53 had gastritis due to unspecified causes. Campylobacter-like organisms were demonstrated by light and electron microscopy in 50 of 69 patients of the nonbile gastritis group (72%) and in seven of 15 patients of the bile gastritis group (47%) (p0.05). The presence of bacteria in both groups correlated with histologically significant inflammation (particularly chronic active gastritis); similar histologic changes were noted in both major groups of nonbile gastritis and bile gastritis. Campylobacter pylori is common in all forms of gastritis in association with histologic inflammation.
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PMID:The prevalence of Campylobacter pylori gastritis: a study of symptomatic nonulcer dyspepsia and bile gastritis. 278 19


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