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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Our data in 74 patients demonstrate that procaine hydrochloride is a safe anesthetic adjuvant in doses of 1 mg/kg/min even when total doses are 5 to 7 g. Blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiographic variables, and blood gases were not adversely affected. Patients had no nausea or untoward postanesthesia symptoms. Emergence from anesthesia was rapid, within less than 15 minutes in all patients, and most were fully awake before leaving the operating room. In two patients in whom blood levels were studied the drug disappeared within 40 minutes. Procaine is inexpensive, $1.16 for 10 g, and it is not a known liver or kidney toxin. Until studies on cardiovascular dynamics and analgesic effects as in whom a low plasma cholinesterase activity is present or suspected. The clinical appraisal in 56 patients indicates its usefulness in suppressing premature venticular contractions and cough reflexes during endoscopic procedures in the respiratory tract. Procaine can be used to advantage in supplementing general anesthesia in outpatient surgery because of its brief action. For these reasons, the drug merits further study.
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PMID:Reappraisal of intravenous procaine as a short-acting anesthetic adjuvant. 50 95

The antiemetic effects of droperidol, diphenidol, and placebo were compared in 210 patients subjected to minor gynecologic or urologic procedures. Atropine (0.6 mg), meperidine (1 mg/kg) body mass, and either droperidol (5 mg), diphenidol (40 mg), or 2 ml of 0.9% saline were administered IM, 1 hour before general anesthesia. Trial drugs were presented in coded ampules so that the study was conducted double-blind. Droperidol appeared superior to both diphenidol (p less than 0.01) and placebo (p less than 0.001) in the prevention of vomiting, and reduced the incidence of nausea when compared to saline (p less than 0.05). Forty-four patients experienced side effects, which occurred with similar frequency in the 3 groups studied.
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PMID:Nausea and vomiting after anesthesia and minor surgery. 56 92

Women (185) undergoing elective orthopedic surgery under balanced general anesthesia were given 5 or 10 mg of domperidone, 1.25 mg of droperidol, 10 mg of metoclopramide, or a saline placebo intravenously in a double-blind random fashion 5 minutes before the end of anesthesia to prevent postoperative vomiting. Administration of the same antiemetic was repeated intramuscularly during the first 24 hours postoperatively if the patient complained of nausea or retched or vomited. Sigificantly (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.001), fewer of the patients given droperidol were nauseated (25%) or vomited (17%) in comparison with patients given saline (incidence of nausea was 55% and vomiting 40%). Incidences of nausea and vomiting were similar in patients given domperidone, metoclopramide, or saline. Furthermore, 39 to 45% of the patients given domperidone, metoclopramide, or saline needed additional doses of the same drug, whereas only 22% of the patient given droperidol required a second dose. It is concluded that droperidol is effective in the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting after balanced general anesthesia but that domperidone or metoclopramide are not.
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PMID:Comparison of domperidone, droperidol, and metoclopramide in the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting after balanced general anesthesia. 57 64

The series comprises 109 healthy females aged 14-49 years (mean age 28 years) hospitalized for legal abortion or diagnostic curettage. The patients were premedicated with morphine-scopolamine 0.4-0.7 ml i.m. (morphine 20 mg/ml, scopolamine 0.6 mg/ml) and atropine 0.01 mg/kg i.v. Ketamine 1.5 mg/kg was administered i.v. and immediately thereafter 2 ml of a coded solution i.v. consisting either of diazepam 10 mg or its solvent only. Supplementary doses of ketamine 0.2-0.4 mg/kg were administered when needed. Diazepam reduced the incidence of unpleasant dreams and experiences to a significant degree (p less than 0.01) according to the postanaesthetic interviews of the patients. Nausea occurred in the diazepam group in 2 per cent and in the placebo group in 17 per cent (p less than 0.01). In respect to the differences in opinion presented in literature the authors consider the time of administration of diazepam at induction to be of decisive importance and find prophylactic prevention of dreams justified as it cannot be predicted which of the patients will have unpleasant or even terrifying dreams. Dreams and/or experiences or their memories must be prevented at the stage at which the effect of ketamine commences. The authors do not, however, recommend ketamine anaesthesia for young adults, even when supplemented with diazepam. On the other hand, the authors consider the positive observations made during the study to be applicable to all other ketamine anaesthesias.
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PMID:Effect of diazepam on emergence from ketamine anaesthesia. A double-blind study. 76 May 87

A double-blind controlled study based on 197 women undergoing legal abortion (part I) or gynaecological surgery (part II) was employed to estimate the antiemetic effect of dixyrazine. Dixyrazine or part I) or intramuscularly at the end of anaesthesia (part II) and repeated when necessary. The follow-up period lasted 12 and 18 hours, respectively. Overall, a marked antiemetic response in the dixyrazine groups was observed when compared with the placebo treated groups in both part I and II (p less than 0.001). Dixyrazine proved to be superior to placebo especially in patients who were not prone to nausea or who received no major postoperative analgesics (p less than 0.001).
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PMID:The antiemetic effect of dixyrazine in postoperative patients-- a double-blind study. 78 25

One hundred and forty-two pediatric patients between age 1 month and 20 years had 163 endoscopic procedures. Of 66 with chronic abdominal pain, 21 had a source identified endoscopically that was seen in only 15 by esophagogram and upper gastrointestinal series. Of 31 with nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, and/or odynophagia and retrosternal pain, endoscopy demonstrated the source in 19 patients and radiographic studies in 14. Of 34 with hematemesis and/or melena, 26 had a bleeding site identified endoscopically but only 4 of 28 had an identified source by radiographic studies. Duodenal and gastric ulcers and hemorrhagic gastritis were the commonest cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and organically of chronic adbominal pain. Functional abdominal pain was the commonest cause of chronic abdominal pain in those endoscoped. Foreign bodies were removed from the esophagus and stomach of 6 patients and dislodged in 2 others. Caustic ingestion was recognized in the esophagus and stomach of 2 patients who did not have mouth burns. The GIF-P2-prototype with four-way tip control and ability to retroflex 180 degree up, 60 degree down, and 100 degree right and left was superior to GIF-P1 and CF-P-prototype for visualization of the entire esophagus, stomach, duodenal bulb, and postbulbar area in patients less than 10 years old. Visualization of the duodenal bulb was possible in 28 of 29 pediatric patients, and of the postbulbar area in 25 of 26 in whom it was attempted. Infants who weighed as little as 3 to 5 kg were successfully examined. Retroflexion was possible in 29 of 30 to see the fundus and cardioesophageal junction. Patients older than 10 years were better examined with the GIF-D because of its increased ability to transmit light. Sedation for the school-age child with 0.5 to 1.0 mg per kg of diazepam and 1 to 2 mg per kg of meperidine given intravenously provides excellent sedation in most instances. General anesthesia is preferable for the preschooler and infant. Minor complications occurred in 2 patients who received less than adequate sedation and in 1 patient with general anesthesia.
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PMID:Upper gastrointestinal fiberoptic endoscopy in pediatric patients. 87 Mar 72

Our follow-up of 250 gynaecology patients and 100 dental patients who had received anaesthesia for elective outpatient surgical procedures indicates: (1) The practice of outpatient anaesthesia in proper facilities with proper selection of patients appears to be safe. (2) There is widespread patient acceptance of surgery and anaesthesia on an outpatient basis. (3) Complications are frequent but minor. (4) Many of the complications may be minimized: (i) Adequate depth of anaesthesia preferably with a volatile agent will do away with awareness during operation. (ii) Methoxyflurane should be avoided to minimize late arousal. Volatile agents such as enflurane or halothane would seem to be preferable to intravenous agents. (iii) Post-fasciculation pain could be minimized by avoiding succinylcholine for short procedures like D & C and using adequate depth instead. For dental procedures requiring tracheal intubation, one could perhaps use non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, like pancuronium, with reversal at the end of the procedure. (5) Nausea, vomiting, dizziness and headache are complications that occur very frequently in all series reported and this is an area where more research is indicated.
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PMID:An evaluation of the anaesthetic techniques used in an outpatient unit. 87 44

150 cases of prostate cancer treated with estrogens at the Urology clinic of the Hotel-Dieu from 1963 to 1974 are presented. The men ranged in age from 50 to 91; the majority were 60-69 years. Their clinical stages were 29% Stage 1, no perceptible mass; 43% Stage 2, nodule felt on rectal exam; 13% Stage 3, tumor extended outside the prostate but not metastases, normal prostatic phosphatases; and 15% Stage 4, elevated prostatic phasphatases and metastases. Diagnosis was by urinary symptoms in Stage 2 or above, rectal palpation, and puncture biopsy under local anesthesia. Estrogen treatment consisted of diethylstilbestrol, stilbelstrol diphosphate or TACE (Chlorotraianisene), or estradiol. Estrogen side effects were loss of libido after 1 month, gynecomastia, and nausea. Other treatments included prostatectomy in Stages 1 and 2, cobalt in 5 cases, castration in 3 cases, 1 endo-uretral resection, and 1 hypophysectomy. 50% died in 1 year and 16% were lost to follow up and presumed dead in 1 year; the mean survival of the others was 3 years. Estrogen therapy improved symptoms and reversed tumor growth temporarily in hormone-dependent cancers, but these tumors all escape hormone control eventually.
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PMID:[Course of prostate cancer under estrogen therapy]. 87 31

Ethrane permits a very smooth and quick introduction of anaesthesia per inhalationem without signs of any excitation due to its physical properties. Because of its low analgesic property it was necessary to administer nitrous oxide. After the interruption of Tthrane--administration our patients awoke without any nausea or vomiting. In our study we measured stroke-volume and cardiac output during and after Ethrane anaesthesia using the IFM-Minnesota Impedance Cardiograph 304 A. In the first ten minutes of anaesthesia we found a 23 per cent-decrease of strokevolume, a 19 per cent cardiac output-decrease whereas the heartrate rose slightly. Any further significant changes of these parameters up to the end of anaesthesia were not detectable. Already two minutes after the end of Ethrane-administration all parameters had reached their initial values.
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PMID:[Ethrane in anaesthesia for children--measurement of cardiac output by impedance-cardiography (author's transl)]. 101 53

Enflurane was administered to 100 unselected patients undergoing various oral surgical procedures. The anesthetic provided smooth induction, maintenance, and rapid recovery. Vital signs remained stable during anesthesia. No ventricular arrhythmias were observed in the presence of exogenous epinephrine used for surgical infiltration. Postanesthesia incidences of nausea, vomiting, and excitement were minimal. Our experience suggests that enflurane may be the preferred anesthetic agent both for minor dental procedures in outpatients as well as for major oral surgical procedures in hospitalized patients.
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PMID:Enflurane anesthesia for oral surgery. 105 3


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