Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Green-tobacco sickness is an occupational illness of tobacco harvesters. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and prostration. The disease is self-limited and of short duration, but recurs frequently in susceptible workers. The aetiology is not known, but nicotine has been suspected as a causative agent. Thirty-two workers on four North Carolina tobacco farms were studied during harvesting. None of these workers smoked or chewed tobacco. Urinary cotinine (the major metabolite of nicotine) levels were monitored over a 24-hour period to evaluate nicotine absorption. There was a tenfold rise in mean excretion of cotinine among workers who had greatest contact with the tobacco. Less cotinine was found in urine of workers who had less exposure. Levels of cotinine exceeded those found in novice smokers who smoked 3 cigarettes in succession. Absorption of nicotine from tobacco leaf is the likely cause of tobacco sickness.
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PMID:Nicotine absorption by workers harvesting green tobacco. 4 56

Five patients who had injected intravenous (i.v.) phenmetrazine or methamphetamine developed marked prostration resembling septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria, and azotemia. Soon after injection, four noted chills, fever, sweats, nausea, and abdominal cramps. Within hours, they developed vomiting, myalgias, paresthesias, headache, and orthostasis. Cardiorespiratory arrest, accelerated bleeding, and noncardiac pulmonary edema were observed in one patient. From 4 to 11 litres of saline were required in the first 24 h to maintain blood pressure and urine output, suggesting that shock resulted from massive loss of intravascular volume into necrotic muscle. Recognition of this syndrome and treatment by aggressive volume replacement led to the recovery of all five patients.
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PMID:Rhabdomyolysis and shock after intravenous amphetamine administration. 84 98

Adverse effects occurred in four youths after intravenous injection of an aqueous cannabis-seed tea, which was prepared by boiling the seeds. The effects were immediate and included nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, chills, fever, hypovolemic shock, hypotension, and non-oligemic transitory renal failure. Other manifestations included persistent hypoglycemia, tachycardia, gastrointestinal bleeding, conjunctival hemorrhage, injury, jaundice, splenomegaly, leucocytosis, myalgia, arthralgia, motor weakness, and prostration. Ischemia was noted on electrocardiogram (EKG). All manifestations appeared to reverse within weeks, but these effects had been potentially fatal.
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PMID:Adverse effects of intravenous cannabis tea. 87 75

About 5 weeks after the beginning of the outbreak of Ebola virus fever in Yambuku, Zaire, several acute cases of the disease were observed. All of those affected had the following common signs and symptoms: sudden onset of high fever, with chills, headache, myalgia, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, sore throat, expressionless face, and profound prostration. In some cases, on around the fifth day of the acute phase, the appearance of an exanthematous rash on the trunk announced the hemorrhagic manifestations: hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, bleeding ulcerations in the mouth and on the lips, gingival bleeding, hematemesis, and melena; epistaxis, ear bleeding, hematuria, and postpartum hemorrhages were also reported. All these hemorrhagic cases had a fatal outcome within about a week. The hemorrhagic manifestations were less severe in the cases that occurred by the end of the outbreak than in the first reported cases. Hemorrhagic manifestations were less frequent and less severe, or even absent, in the nonfatal cases (convalescents, serologically confirmed). No biologic investigation of the hemostatic impairment could be performed under the emergency conditions of this field study.
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PMID:Firsthand clinical observations of hemorrhagic manifestations in Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Zaire. 274 10

Two incidents of toxin-type food poisoning in N.E. Scotland associated with the consumption of red whelks (Neptunea antiqua) are described. Four patients developed symptoms within 1 h of consuming whole whelks. These included visual disturbances--double vision and difficulty in focusing--tingling of the fingers, prostration and in one subject nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and ataxia. In all cases recovery was complete in 24 h. Using a newly developed analytical technique the concentration of the causative toxin, tetramine, in the salivary glands of the whelks consumed was estimated at 0.07%, equivalent to a content of 3.75 mg/100 g of the shellfish.
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PMID:Food poisoning due to the consumption of red whelks (Neptunea antiqua). 318 22

Antimonial preparations (Pentostam, Neostibosan, stibophen, and tartar emetic) have occasionally been used in the treatment of onchocerciasis without very promising results. The advent of the preparations TWSb (stibocaptate) and MSbE (Friedheim) of allegedly reduced toxicity made it desirable to test them against Onchocerca volvulus.The action of both preparations on the parasites was found to vary from one patient to another, ranging from complete elimination of all parasites in a few cases to no detectable action in others. A microfilaricidal action was detectable in many patients, particularly after treatment with TWSb, which was used at higher doses than MSbE. A lethal or sterilizing action on some or all adult female worms was observed in some patients. However, toxic reactions to the drugs were common and distressing, and often it was necessary to stop treatment on this account. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting and prostration were the most common manifestations, and there was one fatality from coincident yellow fever, which may well have been aggravated by antimony treatment.The uncertain action of these preparations on O. volvulus and the toxic manifestations that accompany their use render them unsuitable for the treatment of onchocerciasis, and it is probable that the effects of antimony on O. volvulus are produced only at or above the normal level of human tolerance.
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PMID:The effects of drugs on Onchocerca volvulus. 2. The antimonial preparations TWSb and MSbE. 488 Oct 67

Clinical signs and lesions of levamisole toxicosis include: nausea, vomiting, increased salivation, frequent urination and defecation, colic, dizziness, headache, muscle tremors, ataxia, anxiety, hyperesthesia with irritability, clonic convulsions, depression, rapid respiration, dyspnea, prostration, collapse, hemorrhages in the subepicardium and thalamus, enteritis, hepatic degeneration and necrosis, and splenic congestion. Most of these signs and lesions are similar to those observed in nicotine poisoning. Levamisole causes vasopressor and panting effects which are blocked by ganglionic blocking agents hexamethonium and mecamylamine but are not blocked by atropine. The vasopressor effect of levamisole is blocked by alpha-adrenergic antagonists phentolamine and dibenamine; however, the respiratory effect of levamisole is not affected by these alpha-adrenergic antagonists. Repeated IV injections of levamisole cause a tachyphylactic response. With levamisole-induced tachyphylaxis, the effects of other ganglionic stimulants dimethylpiperazinium and nicotine are also abolished. Levamisole causes an electroencephalographic arousal which is antagonized by atropine sulfate and mecamylamine. There is also a structural similarity of levamisole to nicotine. These studies suggest that levamisole is a nicotine-like compound. Possible treatment of levamisole poisoning is discussed. Drug interactions of levamisole with organophosphates and anthelmintics, eg, pyrantel, methyridine, and diethylcarbamazine, are also discussed.
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PMID:Toxicity and drug interactions of levamisole. 721 95

During the two war years, higher pregnancies were interrupted by 133 patients either for medical, social or ethical causes. To induce abortions, 15 methyl prostaglandin F2 was used. In advance, portions had been prepared (softened) with cervical application of prepidil gel in dose of 0.5 g. Starting eight to ten hours later Prostin 15 M was applied every 3 hours in dose of 250 mg. An average period from gel application to expulsion of ovulum was 30 hours by nullipara and 21 hours by patients who have delivered a child before. Due to strong uterotonic activity of these medicaments side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and prostration occurred several times. Serious complications were registered in 4 patients. Three of them suffered cervix rupture due either to insufficient preparation or external orifitium spasm. The fourth one had profuse bleeding due to secondary atonia. Ruptures were sutured and bleeding stopped with standard uterotonic and blood transfusion.
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PMID:[Frequency of induced abortions in mid-pregnancy at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic in Sarajevo 1993-1994]. 775 93

This study in cats compared the effects of a natural prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and cabergoline, administered on and after day 30 after mating, with regard to the plasma progesterone concentration, the induction of abortion and the side effects of each regimen. PGF2 alpha, through a direct luteolytic action, induced abortion by an abrupt and rapid (24 h) decline in the plasma progesterone concentration. Using doses (2 mg per cat) comparable to the ones selected in a previous study, 100% of abortions (4/4) in cats treated from day 33 of gestation were obtained. Cabergoline (1.65 micrograms kg-1 day-1, administered subcutaneously for 5 days), through its antiprolactinic action induced abortion in 80% (4/5) of the cats treated on day 30 of gestation. The abortion was initiated by means of a reduction in plasma progesterone concentration to < 1 ng ml-1. This reduction was not as rapid (3-4 days), however, as that obtained with PGF2 alpha (24 h). Prostaglandins always induced significant side effects such as nausea, prostration, vomiting and diarrhoea, within 10 min following injection, whereas cabergoline never induced side effects or behavioural disturbances. In addition, cabergoline usually induced abortion through fetal resorption (75% of cases), without any clinical sign other than some vaginal discharge.
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PMID:Abortion induction in the cat using prostaglandin F2 alpha and a new anti-prolactinic agent, cabergoline. 822 56

The authors report the clinical, laboratorial and epidemiological aspects of a human case of jungle yellow fever. The patient suffered from fever, chills, sweating, headaches, backaches, myalgia, epigastric pains, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and prostration. He was unvaccinated and had been working in areas where cases of jungle yellow fever had been confirmed. Investigations concerning the yellow fever virus were performed. Blood samples were collected on several days in the course of the illness. Three of these samples (those obtained on days 5, 7 and 10) were inoculated into suckling mice in attempt to isolate virus and to titrate the viremia level. Serological surveys were carried out by using the IgM Antibodies Capture Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (MAC-ELISA), Complement Fixation (CF), Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) and Neutralization (N) tests. The yellow fever virus, recovered from the two first samples and the virus titration, showed high level of viremia. After that, specific antibodies appeared in all samples. The interval between the end of the viremia and the appearance of the antibodies was associated with the worsening of clinical symptoms, including bleeding of the mucous membrane. One must be aware of the risk of having a urban epidemics in areas where Aedes aegypti is found in high infestation indexes.
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PMID:Jungle yellow fever: clinical and laboratorial studies emphasizing viremia on a human case. 859 63


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