Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adenovirus serotypes 4 (ADV-4) and 7 (ADV-7) are important causes of febrile acute respiratory disease (ARD) in US military recruits. Previously licensed vaccines, which effectively controlled adenovirus-associated ARD, are no longer available. In the Fall of 2004 we conducted this Phase 1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the live, oral ADV-4 and ADV-7 vaccines made by a new manufacturer to assess their safety and immunogenicity. The adenovirus vaccines were administered orally together in a single dose to thirty subjects. Twenty eight additional subjects received placebo. Subjects were then observed for 8 weeks. The most commonly reported adverse events were nasal congestion (33%), cough (33%), sore throat (27%), headache (20%), abdominal pain (17%), arthralgia (13%), nausea (13%) and diarrhea (13%). None of these rates differed significantly from placebo. The duration of vaccine virus fecal shedding was 7-21 days. Seventy three percent of vaccine recipients seroconverted to ADV-4 (GMT 23.3) while 63% seroconverted to ADV-7 (GMT 51.1) by Day 28. The new ADV-4 and ADV-7 vaccines were safe and induced a good immune response in the study population. Expanded trials for safety and efficacy are in progress.
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PMID:A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and immunogenicity of live, oral type 4 and type 7 adenovirus vaccines in adults. 1844 11

SARS is a highly contagious infection, caused by new coronavirus SARS-CoV. Immunopathological mechanisms responsible for the reaction to SARS-CoV infection have not yet been fully elucidated. Cytokine profile of SARS patients showed marked elevation of Th1 cytokine, interferon gamma, inflammatory cytokines for at least 2 weeks after the onset of the disease. The clinical manifestation of SARS in patients has been of varied nature. Fever of more then 38 degrees C, lasting more then 24 hours, is the most frequently encountered symptom. Other symptoms are non specific and they may include: sore throat, myalgia and nausea. The results of the radiological investigation may appear normal. Infants born to pregnant women with SARS did not appear to have acquired the infection through vertical transmission. However, direct contact with the maternal body fluid which contained SARS-CoV, has put the infants in great danger of perinatal infection. Ribavirin and corticosteroids are usually suggested for the treatment of SARS. However, the ribavirin therapy increases the risk of teratogenic effects in newborns of pregnant women with SARS. Therefore, the usage of this drug is not recommended during pregnancy and lactation.
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PMID:[SARS-CoV infection and pregnancy]. 1851 50

Nausea and vomiting during the infusion of cryopreserved peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) are common. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of lollipop with strawberry aroma on the infusion-related nausea and vomiting of cryopreserved autologous PBSCs. We compared 2 groups of adult patients receiving lollipop with strawberry aroma during cryopreserved PBSC infusions or not to assess the incidences of nausea and vomiting occurring during infusions. All patients received granisetron 3 mg i.v. twice a day, and lorazepam 1 mg every 4 hours orally for prophylaxis of the nausea and vomiting during conditioning phase and infusion day. Before infusion, all patients were premedicated with pheniramine maleate 45.5 mg i.v. and paracetamol 500 mg orally. The patients had no evidence of nausea or vomiting prior to cryopreserved PBSC infusions. The patients with ongoing nausea or vomiting owing to conditioning regimens and/or receiving additional antiemetics were excluded from the study. One hundred fifty-eight patients who consecutively underwent autologous stem cell transplantation for malignancy were included in the study. The first 110 patients (median age: 42.5, range: 17-75) were observed for the infusion related adverse effects only. The consecutive 48 patients (median age: 48, range: 18-80) were given a lollipop with strawberry aroma during cryopreserved PBSC infusions and observed for the infusion-related adverse effects. The 2 groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, diagnosis, stem cell collection methods, conditioning regimens administered, total mononuclear cell dose infused, number of total nucleated cells (TNCs) infused, number of CD34+ cells infused, number of bags infused, total volume infused, amount of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and infusion rate. Patients who received a lollipop with a strawberry aroma during infusions had significantly less nausea (6.3%, n = 3 versus 21.8%, n = 24, P = .02) and vomiting (2%, n = 1 versus 13.6%, n = 15, P = .04) than the ones who did not (observation only group). Other infusion-related adverse events were as follows; hypoxia, cough, dyspnea, abdominal cramping, tachycardia, hiccup, fever, chills, chest pain, hypotension, hypertension, agitation, sore throat, and arrhythmia. Incidences of each of these adverse events were <5% in both groups and were comparable. The use of a lollipop with a strawberry aroma during infusion of cryopreserved autologous PBSCs may be promising in reduction of infusion-related nausea and vomiting, with an easy administration at a very cheap cost.
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PMID:The lollipop with strawberry aroma may be promising in reduction of infusion-related nausea and vomiting during the infusion of cryopreserved peripheral blood stem cells. 1904 Oct 66

Steroids have been found to be effective in treating symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP) by reducing pain and inflammation. In fact, systemic corticosteroids should be reserved for acute exacerbation, and multiple or widespread lesions. They may be indicated in patients whose condition is unresponsive to topical steroids. However, various potent topical steroids have been reported to be effective in the treatment of symptomatic OLP. They can be used as the first line drugs in the treatment of OLP with no serious side-effects. During the therapy, candidiasis was commonly found and in addition, bad taste, nausea, dry mouth, sore throat and swollen mouth may occur as minor side-effects from some topical steroids. Because OLP is a chronic disorder that requires long-term treatment, topical steroids are recommended for the treatment OLP because of minimal side-effects and the cost benefit. This manuscript reviews the use of steroids, especially its topical application, in the treatment of OLP.
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PMID:Steriods in the treatment of lichen planus: a review. 1910 64

Complaints of health symptoms from ambient odors have become more frequent in communities with confined animal facilities, wastewater treatment plants, and biosolids recycling operations. The most frequently reported health complaints include eye, nose, and throat irritation, headache, nausea, diarrhea, hoarseness, sore throat, cough, chest tightness, nasal congestion, palpitations, shortness of breath, stress, drowsiness, and alterations in mood. Typically, these symptoms occur at the time of exposure and remit after a short period of time. However, for sensitive individuals such as asthmatic patients, exposure to odors may induce health symptoms that persist for longer periods of time as well as aggravate existing medical conditions. A workshop was held at Duke University on April 16-17, 1998 cosponsored by Duke University, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). and National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) to assess the current state of knowledge regarding the health effects of ambient odors. This report summarizes the conclusions from the Workshop regarding the potential mechanisms responsible for health symptoms from ambient odors. Methods for validation of health symptoms, presence of odor, and efficacy of odor management techniques are described as well.
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PMID:Potential health effects of odor from animal operations, wastewater treatment, and recycling of byproducts. 1978 32

Among 1,017 influenza A cases identified from July 20 (week 30) to August 30 (week 35), 2009, at Naha Municipal Hospital, most subjects were under the age of 20, and ranged from 1 month to 79 years (median: 17 years). Of these, 714 (73%) came to the hospital within 12 to 24 hours of symptom onset. Of those under 4-years-old, 88% had had contact with these ill with influenza, in so history taking may aid in correct diagnosis. The most frequent symptoms were fever such as 38 degrees (87%), cough (86.3%), headache (73%), arthralgia (69%), sore throat (65%), chills (61%), myalgia (50%), and nausea, vomiting and diarrhea (18%). In 606 (60%) were prescribed oseltamivir, 78 (8%) zanamivir, 175 (17%) maoto, and 333 (33%) no antiviral medication. The percentage of oseltamivir prescription among teenagers was 30%. Of the 1,017, 12 (1.2%) were hospitalized; 6 (50%) with pneumonia and 4 (33%) with asthma. Among the 12, 6 were over 60-years-old and 2 under 1-year-old. All adult admissions had underlying conditions, and 10 (83%) not prescribed antiviral medication and positive in rapid influenza diagnostic testing at a second hospital visit, all were admitted to treat complications, indicating that antiviral medication is a key in treating those with influenza-like illness in a high risk group.
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PMID:[Clinical review of 1,017 influenza A cases between weeks 30 and 35 weeks in 2009]. 2042 Jan 58

BACKGROUND. Little is known about the clinical presentation and epidemiology of influenza A H1N1pdm in children in developing countries. We assessed the severity of influenza A H1N1pdm in children in Nicaragua by comparing H1N1pdm cases to seasonal influenza cases in an ongoing cohort study. METHODS. The Nicaraguan Influenza Cohort Study was established in June 2007 to study the burden and seasonality of pediatric influenza in a tropical developing country. During the period from June 2007 through November 2009, a total of 4391 children aged 2-14 years participated in the cohort. We examined the attack rate of clinical influenza and assessed symptoms at first presentation in febrile patients with H1N1pdm versus those with seasonal influenza A or B. RESULTS. The estimated clinical attack rate of H1N1pdm in the cohort was 20.1%, compared to 11.7% and 15.1% for seasonal influenza A and 11.9% and 24.2% for seasonal influenza A and B in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Symptoms significantly associated with H1N1pdm cases versus seasonal influenza A cases were sore throat (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.5), wheezing (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.3-19.0), rhonchi (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.4-15.0), crepitations (OR, 16.2; 95% CI, 2.1-128.7), pneumonia (OR, 8.0; 95% CI, 1.7-37.3), nausea (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.5-5.1), and loss of appetite (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4-3.1). In addition, 3 concurrent influenza and dengue virus coinfections were identified. CONCLUSIONS. Children with influenza A H1N1pdm presented with significantly more symptoms of lower respiratory infection and gastrointestinal symptoms than children with seasonal influenza. The clinical influenza attack rate was high in both pandemic and seasonal years.
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PMID:Clinical attack rate and presentation of pandemic H1N1 influenza versus seasonal influenza A and B in a pediatric cohort in Nicaragua. 2042 May 2

During the containment phase of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic, mass treatment and prophylaxis with oseltamivir was used to control an outbreak of pandemic influenza in a primary school in Sheffield, United Kingdom, where ten cases of pandemic influenza had been laboratory confirmed over a three day period in June 2009. A subsequent cross-sectional survey showed that 51 of 297 (17%) pupils and 10 of 58 (17%) reported an influenza-like illness. The most common symptoms were headache, cough, fever, tiredness, sore throat and nausea. Fifty-three staff and 273 pupils took oseltamivir for treatment or prophylaxis. Of this group, 41% (113/273) of pupils and 47% (25/53) of staff reported adverse effects. Overall, 14% (37/273) of pupils and 20% (11/53) of staff did not complete the course of oseltamivir, primarily due to adverse effects. Nausea, vomiting and rash were statistically significantly associated with failing to complete the course of oseltamivir. Given the potential for side effects from oseltamivir, particularly among those without influenza who receive the drug for prophylaxis, our findings have two important implications. Firstly, the benefits of mass treatment in an outbreak setting must clearly be greater than the benefits of targeted treatment. Secondly, any large scale regional or state level system for distribution of antiviral drugs for treatment should ideally include a robust quantification of an individual s probability of infection with influenza virus in order to avoid unnecessary treatment.
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PMID:Adverse drug effects following oseltamivir mass treatment and prophylaxis in a school outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in June 2009, Sheffield, United Kingdom. 2048 9

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne infectious disease characterized by fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, sore throat, muscle aches, haemorrhage and thrombocytopenia. It is a challenge for the population of endemic rural areas, and for healthcare workers, and carries a considerable mortality. The disease is widely distributed in Africa, Europe and Asia, and has become a serious threat to public health in Eurasia. The intention of this review is to summarize the current status of CCHF in Eurasia.
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PMID:Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Eurasia. 2081 Feb 53

Infectious Mononucleosis (IM), a benign lymphoproliferative disease, is the best known clinical syndrome caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). It usually resolves over a period of weeks or months without sequelae but may occasionally be complicated by a wide variety of neurologic, hematologic, hepatic, respiratory, and psychological complications. In this report we describe a patient with acute hepatitis following EBV-IM in a previously healthy woman. A 26-year-old woman who presented with fever, generalized weakness, nausea, sore throat, yellowing of skin, and a generalized skin rash was admitted to our clinic. Tonsillar enlargement, pharyngeal erythema, palatal petechiae, lymphadenopathy, and jaundice were noted. Significant atypical lymphocytes ( > 10%) were seen on the peripheral blood smear. Liver function tests such as ALT: 303 U/L, AST: 172 U/L, ALP: 193 U/L and total bilirubin: 7.3 mg/dl were elevated. Serological tests for EBV infection were consistent with acute infection (EBV virus capsid antigen was reactive with IgM and IgG antibodies). The Monospot test was also positive. On the seventh day, liver function tests and bilirubin had risen to peak level and platelets were decreased. The patient was managed supportively and her critical condition improved and was finally stabilized. Although the prognosis for IM is very favorable, a variety of acute complications may occur.
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PMID:Acute hepatitis: a rare complication of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. 2104 62


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