Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ropinirole is a novel, nonergoline, selective D2-type dopamine agonist developed to treat Parkinson's disease. Safety data from therapeutic studies involving 1364 patients receiving ropinirole are reported (mean daily dose 8.7 mg, early therapy; 8.2 mg adjunct therapy). In early therapy, the emergent adverse experiences more common with the ropinirole group compared with placebo were nausea, somnolence, leg edema, abdominal pain, vomiting, dyspepsia, and hallucinations. In adjunct therapy, they were dyskinesia, nausea, hallucinations, and confusion. Most adverse experiences were mild and associated with a similar withdrawal rate compared with the placebo group. Except for hallucinations, the incidence of emergent adverse experiences decreased with time, despite increasing doses. Long-term adverse experiences particularly associated with ergoline-type dopamine agonists have so far not been observed with ropinirole. Only 1.2% of patients receiving ropinirole developed dyskinesia compared with 11.2% receiving L-dopa in early therapy over a mean period of 17 months. There were no clinically significant changes in cardiovascular parameters or laboratory data. The incidence of adverse experiences in the bromocriptine group was low, possibly because of a slow titration scheme and low average dose. Overall, the safety profile of ropinirole appears similar to that of other dopamine agonists. Clinical studies are continuing to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of ropinirole.
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PMID:The safety of ropinirole, a selective nonergoline dopamine agonist, in patients with Parkinson's disease. 961 8

An 8-week, randomized, double-blind study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of policosanol and acipimox was conducted in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia. Prior to entry into active treatment, all patients followed a standard cholesterol-lowering diet for 12 weeks. Sixty-three patients were randomized to receive either policosanol (10 mg/day) or acipimox (750 mg/day) tablets for 8 weeks under double-blind conditions. Both groups were similar at randomization. Policosanol significantly reduced total cholesterol (p < 0.0001) (15.8%), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (21%) and the ratios of LDL-cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (15.8%) and cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol (11.5%). Acipimox significantly lowered both cholesterol and LDL cholesterol by 7.5%. The percent changes of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and both ratios were larger in the policosanol group than in the acipimox group. Both drugs were well tolerated. Acipimox significantly increased (p > 0.001) aspartate amino transferase levels but only four patients showed increases above the normal limit. Policosanol significantly reduced creatinine values (p > 0.05) but no patients had values out of the normal range. Four patients withdrew from the study (two from each group) but none withdrew because of adverse effects. No adverse effects were reported in the policosanol group, while five patients on acipimox reported adverse effects (hot flushes, nausea, vomiting, headache, hypochondrial pain and leg edema). These results indicate that policosanol (10 mg/day) was more effective and well tolerated than was acipimox (750 mg/day) in this study population.
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PMID:A comparative study of policosanol Versus acipimox in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia. 1064 16

A 69-year-old woman caught a cold resulting in nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and severe anorexia. Then she suffered progressively from dyspnea and leg edema, and finally became delirious. On admission severe hypoglycemia, hypothermia, marked tachycardia, generalized edema, mild jaundice and cachexy were noted. EKG showed atrial fibrillation. A chest X-ray, chest CT and echocardiography showed congestive heart failure. Therapeutic use of diuretics induced shock leading to serious liver dysfunction and disseminated intravascular coagulation. However, combined therapy by intravenous glucose, digitalis, diuretics, anti-fibrinolytic drug and hydrocortisone were effective. Addition of antithyroid therapy brought a further favorable outcome.
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PMID:Severe starvation hypoglycemia and congestive heart failure induced by thyroid crisis, with accidentally induced severe liver dysfunction and disseminated intravascular coagulation. 1580 13

Pramipexole has been a widely used dopamine agonist for the last decade. Recently an extended release formulation of pramipexole has been introduced as both monotherapy for patients with early Parkinson's disease as well as for patients with more advanced disease, as an adjunct to L-DOPA. Along with the enhanced patient compliance seen with once a day dosing, there are other potential advantages of extended release preparations of dopamine agonists. Patients initiated on pramipexole have a lower incidence of developing motor fluctuations including dyskinesia than those initiated on L-DOPA. Pramipexole requires a prolonged dose titration compared to L-DOPA, and generally does not have the efficacy of L-DOPA. The extended release form of pramipexole shows comparable mean and peak serum levels with once a day dosing as seen with three times a day dosing of the immediate release preparation. The extended release preparation has been studied in randomized multicenter clinical trial against both placebo and the immediate release preparation in the setting of early Parkinson's disease as monotherapy and in more advanced patients with motor fluctuations on L-DOPA. In both settings the extended release preparation was superior to placebo and comparable to the immediate release form in efficacy with a similar side effect profile including nausea, sleepiness, leg edema, dyskinesias, hallucinations and impulse control disorders.
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PMID:Pramipexole and its extended release formulation for Parkinson's disease. 2386 46

Nephrotic syndrome without hematuria due to infection-related glomerulonephritis is uncommon. The present report describes a case of nephrotic syndrome due to infection-related glomerulonephritis without hematuria and hypertension in an older child. A 14-year-old boy was referred to our hospital because of a 5-day history of fever, nausea, weight gain and recent leg edema without hypertension. Laboratory data showed nephrotic-range proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, mild hypocomplementemia and acute renal injury without hematuria. Although, due to the clinical presentation, minimal-change nephrotic syndrome was mostly suspected, a renal biopsy showed endocapillary hypercellularity mainly of mononuclear cells with segmental mesangiolytic changes. Fine granular IgG and C3 deposits were noted by an immunofluorescent study; many relatively small electron-dense deposits were observed electron-microscopically. These findings led to the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome due to infection-related endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis, although the causative organism of his nephritis was not detected. He recovered with rest and dietary cure. When we examine an acute nephrotic child, infection-related glomerulonephritis should be considered as the differential diagnosis to avoid unnecessary use of corticosteroids.
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PMID:Nephrotic Syndrome without Hematuria due to Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis Mimicking Minimal-Change Disease in a Child. 2688 76

We present a rare case of autoimmune diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism in an elderly man initiated on nivolumab two months prior to admission for treatment of a high-grade neuroendocrine rectal tumor. This patient presented to a local community hospital with one-week history of severe nausea, thirst, and bilateral leg edema. Biochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis in the setting of autoimmune diabetes mellitus and primary hypothyroidism, likely due to nivolumab use. This case illustrates an acute complication due to secondary diabetes mellitus in the setting of a novel anticancer agent. There are three key takeaways for physicians managing patients on nivolumab. First, there should be a discussion of the benefits and risks of immunomodulatory therapy. Second, patients should be tested for immunological and other markers before being started on checkpoint inhibitors. Third, oncologists must be aware of the signs and symptoms of life-threatening hyperglycemia and severe hypothyroidism. Additional studies are needed to identify those patients at highest risk for autoimmune complications.
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PMID:Nivolumab-induced autoimmune diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism in a patient with rectal neuroendocrine tumor. 3285 92