Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nine patients with Parkinsonism were studied before and after treatment with piribedil, a dopamine-receptor stimulator. Piribedil appeared to have a slight anti-Parkinsonism effect upon bradykinesia, and possibly upon tremor, but did not improve rigidity. The chief toxic effects were drowsiness and confusion, and two patients experienced nausea. Changes in homovanillic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid indicated that the drug reduced the turnover of endogenous dopamine. In spite of this definite neuropharmacological action, no clear-cut associated clinical benefit was demonstrated. The significance of these findings is discussed.
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PMID:Clinical and pharmacological evaluation of the effects of piribedil in patients with parkinsonism. 109 Nov 22

Results og an open, controlled three-month clinical trial of therapeutical efficacy of a combination of a low doses of levodopa/carbidopa and bromocriptine in 20 de novo patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are presented. All patients received the same daily doses of levodopa/carbidopa (250 mg), while daily dosage of bromocriptine was gradually increased from 1.25 mg to 30 mg. Owing to development of adverse effects 3 patients dropped out of the study, while in 70% of the patients who completed the protocol improvement of motor functioning exceeded 50%. Those with bradykinesia and rigidity responded most favorably. For all our patients the mean daily dose of bromocriptine was 26.25 mg. The most common adverse effects of the therapy were orthostatic hypotension (7 pts) and nausea (5 pts). The results of the study coincide with the hypothesis that comparative administration of low doses of bromocriptine and levodopa is the best approach to treatment of early phases of PD.
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PMID:[Comparison of administration of low doses of bromocriptine and levodopa in the early treatment of Parkinson disease]. 164 93

(+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine (PHNO) is a novel selective D2 agonist. The efficacy and safety of PHNO was studied in 10 Parkinsonian patients (Hoehn and Yahr Stage II or III) who continued to receive levodopa/carbidopa. At the lowest dose administered (0.25 mg tid), nine of the 10 patients improved with respect to rigidity, bradykinesia and tremor. At this dose there was one dropout because of severe orthostasis. Although there was a trend towards improvement in motor scores with the higher doses (0.5-1.0 mg tid), this was not statistically significant. At higher doses there were a total of four dropouts because of adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting and orthostatic hypotension. It appears that PHNO may prove to be efficacious in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:The efficacy of (+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine as adjunctive therapy in Parkinson's disease. 274 65

We used a new D2 dopamine agonist, mesulergine (8-alpha-amino-ergoline, CU 32-085), to treat 20 patients (12 men and 8 women), mean age 62.6 (SEM = 1.7) and mean duration of illness 5.9 (SEM = 1.0) years. Wearing-off effect was the principal indication for new therapy in 15 patients, and the others had inadequate response to levodopa. All continued on levodopa therapy, and 10 patients were studied in a double-blind controlled test. The mean motor disability decreased from 2.8 (SEM = 0.12) to 1.6 (SEM = 0.18) with mesulergine (p less than 0.0001) and increased to 1.9 (SEM = 0.20) with placebo (p less than 0.001). Tremor improved most, followed by rigidity, bradykinesia, gait, and postural instability. Side effects included dyskinesia, light-headedness, hallucinations, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and ankle edema, but, in general, mesulergine was tolerated well.
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PMID:Placebo-controlled study of mesulergine in Parkinson's disease. 388 92

Twenty Parkinson's disease patients, who had not yet received levodopa, were treated with low-dose bromocriptine. At a mean daily bromocriptine dose of 13.2 mg, 13 patients (65%) improved and had a 32% reduction in the combined score for tremor rigidity and bradykinesia. Adverse effects were frequent, and 25% of the patients were taken off the drug because of nausea or vomiting. After 30 months follow-up, only three patients continued on bromocriptine alone. Ten patients were eventually maintained on low-dose bromocriptine and levodopa-carbidopa, and a clear synergistic effect of bromocriptine in this drug combination was documented in eight patients. Low-dose bromocriptine does not replace levodopa as initial therapy for Parkinson's disease. The potential long-term benefit of the early use of combined low-dose levodopa-dopamine agonist therapy needs to be further studied.
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PMID:Bromocriptine: problems with low-dose de novo therapy in Parkinson's disease. 397 51

A double-blind cross-over trial over 24 weeks (10 weeks on the active remedy, 4 weeks off treatment, and 10 weeks on placebo) of the effect of L-dopa on idiopathic Parkinsonism (paralysis agitans) has shown no difference in the response obtained in patients who had undergone previous stereotaxic ventrolateral thalamotomy and in those who had not. Of the 34 patients (18 men and 16 women) in the trial 18 had been operated on (nine unilateral, nine bilateral operations) and 16 had not. All patients entering the trial were taking anticholinergic drugs in stable dosage and these were continued throughout. The only factor which seemed to limit the response to treatment was pre-existing hypertension. Of 31 patients who completed the 10-week treatment period, 12 showed marked improvement, 15 moderate improvement, and 4 and mild or negligible change. It seems that previous ventrolateral thalamotomy affords some protection against the development of L-dopa-induced involuntary limb movements on the side contralateral to the operation. As found by others, maximum benefit was seen in bradykinesia and rigidity and related features but a significant reduction in tremor was also noted during treatment. Side effects (nausea, hypotension, and involuntary movements) were common but rarely limited the therapeutic response.
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PMID:L-dopa in Parkinsonism and the influence of previous thalamotomy. 492 53

Bromocriptine (CB-154) and the 8-alpha-ergoline CU 32-085, two dopamine receptor agonists, were administered at different times to two series of 22 patients with Parkinson's disease, most of whom took levodopa (plus benserazide) at optimum dosage. The addition of bromocriptine (mean daily dose 32 mg; after 6 months 40 mg) led to a 38.5% reduction of levodopa, while CU 32-085 (mean daily dose 15.2 mg; after 6 months 17.5 mg) permitted a 33.7% reduction in levodopa. The mean dose in two patients on CU 32-085 monotherapy was 55 mg/day. A total of 15 patients tolerated adequate doses of bromocriptine (5-75 mg/day, mean duration of treatment 7.5 months) and 15 patients long-term treatment up to 14 months with CU 32-085 (dose range 1-60 mg/day; mean duration 8.8 months). Both groups showed a significant improvement of "total disability score' at 6 months by 56% and 67%, respectively, and after 6 months by 69% and 69.4%, respectively, with a significant decrease of all types of disability. All patients with fluctuations and "on-off' effects rapidly improved on both compounds. Bromocriptine and CU 32-085 were discontinued in seven patients each (32%) because of adverse effect including mental changes (for with bromocriptine, two with CU 32-085), nausea and vomiting (one and two, respectively), hypotension (one each) and increased tremor plus vomiting (one with CU 32-085). Although adverse effects were similar to those observed with levodopa, CU 32-085 in general showed less severe dyskinesia and mental changes but more frequent nausea than bromocriptine and levodopa. While the results of treatment with bromocriptine and CU 32-085 were comparable, the antitremor effect of the latter drug developed more rapidly, even at low dosage. Both compounds were useful in the management of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, CU 32-085 having a stronger effect on tremor, bradykinesia, fluctuations and "on-off' effects than bromocriptine.
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PMID:Adjuvant treatment of Parkinson's disease with dopamine agonists: open trial with bromocriptine and CU 32-085. 618 Jan 42

Eight psychiatric patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD) were treated with single doses of the synthetic met-enkephalin analogue FK 33-824 (1, 2, and 3 mg IM) morphine (10 mg SC) and naloxone, an opiate receptor antagonist (0.8 mg IM). The drug effects were assessed by blind evaluation of randomly sequenced videotapes made before and during treatment. FK 33-824 (1, 2, and 3 mg IM) slightly reduced TD (P < 0.05) and increased preexisting bradykinesia. The effect on TD, however, was pronounced only in patients concurrently treated with neuroleptics in relatively high doses. Morphine had a similar although weaker antihyperkinetic effect, whereas naloxone had no effect. Side effects of FK 33-824 included dizziness, heaviness in the extremities, slurred speech, and dryness of mouth. Morphine caused drowsiness, dizziness, ataxia, and nausea, and naloxone had no side effects. The results do not point to a primary role of enkephalin in the pathophysiology of TD, but enkephalin may interact with dopamine functions and potentiate some of the effects of neuroleptic drugs.
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PMID:Enkephalin, morphine, and naloxone in tardive dyskinesia. 677 5

Forty patients with severe Parkinson's disease (23 men, 17 women) who had been treated for six years with L-dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor, were part of a placebo-controlled double-blind trial to test the effectiveness of bromocriptin. In all patients the effectiveness of L-dopa had been decreasing, 34 patients had L-dopa-induced dyskinesias, 35 "on-off" symptoms. Bromocriptin dosage was gradually increased to a total dose of 30 - 40 mg daily. This led to a 25% reduction in L-dopa requirements. The symptoms of Parkinson's disease were favourably influenced, with rigor, tremor and also walking disturbances responding better than bradykinesia of the hands. At the same time, there was a marked prolongation of the periods of good mobility ("on" time) from 7 to 10.8 hours without influence on other "on-off" symptoms such as paradoxical akinesia. Two patients had to be excluded from the trial because the treatment caused side effects (orthostatic hypotension, exogenous psychotic symptoms). Other side effects, such as nausea and mild forms of collapse, could be controlled by drugs.
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PMID:[Bromocriptin in the treatment of progressive stages of Parkinson's disease (author's transl)]. 679 66

Lisuride hydrogen maleate, a semisynthetic ergoline and potent central dopamine and serotonin agonist, was tested in 10 patients with moderate to marked Parkinson disease whose response to levodopa had diminished. In the group of 10 patients, there was a significant reduction (p less than or equal to 0.05) in bradykinesia, gait disorder, and total Parkinson disease disability score when levodopa was replaced with lisuride. The mean dose of lisuride was 3.6 mg per day. Among the 10 patients, 5 were better on lisuride than on levodopa, and 4 continue on lisuride 1 year later. A decline in efficacy was noted in all four after a mean of 45 months. Adverse effects necessitating discontinuing the drug were mental changes in three patients and nausea in one patient. Lisuride, when used alone, has definite antiparkinsonian activity and is a promising new drug.
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PMID:Lisuride in Parkinson disease: efficacy of lisuride compared to levodopa. 702 59


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