Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dopamine antagonists are effective anti-emetics. Domperidone does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier and is less likely to cause central nervous system side-effects than metoclopramide. However, a direct comparison of the safety and efficacy of the two drugs has not hitherto been made. Ninety-five patients, with symptoms of nausea and vomiting due to a variety of oesophageal or gastric disorders, were recruited into a randomised, double-blind, three-part, parallel-group comparative study of controlled release metoclopramide 15 mg (Gastrobid Continus tablets, Napp Laboratories) given twice daily, and domperidone 10 mg or 20 mg given three times daily. Assessments for nausea, vomiting, reflux symptoms and adverse events were made on entry to the study. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the three treatment regimes for a period of seven days, throughout which daily symptomatology and use of escape medication were recorded on a diary card. At the end of the treatment period, nausea, vomiting and reflux symptoms, adverse events and a global assessment of patients' symptom control were recorded by the investigator. Both controlled release metoclopramide and high and low dose domperidone significantly reduced symptoms of belching, flatulence, distension, heartburn, regurgitation, reflux, nausea and vomiting compared to baseline. There were no significant differences between the three treatments in efficacy or in the number and severity of side-effects.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of controlled release metoclopramide and domperidone in the treatment of nausea and vomiting. 181 Mar 56

A double blind comparative study comparing Mucaine, Mucaine without oxethazaine, and placebo was carried out with 50 patients with symptoms of heartburn during late pregnancy. We found that the 2 active treatments were more effective than placebo for the relief of heartburn, but there was no statistically significant difference between groups for the relief of nausea and regurgitation. There was a significant difference in the percentage of days of use of each medication, with the placebo being used least frequently. Although not statistically significant, for the 3 measures for which placebo differed from the active treatments, patients showed a better response to mucaine. This suggests that the addition of oxethazaine may be of benefit. The lack of statistical significance may be due to the relatively small number of cases, and the findings are promising. No side effects were recorded for any treatment.
 ...
PMID:Is mucaine an appropriate medication for the relief of heartburn during pregnancy? 209 31

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, we investigated the effects of the prokinetic drug cisapride in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic recurrent distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS). After a baseline period, 17 patients (12.9 to 34.9 years; 12 boys) received, in random order, cisapride (7.5 to 10 mg) and placebo three times daily by mouth, each for 6 months. Gastrointestinal symptoms (flatulence, abdominal pain, fullness, abdominal distension, nausea, anorexia, heartburn, diarrhea, vomiting and regurgitation) were scored three times monthly and physical examinations assessed. At baseline and at each 6-month period, assessment included food intake for 7 days, 3-day stool collection, pulmonary function tests, and abdominal radiographs. During cisapride therapy compared with placebo, there were significant reductions in flatulence (p less than 0.005), fullness, and nausea (p less than 0.05). Patients with the worst symptom scores benefited most from cisapride. With cisapride, 12 patients felt better and three worse (p less than 0.05); physicians judged 11 patients improved and two worse (p less than 0.05). No side effects were noted. There were no significant differences between cisapride and placebo periods in nutritional status, x-ray scores, pulmonary function, food intake (fat, protein, calories), stool size and consistency, and fecal losses of fat, bile acids, chymotrypsin, and calories. For acute episodes of DIOS, intestinal lavage was needed 6 times in 4 patients during treatment with cisapride, and 11 times in 6 patients receiving placebo. In comparison with unselected patients with cystic fibrosis and pancreatic insufficiency who were receiving enzyme supplements and who had no distal intestinal obstruction, fecal fat losses (percentage of intake) were almost twice as high in the study group with DIOS (31.2 +/- 20.6% vs 16.2 +/- 17.6%; p less than 0.01). We conclude that in the dosage used, long-term treatment with cisapride appears to improve chronic abdominal symptoms in patients with cystic fibrosis and DIOS, but fails to abolish the need for intestinal lavage. Cisapride treatment had no effect on digestion and nutritional status of cystic fibrosis patients with pancreatic insufficiency.
 ...
PMID:Effects of cisapride in patients with cystic fibrosis and distal intestinal obstruction syndrome. 223 Dec 17

To assess the impact on the management and safety of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the elderly population, the results and limitations of this technique were retrospectively analyzed in 88 patients. TEE was indicated whenever the transthoracic approach was not diagnostic or was inconsistent with the clinical setting. The most frequent clinical indications were to investigate the source of emboli, assess valvular regurgitation, and identify valvular vegetations. In 72 patients (82%) TEE significantly influenced management decisions. In selected patients TEE avoided the use of more invasive diagnostic procedures. Adverse effects included occasional premature atrial or ventricular beats (11 patients), sinus bradycardia (six patients), and protracted nausea (one patient). We conclude that in elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases, TEE plays a significant role in the decision-making process without adding a significant risk.
 ...
PMID:Transesophageal echocardiography in the awake elderly patient: its role in the clinical decision-making process. 223 67

Chronic intermittent duodenal obstruction caused by stenosis of the distal duodenum is a rare disease. Tight fixation of the ligament of Treitz, compression due to mesenteric lymphomatas or abnormal attachment of the mesocolon can cause intermittent impairment of intestinal passage. It will be necessary to differentiate this against genuine arterio-mesenteric duodenal obstruction as well as nerve motility disorders. History in the appropriate cases reports on postprandial episodes of regurgitation, sensation of fullness, nausea, vomiting and paroxysmal upper abdominal colicky pain. Radiograms always reveal gastroptosis and a varying degree of duodenal obstruction, usually with retroperistalsis. The passage is markedly delayed, with an impairment sometimes at the site of the duodenojejunal flexure. Therapy is always surgical. 8 own cases were cured by leftsided duodenal mobilisation according to Clairmont with additional caudad positioning and fixation of the duodenojejunal flexure.
 ...
PMID:[Chronic intermittent duodenal obstruction in childhood]. 229 39

In an open study, the clinical efficacy of sulglycotide was tested in patients with non-ulcerous dyspepsia (NUD). Outpatients with dyspeptic symptoms of at least 3-months' standing were entered into the study; diagnosis was based on history, clinical findings and endoscopy. Forty-four patients could be evaluated after 8 weeks' treatment with sulglycotide (200 mg t.i.d. orally). Treatment results were checked endoscopically and on the basis of changes in subjective symptoms (heartburn, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, postprandial sense of fullness, eructations, regurgitation, all of which were quantified on an analogic scale from 0 = absent to 3 = intense). Treatment with sulglycotide led to marked and significant improvement of clinical symptoms of NUD (p less than 0.05 vs. baseline) and of macroscopic endoscopic findings recorded at entry. It is concluded that sulglycotide is a valid therapeutic choice for patients suffering from NUD.
 ...
PMID:[Sulglicotide in non-ulcerous dyspepsia]. 252 69

Excessive Enterogastric reflux following partial gastrectomy is believed to be responsible for bilious regurgitation, vomiting, nausea, and epigastric pain. At endoscopy, striking erythema and inflammatory changes of the gastric mucosa may be seen. The nonsurgical treatment for this syndrome is unsatisfactory. Because of the potential pathogenetic role of regurgitating bile acids, lysolecithin, and pancreatic secretions, it seemed relevant to find out whether prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in a dose of 0.5 mg qid could protect the gastric mucosa from further damage and thereby lead to symptomatic improvement. The results of this controlled doubled-blind crossover trial, comparing PGE2 and placebo, in the treatment of postgastrectomy reflux gastritis reveal no significant differences between PGE2 and placebo with regard to symptoms, endoscopic features, and histologic evidence of inflammatory changes. Thus, prostaglandin E2 in the dose used appears incapable of improving postgastrectomy reflux gastritis in patients with mild to moderate degrees of this entity.
 ...
PMID:Double-blind crossover trial of prostaglandin E2 in postgastrectomy reflux gastritis. 354 41

Rumination is repeated regurgitation without nausea or associated gastrointestinal illness with concomitant weight loss and malnutrition. This paper describes a ruminating infant who was becoming severely malnourished. Hyperalimentation was used to provide necessary nutrition, and a paradigm of aversive behavior modification was instituted. This form of therapy was successful after less than four weeks, with no harmful side effects and no recurrence of the disorder.
 ...
PMID:Behavior modification in the treatment of rumination. 640 26

We report the case of a 42-year-old female, affected by mitral valve prolapse and ventricular arrhythmias, who died suddenly from ventricular fibrillation recorded during Holter monitoring. The lethal arrhythmia initiated with late diastolic couplets followed by a ventricular tachycardia that eventually degenerated into ventricular fibrillation. The patient had experienced four orthostatic and stress-related syncopal episodes, associated with nausea and diaphoresis, and a positive tilt test. Holter monitoring documented ventricular arrhythmias, consisting of both isolated monomorphic and sporadic repetitive beats. Her standard ECG and exercise test were normal, but signal-averaged study findings were significantly positive. QT prolongation in the absence of arrhythmias was observed during the Valsalva manoeuvre and isoproterenol infusion. 2D echo showed a remarkable mitral valve prolapse without regurgitation and localized structural abnormalities of the right ventricle. Postmortem study confirmed mitral valve prolapse, and also disclosed pulmonary infundibulum dilatation, massive adipose infiltration of the right ventricular free wall, patchy fibrosis and scattered myocardial inflammatory infiltrates in the left ventricle; these features are all consistent with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.
 ...
PMID:Sudden death in mitral valve prolapse with Holter monitoring-documented ventricular fibrillation: evidence of coexisting arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. 764 75

This paper identifies the symptom profile associated with the four main diagnoses of functional digestive disorders (dyspepsia, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), gastritis, and constipation) made by general practitioners in Belgium. Results are also presented from a multicentre study in which the effects of cisapride, administered as an oral tablet or suspension, were evaluated in patients with these functional digestive disorders. Analysis of symptom patterns revealed that early satiety and postprandial abdominal bloating were the most prominent symptoms, followed by eructation (belching), heartburn, regurgitation, postprandial epigastric burning or discomfort, and nausea. These symptoms occurred in all diagnostic groups. However, different symptom patterns were associated with each of the disorders; for example, heartburn and regurgitation were the core symptoms in patients diagnosed as having GORD, early satiety and abdominal bloating were characteristic of patients diagnosed with dyspepsia, and fasting or postprandial pain were characteristic of patients given the diagnosis of gastritis. Therefore, it appears that these diagnoses used by general practitioners in Belgium closely correspond to reflux-like, dysmotility-like and ulcer-like dyspepsia, as defined by an international working party. Cisapride improved the core symptoms in about 80% of patients with GORD or dyspepsia, relieved all epigastric symptoms in about 80% of patients with gastritis, and significantly decreased the use of laxatives and increased stool frequency in constipated patients. Cisapride was well tolerated and thus appears to be a useful option in the treatment of functional digestive disorders in a general practice setting.
 ...
PMID:Functional dyspepsia versus other functional gastrointestinal disorders: a practical approach in Belgian general practices. 851 55


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>