Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eleven healthy male subjects of normal body weight received either 60 mg of the 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FXT) or matching placebo daily for two weeks, with a minimum one month wash-out period between treatments. Subjects attended on days 1, 8 and 15 from 08.50 h to 15.15 h in each treatment period when food and fluid intake, body weight, pulse and blood pressure, pupil diameter and plasma levels of FXT and NorFXT were measured and visual analogue scales (VAS) for subjective ratings of hunger, satiety, thirst, mood, arousal, nausea and gastric discomfort were completed. The trial was of a double-blind randomised crossover design, each subject acting as his own control. FXT reduced food intake by 15.7 per cent on day 1; by 12.6 per cent on day 8 but not on day 15. Hunger ratings were lowered by FXT on days 8 and 15 but not on day 1. Subjects were less thirsty when taking FXT but there was no concomitant reduction in fluid intake. FXT produced some mydriasis and slowed heart rate. In two weeks treatment with FXT there was a statistically significant weight loss of 1.07 kg compared to a mean weight gain of 0.15 kg on placebo. The incidence of reported side effects was low, drowsiness and stomach discomfort were reported by some subjects on days 8 and 15.
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PMID:The effect of the 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor fluoxetine on food intake and body weight in healthy male subjects. 236 13

To investigate effects of epidural morphine and pentazocine on postoperative pain, eighty-eight women who have undergone gynecological abdominal surgery were studied. 1) As for onset of analgesia, there was statistically no significant difference between morphine and pentazocine. 2) The duration of analgesic effect of epidural morphine significantly lasted longer than epidural pentazocine. The duration of analgesic effect of epidural morphine showed a tendency to be longer in the groups of morphine 4 or 6mg than 2mg, but there was no significant difference between the groups of morphine 4 and 6mg. 3) On the postoperative first discharge of bowel gas, there was statistically no significant difference between morphine and pentazocine. The onset time of the gas discharge showed a tendency to be longer in the groups of morphine 4 or 6mg than 2mg. In case of pentazocine, it may be longer in 15mg than 10mg. 4) As for side effects, nausea, vomiting, thirsty, redness of the face and sweating were mainly observed. However, respiratory depression as well as sensory and motor disturbance which frequently observed after epidural injections of the local anesthetic were not recognized in these procedures. But circulatory depression and urinary retention were observed in only one cases of epidural morphine.
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PMID:[Studies on comparison of the postoperative analgesic method between epidural morphine hydrochloride and pentazocine]. 689 14

In early palliative stages effective nutrition can improve well-being. In late stages and in dying patients excessive amounts of proteins and lipids may induce nausea and vomiting, due to cachexia and subsequent changes in the metabolism. Excessive hydration may give rise to oedema and dyspnoea. In these late stages the patient rarely feels hungry or thirsty. The goal should therefore be to do good, not to harm and to respect the autonomy of the patient. Thus, the well-being of the patient should be in focus: to avoid hunger, thirst, nausea, vomiting, oedemas and dyspnoea. The consequences are that small amounts of carbohydrates and water often constitute the optimum for these patients.
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PMID:[Quality of life is the most important goal of nutritional support of the dying]. 1075 Mar 87

Bochdalek hernia is a congenital defect of the lateral posterior or vertebral lumbar region on the left side of diaphragm, caused by a foramen on it, through which viscera displaced from abdomen to pleural cavity. This is a pathology frequently observed in just born babies but rarely found in teenagers or adults. In world medical history only 100 cases in adults have been reported. We present a case of a 16 years old male patient with moderate mental retard who suddenly suffered from convulsions; this was the second time it happened, because the first time (3 months ago) he showed the same clinical picture but with no further complications. Anticonvulsives were administered to the patient in the general hospital E.R., but immediately after that, he had uncontrollable and frequent nausea, vomits and regurgitation when eating. He also showed anxiety, desperation and even aggressiveness. He was also very thirsty. Three days later the patient was transferred to the gastroenterology unit where we observed the symptoms above mentioned. He also presented sialorrhea. After many difficulties to find the diagnosis due to the patient's problems to communicate even with his relatives help, we decided to perform a surgery. Endoscopy showed total occlusion of the gastric-esophagus connection and an abdomen and thorax X-r showed an abnormal image with hydro aerial level in nearly all left hemithorax. The surgical findings showed total displacement of stomach, spleen, part of the small intestine, ascending colon, cecum, appendix and proximal part of transverse colon to the left hemithorax. Surgical corrections were performed. The clinical case resolved satisfactorily. The late age of the patient, type and treatment are discussed.
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PMID:[Bochdalek's hernia in a mentally retarded adolescent]. 1771 98

The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine how preoperative fasting and postoperative termination of the fast was experienced in ambulatory surgery by child patients and their mothers. The target group consisted of children (n = 12, age 2-10 years) who had undergone tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy, and their mothers. In the interviews, the mothers were asked to describe the problems connected with their child's preoperative fast and postoperative termination of the fast, as well as the things that went well in the process. Content analysis was carried out inductively. Preoperatively, the children were thirsty and anxious, but understood the fasting situation well. In some cases, there were conflicts between the child and his/her parent if fasting was prolonged. Parents also had doubts about their ability to implement the child's fast. Postoperatively, children had pains in their throats and stomachs, suffered from nausea, and had difficulty taking in nutrition and medication. Parents had worries about their child's home care, such as food intake and administration of pain medication. The possibility of postoperative bleeding and exacerbation of the child's condition was also worrying for the parents. The most evident result of the study was that parents need more information before their child's operation. Preparing the child for the operation by giving him/her nutrition as long as permitted enhances postoperative recovery and improves parents' control over the ambulatory surgical experience. Nurses should take a more active part in children's perioperative fasting and preoperative preparation of children and their parents. In further research, experimental studies should be designed in order to receive more evidence-based information for clinical practice.
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PMID:Fasting in paediatric ambulatory surgery. 1819 Apr 84

In 5 experiments thirsty rats received an injection of lithium chloride or of saline, and their consumption of fluid was monitored at 5-min intervals for 30 min. The novelty of the fluid and the novelty of the test context was varied. In Experiment 1 a novel fluid (a sucrose solution) was offered in a novel context; in Experiment 2 the fluid was novel and the context was familiar (the home cage); in Experiment 3 the fluid was familiar and the context was novel; and in Experiment 4 both fluid and context were familiar. Lithium influenced fluid consumption in those designs that included at least one novel feature (Experiments 1, 2, and 3, but not in Experiment 4). Consumption was initially enhanced (with respect to the controls) when the context was novel, but was suppressed when the fluid was novel. In Experiment 5, the flavor was over-ingested after lithium treatment when it was presented in a short (5 min) test conducted in a novel place, but was rejected in a subsequent consumption in the home cages. It is argued that the effect of lithium depends on two factors: enhanced attention to salient cues that modifies the exploratory responses evoked by a novel context; rapid conditioning of an aversion when the fluid consumed is novel. Implications for the use of fluid consumption as an index of lithium-induced nausea are considered.
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PMID:Fluid consumption in lithium-treated rats: roles of stimulus novelty and context novelty. 2283 51

The purpose of our study was to determine the safety and tolerability of early oral hydration (EOH) compared with delayed oral hydration (DOH) after general anesthesia. One thousand anesthesiology (ASA) I to III adult patients undergoing non-gastrointestinal surgery with general anesthesia were randomized assigned into two groups: DOH (n=500, patients were given water 4 h after general anesthesia), EOH (n=500, patients were given 0.5 ml/kg water once recovered from general anesthesia.) in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Patients were evaluated for nausea, vomiting, drink desire, thirsty scale, oropharyngeal discomfort scale, and satisfaction scale. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t and Chi-Square tests. Complete data were available for 983 patients (EOH=488, DOH=495). Twenty minutes after receiving water the incidence of vomiting in EOH group was very low. And there was no significant difference between the two groups at the same time point (p > 0.05). Compared with DOH group, after receiving water there was a significant decrease of patients' thirsty scales (p < 0.0001) and oropharyngeal discomfort scales (p < 0.0001) in EOH group. Significantly more patients' satisfaction were reported in EOH group (p < 0.001). No serious adverse effects were reported during the study period. For patients undergoing non-gastrointestinal surgery, early oral hydration after recovery from general anesthesia was safe, with lower thirsty scale and oropharyngeal discomfort scales, and higher satisfaction.
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PMID:Early versus delayed postoperative oral hydration after general anesthesia: a prospective randomized trial. 2541 88