Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixteen patients on regular hemodialysis were treated with clofibrate, 500 mg three times a week for six weeks. A sustained and significant reduction of serum triglycerides occurred in thirteen patients. Serum cholesterol was also significantly reduced, although to a lesser degree. Predialysis levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid were significantly elevated during the treatment period and returned to previous levels after withdrawal of the drug. The incidence of side-effects was elevated. Five patients complained of nausea and upper abdominal discomfort, while four patients had muscle pain. Several muscle enzymes were elevated in a high percentage of patients, returning to basal values after discontinuation of the drug. It is concluded that clofibrate, although it is effective in lowering serum triglycerides in patients on hemodialysis, should not be used in such patients.
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PMID:[Low dose clofibrate in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in hemodialysis patients (author's transl)]. 744 34

We prospectively studied side effects about 54 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with 3 to 10 MIU a day of interferon (IFN) alpha, which was administrated for 16 to 24 weeks. Every day, all of them wrote down every symptoms, by themselves, during its treatment. Any symptoms occurred in all patients and each incidence of symptoms such as fever, fatigue, headache, anorexia, arthalgia, myalgia, chill, itching, insomnia, nausea, numbness of hand and foot, irritability, diarrhea, eye ball pain, vomiting, were all higher than those which have been reported by some papers in Japan. So, it was considered that the symptom self-wrighting method by patient was useful to evaluate the entity of side effects. Furthermore, we studied 26 patients, who discontinued IFN treatment because of side effects and analyzed the background factors. Each incidence of symptoms of these patients were not always compatible to those incidences. But by observation of those symptoms, we could know severe side effects earlier.
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PMID:[Clinical analysis of patients with chronic hepatitis C who discontinued interferon treatment because of side effects--our experiences and recent reports]. 752 35

Paclitaxel is a plant product isolated from the bark of the Western yew (Taxus brevifolia) that promotes the formation and stabilization of microtubules. This leads to growth arrest in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Paclitaxel has demonstrated significant antineoplastic activity in different tumor types, most notably in ovarian and breast carcinoma. In two Phase II trials (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG]/M.D. Anderson) in patients with previously untreated Stage IIIB-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), response rates of 21% and 24% were reported. We are performing a Phase II trial investigating the efficacy of paclitaxel in patients with inoperable Stage IIIB-IV NSCLC. Forty-three patients were treated, 31 males and 12 females, with a median age of 59 years (range, 29-75), ECOG performance status 0-2, Stage IIIB 30%, Stage IV 70%. Patients were treated every 3 weeks with 225 mg/m2 as a 3-h infusion with standard premedication. Preliminary efficacy results from 37 patients include partial remissions in eight (21.6%) patients, no change in 22 (59.5%) and disease progression in seven (19%) patients. Eight patients are still receiving therapy. The hematologic toxicities (n = 43) were mild, and no World Health Organization (WHO) Grade 4 neutropenia was observed. Nonhematologic toxicities were Grade 1/2 polyneuropathy in 97.6%, Grade 1-3 myalgia/arthralgia in 76%, and Grade 1-3 nausea/vomiting in 18.6% of the patients. In conclusion, paclitaxel is an active single agent in this patient population. Mild hematologic toxicities were observed in the 3-h infusion setting (compared with 24-h infusion) and therapy was well tolerated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Phase II study with paclitaxel for the treatment of advanced inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. 755 41

Rocky Mountain spotted fever occurs during seasonal tick activity. A history of exposure to tick-containing habitats within the 3- to 12-day incubation period is a key epidemiological factor. The signs of fever, headache, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia at onset of infection are difficult to distinguish from those of self-limited viral infections. Rash usually appears later and, if present, progresses through a sequence of stages and distribution that are never pathognomonic. The effects of disseminated Rickettsia rickettsii infection of endothelial cells include increased vascular permeability, edema, hypovolemia, hypotension, prerenal azotemia, and, in life-threatening cases, pulmonary edema, shock, acute tubular necrosis, and meningoencephalitis. In severe cases, fluid management is a challenge. The clinical diagnosis, which is difficult, is rarely assisted by laboratory findings because antibodies are usually detected only in convalescence, and immunohistologic methods for detection of rickettsiae are unavailable in most clinics. Doxycycline is the treatment of choice except for pregnant or allergic patients, who are treated with chloramphenicol.
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PMID:Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a seasonal alert. 761 84

Bisphosphonates are analogues of inorganic pyrophosphate, a naturally occurring chemical in bone. In vitro and animal experiments demonstrated that these agents were effective inhibitors of bone resorption. Subsequently they were applied to a variety of clinical problems in which increased bone resorption was an underlying feature of the pathology. In 1971 etidronate became the first bisphosphonate shown to inhibit bone resorption in humans when it was given to patients with Paget's disease. Subsequently this agent was also found to be useful in treating the hypercalcemia of malignancy. At the present time cyclic etidronate therapy is also used for the prevention of bone loss in patients with osteoporosis and for the prevention of heterotopic ossification in spinal cord-injured patients and in patients after hip replacement. Newer bisphosphonates are generally more potent than etidronate and do not produce a severe mineralization defect as do higher doses of etidronate. Pamidronate and clodronate are highly effective in the management of Paget's disease, hypercalcemia due to malignancy and immobilization, metastatic bone disease, and hematologic malignancies affecting bone. They are also promising agents for the prevention of osteoporosis. Alendronate, risedronate, and CGP 42446 are highly potent bisphosphonates that look very promising for the treatment of all disorders of bone resorption. It is fortunate that adverse reactions are not a prominent feature of bisphosphonate use. The main side effects are nausea and abdominal discomfort, mainly with oral use, a transient increase in bone pain in patients with Paget's disease, and an acute-phase reaction (fever, myalgia, mild leukopenia) in patients receiving aminobisphosphonates. The evolution of bisphosphonate therapy should be considered one of the major therapeutic events of the past 25 years. Future research should define the optimum use of these agents.
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PMID:Bisphosphonates in the treatment of disorders of mineral metabolism. 767 Oct 99

Dengue is a mosquito-transmitted acute disease caused by any of four virus serotypes (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4) and characterized by the sudden onset of fever, headache, myalgia, rash, nausea, and vomiting. The disease is endemic in most tropical areas of the world and has occurred in U.S. residents returning from travel to such areas. This report summarizes information about cases of imported dengue among U.S. residents during 1993 and 1994.
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PMID:Imported dengue--United States, 1993-1994. 773 51

At first sight it seems impossible to put into practice the 1992 resolution of the German Federal Council recommending increased frequency of hospital based operative care for ambulatory patients and the duty to do so under full financial coverage. A detailed analysis of the current situation suggests that this may be possible even today--with some reservations regarding the infrastructure of the hospitals. Selection and preparation of the patient is a process in which the anaesthesiologist must play an important role. Delegation of this duty to the surgeon or the general practitioner is not permitted. The anaesthesiologist must have sufficient time, prior to the procedure, to meet the patient; meeting the patient for the first time a few minutes before induction of anaesthesia is unacceptable. Even if one concedes freedom of methods, one drug and one procedure should be avoided while caring for surgical ambulatory patients: this drug is succinylcholine, because of life-threatening hyperkaliaemia in children with occult myopathy and severe and frequent myalgia especially in ambulatory patients. The procedure not suitable in ambulatory patients is subarachnoidal analgesia--due to an unacceptably high percentage of headaches in young ambulatory patients. The postoperative care and observation must be delegated to especially qualified persons only--and these persons should not be distracted by duties outside the recovery area. The anaesthetist must--in addition--be available at all times without delay. Pain, nausea and emesis molest the ambulatory patient during the postoperative course to a particular extent. The anaesthesiologist must take care of these complaints--even if the patient is discharged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Anesthesia for surgery in ambulatory patients: organizational aspects of the hospital physician]. 777 59

Thirteen patients with metastatic renal cancer were treated in a phase II trial with interleukin-2, 21.6 million IU/m2 intravenously daily for five days on two consecutive weeks, starting 3 days after the administration of low dose cyclophosphamide 350 mg/m2 intravenously. Treatment cycles were repeated every 21 days. No responses were seen (95% Confidence Interval: 0-22%). The most common toxicities were fever, fatigue, hypotension, nausea/emesis, and myalgia/arthralgia. There were 11 episodes of Grade III toxicity including Grade III hypotension in 7 patients. Because of the significant toxicity and the lack of observed response, the study was discontinued. Cyclophosphamide and interleukin-2 at the dose and schedule used in this study has considerable toxicity and is unlikely to improve on response rates previously seen with other IL-2 based regimens in metastatic renal cancer.
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PMID:Phase II study of low dose cyclophosphamide and intravenous interleukin-2 in metastatic renal cancer. 796 Jun 3

This paper reports the DHE substitution clinical trial in 38 heroin addicts. The CINA (Clinical Institute Narcotic Assessment) scale was used to assess physical dependence potential. The CINA scale contains 10 opioid withdrawal signs (nausea, vomiting, gooseflesh, sweating, restlessness, tremor, larcrimation, nasal congestion, yawning, changes in heart rate and systolic blood pressure) and 3 opiate withdrawal symptoms (abdominal pain, muscle pain and feeling hot or cold). For each subject admitted to the Drug Detoxification and Treatment Center his (her) status on each of the 13 items of CINA were immediately rated. Then, naloxone 0.4 mg was injected iv to precipitate withdrawal symptoms and at 5, 10, 15 min after the naloxone injection, the CINA score of each patient was rated again. The differences among the scores of pre- and post-naloxone injection is a measurement of the degree of withdrawal symptoms. Then, a single dose of DHE was administered sublingually to each patient, all withdrawal symptoms disappeared. These results show that DHE can compete with naloxone for opioid receptors. A good dose-response relationship was found between the 100% suppressive withdrawal sign doses of DHE and the degree of withdrawal sign in heroin addicts. The physical dependence potential of DHE given to heroin addicts sublingually was probably more than that of methadone given to heroin addicts orally by making reference to the report of Dr. Peachy.
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PMID:[Clinical assessment of physical dependence potential of dihydroetorphine hydrochloride (DHE)]. 797 40

Several viral and bacterial agents are responsible for hemorrhagic fever in Latin America, but there are three agents that are only present in this region: (1) the Junin virus, (2) the Machupo virus, and (3) the Guanaritovirus, members of the Tacaribe complex of the family Arenaviridae and responsible for the Argentinian, Bolivian, and Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever. The clinical manifestations of hemorrhagic fever are similar for the three viruses, mainly myalgia, arthralgia, headache, relative bradycardia, conjunctivitis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and hemorrhagic disorders. In this article, the three viruses, their causes, and manifestations are discussed.
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PMID:Latin American hemorrhagic fever. 802 48


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