Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

30 patients with HIV infection were enrolled to evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of zidovudine (AZT), 0.5 g/day p.o. (Group A) vs. AZT 0.5 g/day p.o. plus intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), 0.4 g/kg of body weight for three consecutive days, followed by one treatment of 0.6 g/kg of body weight every fourth week (Group B), over a period of one year. The study was open and randomized. The treatment groups were compared using the following study variables: 1) type of infections, recurrences and severity; 2) change in CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell count; 3) change in platelet count; 4) change in TNF alpha serum levels; 5) the probability of not developing an opportunistic infection over a period of 12 months. Patients from Group B developed less pathological events in comparison to Group A. No significative differences were evident with regard to values of T cell subsets obtained before and after treatment in each group and between the two groups. On the contrary, in 12 out of 15 patients from Group B there was a significant increase in platelet count. In both groups there was a significant decrease of mean serum levels of TNF alpha when a comparison was made between time 12 vs. time 6. However, when data were expressed as single values, in three subjects from Group B TNF alpha was still detectable by time 12 vs. 9 individuals in Group A. The cumulative probabilities of developing an opportunistic infection over the 12 months of treatment in the Group A subjects were significantly higher than in the Group B subjects (p less than 0.01). Adverse effects--nausea and gastric pain--were reported for 3 individuals (20%) from Group A and 4 patients (26%) from Group B. In conclusion, patients treated with AZT are especially likely to benefit from IVIG prophylaxis.
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PMID:Clinical and immunologic effects of combination therapy with intravenous immunoglobulins and AZT in HIV-infected patients. 194 58

Thirty-two women with ovarian dysfunction due to hyperprolactinemia were treated with a new derivative of lisuride-terguride. Twenty-three patients were treated for infertility. A microadenoma was confirmed in five, and three other patients had had a macroprolactinoma surgically removed. The finding in one of the patients was diagnosed as the syndrome of empty sella. Galactorrhea was present in 18 women. The duration of treatment ranged from 2 to 33 months. The determination of therapeutic dosages was based on individual responses on the prolactin levels within a range from 0.1 to 4.5 mg per day. Increased prolactin levels were successfully normalized in twenty-one treated patients. Regular periods were reappeared in 59% of the women. Thirteen (56%) became pregnant, seven gave birth to healthy babies, two of the patients aborted in the first trimester. Four women are still in later stages of pregnancy. Galactorrhea disappeared in 56% of the patients, being markedly inhibited in the remaining ones. In two cases, microadenoma disappeared after treatment, and in those after surgery the postoperative findings were decreased, in one patients there is no alteration in the pathology. Side effects were seen in 34% of the patients, being mostly mild in nature, and including in most cases nausea, headache and stomach pain. The complaints were transient, receding after prolonged treatment.
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PMID:Terguride in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia. 215 Feb 71

The safety and efficacy of bismuth subsalicylate in relieving the symptoms of gastro-intestinal distress due to excess ingestion of food and drink were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Of the 132 healthy adult volunteers who were encouraged to overindulge in food and drink during a simulated cocktail/dinner party, 91 (68.9%) experienced symptoms of gastric distress and of these 43 were randomly assigned to receive bismuth subsalicylate and 48 placebo. Subjects took the formulation as needed every 30-60 min, with a maximum of eight doses during the 24-h study period. Subjects who received bismuth subsalicylate had significantly superior relief (P less than 0.01) of the individual symptoms of nausea, sense of fullness, heartburn, eructation, stomach pain and flatulence, as well as superior overall relief (P less than 0.02). The time between the first doses of medication and the attainment of good or excellent relief was also significantly shorter (P less than 0.01) in the bismuth subsalicylate-treated subjects for the individual symptoms of nausea, sense of fullness, heartburn and eructation. There were no adverse reactions.
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PMID:The efficacy of bismuth subsalicylate in relieving gastro-intestinal discomfort following excessive alcohol and food intake. 225 58

Eighteen professional divers (age range 24-33 yr, mean 28.3) participated in one simulated dive to 360 meters of seawater (msw) in a helium-oxygen (heliox) atmosphere with equal compression and decompression profiles. All divers were given an extensive neurologic examination before diving. Clinical neurologic symptoms observed during the dives were equilibrium disorder, sleep disturbances, fatigue, nausea, loose stools, stomach pain, tremor, mental disturbances, reduced appetite, and headache. Symptoms were scored individually by each diver. The symptoms were analyzed statistically by factor analysis, which grouped them into four factors. These symptoms are presumably related to functional disturbances in the brain stem and the cerebellum. Factor 3 symptoms (tremor, mental disturbances, reduced appetite) correlated significantly to a history of predive decompression sickness (P = 0.006) and to cerebral concussion (P = 0.023). Three divers were periodically unable to work at bottom due to equilibrium disorder, diarrhea, or nausea. One diver with mild polyneuropathy and slight cerebral atrophy as seen by computerized tomography and another diver with abnormal electroencephalography were periodically unable to work due to equilibrium disorder and nausea, respectively. We advocate that divers with signs of central or peripheral nervous system dysfunction should not be selected for deep diving.
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PMID:Analysis of neurologic symptoms in deep diving: implications for selection of divers. 232 22

Fifty-one patients with symptomatic ventricular tachycardia who failed control on current anti-arrhythmics were studied. Seventy-four percent had ischemic heart disease and 81% had congestive heart failure. Patients underwent serial 24 Holter recordings and radionuclide ventriculography before, during dose titration and during long-term mexiletine therapy. Twenty-eight patients (55%) were successfully controlled. Of these, 17 (33%) remained controlled greater than or equal to 1 year. Early and late side effects were common but benign and included mostly gastric pain and nausea. Twenty-eight patients underwent radionuclide ventriculography before and during mexiletine therapy: there was no significant difference in heart rate, blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume and end-diastolic volumes before and during mexiletine. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 21.4 +/- 2.2%, (SD) and 21.3 +/- 2.2% (SD) before and during mexiletine respectively. Digoxin blood levels measured in 15 patients were not significantly changed by mexiletine. In conclusion, mexiletine is effective and safe in many patients with intractable ventricular tachycardia. It has no significant hemodynamic effects even in patients with congestive heart failure nor does it affect digoxin blood levels. Its usefulness is limited by a high incidence of gastric intolerance.
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PMID:Mexiletine: long-term efficacy and hemodynamic actions in patients with ventricular arrhythmia. 241 74

Cabergoline (CAB) is a new oral dopaminergic compound showing a very long-lasting PRL-lowering activity and reported to be well tolerated. The efficacy and tolerability of chronic treatment with CAB in 30 female hyperprolactinemic patients, aged 18-52 yr (6 microadenomas, 3 macroadenomas, and 21 functional hyperprolactinemias), were studied. In a group of 10 patients who received CAB (0.8 mg once weekly or 0.4 mg twice weekly) for 8 weeks PRL levels normalized while on treatment and remained normal (8 patients) or greatly reduced (1 patient) for 1-2 months after discontinuation of the drug. Twenty-six patients underwent chronic treatment (6-12 months) with an initial dose of 0.5 mg once weekly, subsequently increased to 1-2 mg in 10 patients and decreased in the other 2. Due to severe side-effects CAB was discontinued in 3 patients, in 1, 8, and 12 weeks. A significant reduction of PRL levels was already observed after the first week of treatment (mean +/- SEM basal values, 90.1 +/- 13.3 vs. 29.5 +/- 6.3 micrograms/L; P less than 0.001). Twenty-two patients had normal PRL levels in 1-36 weeks (mean, 6 weeks) with 0.5-2 mg CAB. Twenty-two patients resumed regular menses; 2 patients became pregnant after 3-11 months of treatment. Thirteen patients complained of side-effects (nausea, hypotension, headache, gastric pain, dizziness, and weakness) that disappeared with time in 10 of them. The comparison with a previous bromocriptine treatment regimen in 20 patients had shown that the number of patients requiring discontinuation of the latter drug was significantly higher (7 vs. 3 patients; P less than 0.001). However, 2 patients who needed to discontinue CAB were able to tolerate bromocriptine therapy. A computed tomographic scan performed after 12 months of therapy in 7 patients showed a significant reduction (50%) of the adenoma in 5. In conclusion, our results show that CAB is a well tolerated new dopamine agonist with long-lasting activity that represents an advance in chronic medical treatment of hyperprolactinemic conditions.
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PMID:Effectiveness and tolerability of long term treatment with cabergoline, a new long-lasting ergoline derivative, in hyperprolactinemic patients. 257 Jul 90

In a multicentre open trial involving 229 investigators, cicletanine, a new antihypertensive agent, was administered orally in doses of 50 to 100 mg/day either alone (1,238 patients) or combined with another drug (430 patients). In this second group of patients with essential hypertension whose BP had not been normalized by a beta-blocker (n = 157), a calcium inhibitor (n = 67), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (n = 134) or an alpha-blocker (n = 7), cicletanine normalized BP (less than 160/95 mmHg) in 48.8% of the patients and significantly lowered BP values which fell from 177.7 +/- 15.9/103.3 +/- 6.3 mmHg to 157.2 +/- 17.6/88.8 +/- 8.7 mmHg. The addition of cicletanine to treatments with beta-blockers, calcium inhibitors and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors normalized BP in 48%, 52% and 47% of patients respectively. A significant reduction of symptoms was noted, notably as regards headache, dizziness, palpitations, lower limb oedema, asthenia, auditory disorders and dyspnoea. The side-effects reported (headache, dizziness, gastralgia, nausea, pruritus) were minor and non-specific; they accounted for the withdrawal of only 8 patients. The only significant, though moderate, biochemical variations observed were decreases in natremia and cholesterolaemia unconfirmed by qualitative analysis. Altogether, cicletanine proved to be effective and well tolerated when administered in combination with other antihypertensive drugs belonging to three main therapeutic classes.
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PMID:[Antihypertensive effectiveness and tolerance of cicletanine. Results obtained with bitherapy]. 257 67

A randomized double blind study in long term malaria chemoprophylaxis was performed to compare the tolerability of Fansimef (1 tablet containing 250 mg mefloquine + 500 mg sulfadoxine + 25 mg pyrimethamine per week) with chloroquine (300 mg per week). 211 Austrian industrial workers and their families in Warri, Nigeria, participated in this study; 101 received Fansimef and 110 chloroquine for 3-18 months (mean 41 weeks). Prophylaxis was discontinued because of adverse effects in 7 volunteers in the Fansimef group (mainly insomnia, palpitations, dizziness, nausea and headache) and in 2 volunteers of the chloroquine group (headache and loss of hair in one volunteer, nausea, dizziness and vomiting in the other). Most of the adverse effects could be due to the mefloquine component. A few minor complaints of burning eyes, nausea and gastric pain were reported in both groups. Laboratory checks performed at 3-monthly intervals showed a slight, transient and clinically irrelevant (but statistically significant) increase of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase at month 3 in the Fansimef group. An attack of acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria occurred in one volunteer 6 weeks after discontinuation of prophylaxis with Fansimef. Antibodies against blood stage parasites could be demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescence test at different stages of the study, indicating that these two antimalarials are not causal prophylactic agents.
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PMID:Tolerability of long-term malaria prophylaxis with the combination mefloquine + sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine (Fansimef): results of a double blind field trial versus chloroquine in Nigeria. 290 58

Eighty hospital patients with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis associated with Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Branhamella catarrhalis or Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated with ciprofloxacin. The patients were divided into four groups of 20 patients each and administered either 500 mg, 750 mg (two different batches of tablets) or 1000 mg twice daily for ten days. Most of the patients with Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis infections were treated successfully but the results in patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections were less satisfactory. Although the ciprofloxacin MICs for the latter organisms were relatively low, mean serum and sputum concentrations measured on the first day of treatment did not exceed 2-3 mg/l and 1-2.3 mg/l respectively. The overall clinical results for all dosage regimes were only fair, mainly due to failure to eradicate Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Adverse effects (nausea, stomach pain or hallucinations) were seen in eight patients, causing treatment to be discontinued in five. It is concluded that ciprofloxacin is only of limited use in the treatment of respiratory tract infections unless Streptococcus pneumoniae is absent.
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PMID:Ciprofloxacin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 294 Dec 87

In clinical trials performed in Italy, 2,003 patients, suffering from various infectious diseases, have so far been treated with ofloxacin. In most cases dosages of 200 mg, 300 mg or 400 mg b. i. d. have been used. In all, 130 adverse reactions have been recorded in 116 patients (5.8%): gastrointestinal events (mostly nausea, vomiting and gastric pain) in 4.8% of the patients, neurological events (mostly headache and insomnia) in 0.7%, cutaneous reactions in 0.4% and others in 0.5% cases. The drug-event causal relationship was assessed by the investigators as unlikely in 5.0% of the events, as possible in 47.1%, as probable in 31.4% and as almost certain in 16.5%. The severity of adverse reactions was judged as mild in 55% of the cases, as moderate in 38% and as severe in 7%. In 30 patients (1.5%), treatment was discontinued because of occurrence of side effects. Abnormal laboratory values probably related to treatment were reported in 25 patients (2.1%). Ofloxacin is well tolerated and shows a safety profile comparable with that of the best tolerated oral antibacterials.
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PMID:Safety profile of ofloxacin: the Italian data base. 295 62


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