Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy and safety of oral sumatriptan as a 100-mg dispersible tablet was compared with oral Cafergot (2 mg ergotamine tartrate, 200 mg caffeine) in a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group trial. In the trial, 580 patients were treated from 47 investigating centres in nine European countries. Sumatriptan was significantly more effective than Cafergot at reducing the intensity of headache from severe or moderate to mild or none; 66% (145/220) of those treated with sumatriptan improved in this way by 2 h, compared with 48% (118/246) of those treated with Cafergot (p less than 0.001). The onset of headache resolution was more rapid with sumatriptan, whereas recurrence of migraine headache within 48 h was lower with Cafergot. Sumatriptan was also significantly more effective at reducing the incidence of nausea (p less than 0.001), vomiting (p less than 0.01) and photophobia/phonophobia (p less than 0.001) 2 h after treatment, and fewer patients on sumatriptan (24%) than on Cafergot (44%, p less than 0.001) required other medication after 2 h. The overall incidence of patients reporting adverse events was 45% after sumatriptan and 39% after Cafergot; the difference was not significant. The most commonly reported events in the sumatriptan-treated patients were malaise or fatigue and bad taste; these were generally mild and transient. Nausea and/or vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and dizziness or vertigo were reported by a greater proportion of Cafergot-treated patients. It is concluded that oral sumatriptan was well tolerated and is a more effective acute treatment for migraine than Cafergot.
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PMID:A randomized, double-blind comparison of sumatriptan and Cafergot in the acute treatment of migraine. The Multinational Oral Sumatriptan and Cafergot Comparative Study Group. 165 39

A double-blind, randomized, multicentre, parallel-group study was carried out to compare intranasal sumatriptan with placebo in the treatment of migraine. Seventy-four patients (37 in each treatment group) were recruited into the study. Patients received two insufflations of the same treatment (sumatriptan or placebo) 15 min apart. Sumatriptan (20 mg plus 20 mg) was more effective than placebo at relieving headache, defined as a reduction in severity from moderate (grade 2) or severe (grade 3) to mild (grade 1) or none (grade 0), at 60 and 120 min. At 120 min, 75% of patients in the sumatriptan group reported headache relief, compared with 32% of patients in the placebo group (p less than 0.001); 53% of patients in the sumatriptan group were completely pain-free, compared with 11% in the placebo group. A clinically significant reduction in the incidence of nausea, vomiting and photophobia was observed in the sumatriptan group compared with the placebo group, and sumatriptan was also more effective at reducing the functional disability of the patients. A similar number of patients reported migraine recurrence, within 24 h in both treatment groups. The observed reduction in headache severity, functional disability and nausea following intranasal administration of sumatriptan would appear to obviate the need for a concomitant anti-emetic during a migraine attack. The results support the further development and testing of intranasal sumatriptan.
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PMID:A placebo-controlled study of intranasal sumatriptan for the acute treatment of migraine. The Finnish Sumatriptan Group and the Cardiovascular Clinical Research Group. 165 41

Sumatriptan succinate, a 5-HT1D receptor agonist, constricts human cranial arteries. Two parallel-group trials for treatment of acute migraines were conducted in the United States. Adult patients were randomized and given either 6 mg of sumatriptan succinate subcutaneously (n = 734) or placebo (n = 370). At 1 hour, sumatriptan was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing moderate or severe headache pain to mild or no pain (70% vs 22%), in completely relieving headaches (49% vs 9%), and in improving clinical disability (76% vs 34%). Sumatriptan also reduced nausea and photophobia significantly better than placebo. Patients with residual migraines received another injection; those who had originally received sumatriptan received either a second active injection (n = 187) or placebo (n = 178), while those who had received placebo received a second placebo injection (n = 335). Statistical evidence for benefit of second sumatriptan injection is absent. Adverse events associated with sumatriptan were tingling, dizziness, warm-hot sensations, and injection-site reactions. Sumatriptan is effective and well tolerated in patients with acute migraine.
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PMID:Treatment of acute migraine with subcutaneous sumatriptan. 165 6

Criteria for the diagnosis of migraine have evolved from generalized descriptions to specific rules designed to ensure the selection of homogenous groups of patients for research studies. For clinical practice, the former are insufficiently specific and the latter are too complex. For care of headache patients by primary care physicians, we propose that the diagnosis of migraine without aura (common migraine) is warranted if any two of the following symptoms are present: unilateral site, throbbing quality, nausea, photophobia or phonophobia. These criteria are derived from a study comparing the features of 100 patients with migraine without aura and 100 patients with chronic daily headache. The proposed criteria for the diagnosis of migraine without aura were highly sensitive and adequately specific in discriminating groups. These simple criteria should facilitate the diagnosis of migraine by primary care physicians.
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PMID:Criteria for the diagnosis of migraine in clinical practice. 188 79

Common migraine and cervicogenic headache have many traits in common, so many that they may be mixed up. Both are unilateral headaches with a female preponderance. However, as for a number of variables, they differ. This first and foremost has to do with factors concerning the neck. In cervicogenic headache, the following symptoms and signs are present: a reduced range of motion in the neck; mechanical precipitation of attack, either by neck movements or by external pressure over the greater occipital nerve of the C2 root; ipsilateral shoulder/arm pain; unilaterality without side-shift. Similar findings are usually not made in common migraine. Typical migraine symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia also occur in cervicogenic headache, but less frequently and to a lesser degree. Operative procedures directed to occipital/nuchal structures may afford decisive differentiation between the two disorders. In our estimation, cervicogenic headache and common migraine are two distinct disorders, with their own clinical patterns, pathogenesis, treatment - and, in all probability, also prognosis.
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PMID:Cervicogenic headache. The differentiation from common migraine. An overview. 191 61

A 20 year old male naval crew-member suffering from sea sickness was treated with transdermal scopolamine (TS). After 5 months of continuous treatment, he developed scopolamine intoxication followed by the appearance of recurrent classic migraine attacks. He had never suffered from headache or migraine prior to TS intoxication. The migraine attacks comprised a prodrome of apathy, bad mood and loss of appetite lasting several hours. An aura of scintillating spots, left arm numbness and paresthesias lasting several minutes was followed by a severe throbbing unilateral headache with photophobia, sonophobia and nausea. After one year of repeated follow-up examination, he continued to suffer from the attacks once every 10 to 14 days, with no identified precipitating factors. We are not aware of similar cases in the medical literature. Although it is not possible to establish TS intoxication as a causal effect of the appearance of classic migraine in our patient, the temporal association and clinical course are very supportive of this assumption. Central nervous system neurotransmitter imbalance of cardiovascular alterations may possibly be implicated.
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PMID:Recurrent classic migraine attacks following transdermal scopolamine intoxication. 207 97

An epidemiological survey on 30,000VDT operators has been carried out to evaluate the relationship between asthenopia and monitor characteristics. A VDU operator has been classified as asthenopeic if he complained about at least two of the following ten symptoms: headache, tearing, eye smarting, blurred vision, double vision, ocular itching, photophobia, blinking, nausea, eye heaviness. Visual discomfort has been related to 1) the presence of flicker; the possibility to regulate, 2) brightness, 3) height; and 4) inclination of monitor. Asthenopia has resulted statistically correlated to the presence of flicker and to the impossibility of regulating height and inclination of monitor for both sexes. The possibility to regulate monitor brightness has not determined a reduction of visual discomfort either in men or in women.
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PMID:[Asthenopia and monitor characteristics]. 208 58

1. This study examined the ability of a bioimpedance method to detect the delay in gastric emptying which occurs during attacks of migraine. 2. In 64 non-migraineur control patients and 46 migraine patients outside an attack, gastric emptying rates were within the predicted normal range. 3. In contrast, rates in 14 migraineurs during 20 attacks were delayed during severe or moderate attacks and were significantly correlated with the intensity of headache, nausea and photophobia. 4. The epigastric impedance method was generally well tolerated by patients and appears to merit further investigation as a clinical method of monitoring gastric emptying of liquids.
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PMID:A correlation between severity of migraine and delayed gastric emptying measured by an epigastric impedance method. 222 19

The characteristics of common migraine are not unique, they also appear in other forms of benign headaches. As there are no laboratory tests and biological signs enabling the diagnosis of migraine and its differentiation from the headache due to muscle contractrion, clinical criteria which are simplified and easy to comprehend should be used. We compared the symptoms in 29 patients of both sexes, suffering from common migraine, as well as 29 patients with headache due to muscle contraction (chronic daily headaches). In common migraine the following symptoms appear in greater percentage (statistically significant): nausea, vomiting, unilateral localization of pain, pulsating pain, photophobia and phonophobia. Bad headache is more frequent in patients with common migraine than in those suffering from chronic headache. We should accept Solomon's and Cappa's attitude who suggest at least two of the following five criteria: 1. nausea with or without vomiting, 2. unilaterality, 3. pulsating pain, 4. photophobia or phonophobia, and 5. provocation by menstruation or positive family history. Besides the above mentioned criteria the authors also mention and emphasize the existence of free interval in migraine when the patient has no difficulties and feels well.
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PMID:[Common migraine--diagnostic criteria]. 226 10

A 59 year-old female with hypercereatinekinasemia associated with pituitary apoplexy was presented. The patient showed headache, nausea, vomiting and pyrexia. On admission, slight nuchal rigidity and photophobia were observed. However all the cranial nerves were intact; neither ophthalmoplegia nor visual defect were observed. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed an elevated protein concentration of 164 mg/dl. There were 157 cells/mm2 (30% neutrophils). Skull X-P disclosed the ballooning of the sella turcica. CT scan, endocrinological examination and angiography lead us to the diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy. By the sphenoidal approach necrotic tissue with a little chromophobe adenoma were removed. No haematoma was detected. The isozyme pattern of serum CK showed 100 percent MM type. Serum CK concentration reached as high as 2502 IU/l on the fifth day from the onset of the symptom and then normalized in 12 days. Though the cause of the hypercreatinekinasemia uncertain, the similar pattern of hypercreatinekinasemia is known in the acute stage of cerebrovascular accident, and it is more often observed in thalamic hemorrhage. We assumed that the hypercreatinekinasemia in our case was caused by hypothalamic irritation, which lead hyperpermeability of sarcolemma and leakage of the enzymes of muscle origin.
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PMID:[Pituitary apoplexy with hypercreatinekinasemia]. 235 Sep 34


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