Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

32 hospitalized adult patients with infective episodes of bronchiectasis were enrolled in an ongoing double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing ofloxacin with amoxicillin. They were randomized to receive either 200 mg ofloxacin or 1 g amoxicillin, both t.i.d. orally for ten days. In the ofloxacin group (15 patients), clinical response was excellent (clinical cure) in 11 and fair (clinical improvement or early reinfection) in three patients with one failure. In the amoxicillin group (17 patients), clinical response was excellent in six, fair in five, and poor (treatment failure) in six patients. Ofloxacin levels at 2 h (day 5) were 2.3 to 8.2 mg/l (mean 3.9 mg/l) for serum and 1.3 to 15 mg/l (mean 4.5 mg/l) for sputum. Sputum: serum ratio was 1.2:1. Amoxicillin levels at 2 h were 10 to 40 mg/l (mean 19.9 mg/l) for serum and 0 to 1.5 mg/l (mean 0.3 mg/l) for sputum, with no amoxicillin detected in sputum in 10 of 17 patients. Sputum: serum ratio was 0.02:1. One patient in the ofloxacin group had nausea. In the amoxicillin group, four patients had nausea and stomach pain, one had vertigo and one had transient peripheral eosinophilia. Ofloxacin thus yielded higher sputum concentration and appeared to be more effective and better tolerated than amoxicillin in infective episodes of bronchiectasis.
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PMID:A double-blind randomized study comparing ofloxacin and amoxicillin in treating infective episodes in bronchiectasis. 354 47

The efficacy and toxicity of ciprofloxacin, an orally administered fluoroquinolone, were evaluated in 24 infections in 23 patients with osteomyelitis caused by aerobic gram-negative bacilli. The diagnosis was confirmed by surgical findings and the results of bone biopsy and culture of bone or deep soft tissue. The aerobic gram-negative bacilli were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15 isolates), Serratia marcescens (five isolates), Escherichia coli (three isolates), Enterobacter species (three isolates), Proteus mirabilis (one isolate), Pseudomonas fluorescens (one isolate), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (one isolate). Minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were 1.56 micrograms/ml or less for all but one isolate. Nine infections were polymicrobial, involving aerobic gram-positive cocci or anaerobes in addition to aerobic gram-negative bacilli. Additional antibiotics to which the aerobic gram-negative bacilli were resistant were given when the additional organisms were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Patients received 750 mg of ciprofloxacin twice daily for a mean of 62 days. Peak serum levels of ciprofloxacin were at least threefold higher than the MBCs in 20 of 24 patients. Twenty of 22 infections in which a full course of therapy was completed were without evidence of active disease at one to 17 months posttreatment. A sternotomy wound infection relapsed after eight weeks of therapy with a newly resistant S. marcescens strain, and an infection of a compound fracture relapsed two months posttreatment with a still sensitive P. aeruginosa strain. Toxicity was minimal in most patients: eosinophilia (six patients), nausea (eight patients), mild elevation in transaminase levels (three patients), pruritus (one patient), diarrhea (two patients), thrush (two patients), rash (two patients), and mild leukopenia (one patient). Two additional patients had severe side effects (vertigo in one and acute renal failure in another) that required discontinuation of ciprofloxacin therapy. Overall, ciprofloxacin is a promising agent for the oral treatment of gram-negative bacillary osteomyelitis.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy of ciprofloxacin therapy for gram-negative bacillary osteomyelitis. 355 45

Antineoplaston A3 is an oxidated mixture of small peptides and amino acid derivatives isolated from human urine which have shown antineoplastic activity in tissue culture and low toxicity in mice. Twenty-four patients diagnosed with 25 cases of neoplastic diseases were involved in the studies. The patients' diagnoses included: adenocarcinoma of the prostate, stage IV (7 cases); adenocarcinoma of the breast, stage IV (3); adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum, stage IV (3); adenocarcinoma of the colon, status post resection (1); adenocarcinoma of the lung, stage III (2); squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, stage III (2); adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, stages II and IV (2); and single cases of adenocarcinoma of the kidney, stage IV; malignant fibrohistiocytoma, stage IV; glioblastoma multiforme, stage IV; basal cell epithelioma; and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, grade II. Only patients who had over six weeks' anticipated survival and who continued the treatment for over six weeks were eligible. In 23 patients, Antineoplaston A3 was administered in divided doses daily i.v. through a subclavian vein catheter. In one patient, the injections were given i.m. The length of treatment was from 44 to 478 days and the highest dosage was 76 mg/kg/24 h. Side-effects associated with treatment included febrile reaction (4 patients), vertigo (2), headache (2), flushing of the face, nausea and tachycardia (1 each). Adverse reactions were mild and occurred only once during the entire course of treatment. Desirable side-effects included increase of platelet count, increase of white blood cell count and increase of reticulocyte count. At the end of the study, there were 5 cases of complete remission, 5 of partial remission, nine of stable disease and six of increasing disease. The patients who obtained complete remission were diagnosed with cancers of the bladder, prostate, colon, and basal cell epithelioma. In view of its very limited toxicity and the interesting responses obtained, Antineoplaston A3 was submitted for Phase II clinical trials to establish its usefulness in cancer treatment.
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PMID:Phase I clinical studies of antineoplaston A3 injections. 356 12

A rare case with the episodes of vertebrobasilar TIAs which were caused by carotid ulcerative lesion and by persistence of proatlantal intersegmental artery is reported. This 69-year-old man was admitted on 14th Feb. 1985 with complaints of three attacks of vertigo, diplopia, nausea, vomiting and dysequilibrium lasting about 1 hour. His past history and family history were unremarkable. On admission, physical and neurological examinations revealed nothing particular, except bilateral carotid bruits. On the right side, innocent low pitched bruit was detected, however on the left side, carotid bruit was high pitched and was regarded as pathological. Blood pressure was 180/80 mmHg. Pulse rate was 66/min and cardiac arrhythmia was not detected by EKG. He also had no history of cardiac arrhythmia as mentioned above. CT scans and MRI showed only mild brain atrophy and no brain stem nor cerebellar lesions. Left carotid angiogram revealed ulcerative lesion of the common carotid bifurcation which was compatible with high pitched bruit. And at the level of the C2 vertebra, persistent proatlantal intersegmental artery originated from the left internal carotid artery which, after running upward, joined to the horizontal portion of the left vertebral artery above the atlas. Internal carotid and the vertebrobasilar vasculature beyond the proatlantal intersegmental artery were normal except slight irregularity of carotid siphon. Right carotid and vertebral angiograms revealed no abnormality and basilar artery was opacified clearly again via right vertebral artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of transient cerebral ischemia of the vertebrobasilar system caused by carotid ulcerative lesion and persistent proatlantal intersegmental artery: a case report]. 360 Sep 93

A case of pigmented, well differentiated, choroid plexus papilloma is reported. A 45-year-old man came to our hospital complaining of attacks of vertigo and nausea. Skull X-ray films and CT scan demonstrated a calcified tumor in the left middle fossa. Tumor removal was done, and it was found that the tumor occupied the inferior horn of the left lateral ventricle. Histological examination revealed well differentiated choroid plexus papilloma containing various shaped pigment granules in the cytoplasm. The pigment granules in the tumor cells were stained black by Fontana-Masson method for melanin. The stain was negative in a section subjected to oxidative bleach. Granules were PAS-positive and autofluorescence. Therefore, the pigment granules had properties of both melanin and lipofuscin. In the electron microscopic study the ultrastructural appearance of the pigment was similar to that of neuromelanin, but not to that of pre-melanosome of neural crest origin. The pigment in this case seemed to be formed by "melanization" of lipofuscin as Barden's theory of pseudo-peroxidation. There are several case reports of pigmented choroid plexus carcinoma. However, no case of pigmented, well differentiated choroid plexus papilloma has, so far, been reported.
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PMID:[Melanosis of choroid plexus papilloma of the lateral ventricle: a case report]. 369 73

Oral contraceptives have many advantages, but sometimes also have side effects which can cause users to switch appropriately or inappropriately to less effective methods or abandon contraception. In Brazil, 2/3 of married women of childbearing age were using contraception in 1981, and 1/2 of these were using orals. Contraceptive behavior following reported side effects in users of oral contraceptives in Southern Brazil is examined in this study, in relation to diverse factors. Among 2904 currently-married women, aged 15-44, almost 75% reported that they had used the pill at some time, and of these, 45.6% were still doing so. Data on perceived side effects were gathered for all women. There was no independent medical evaluation of the effects, so the data did not necessarily represent actual prevalence of pill related problems. Women who reported problems with the pill were less likely to be current users (25%) than women who did not (65%). However, overall contraceptive prevalence was about the same in both groups (66.2% and 67.0% respectively), indicating that women who stop using oral contraceptives usually switch to another method. However, they are more likely to be using traditional methods than women in the general population, especially if they want more children. Termination of pill use varies little according to the type of problem reported. Women with problems who sought medical attention were more likely to stop using the pill, and 82.4% of women advised to stop by their physician did so, but the major factor affecting discontinuation was the reported experience of a problem. The most frequently reported problems were headaches (38.1%), nausea (34.1%), nervousness (27.9%), and vertigo (18.3%). Physician intervention should help to avoid women's abandoning oral contraceptives unnecessarily.
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PMID:Side effects and discontinuation of oral contraceptive use in southern Brazil. 374 28

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction describes a pain-dysfunction phenomenon that usually afflicts persons in their 4th or 5th decade. The syndrome can be produced by a variety of etiologic factors including occlusal disharmony, articular disorders, and muscle imbalance. It may cause severe otalgia and refer pain to the temple, occiput, nape of neck, and shoulders. Often, associated joint clicking or popping, aural fullness, vertigo, tinnitus, subjective hypoacusis, and nausea occur. As it has not been previously reported in infants, we would like to describe our experience with this disorder in an 11-month-old boy who was referred to our clinic with a presumed diagnosis of otitis media. The embryology of the temporomandibular joint is reviewed and appropriate treatment with anti-inflammatory analgesics, warm compresses, orthodontics, and external brace appliances is discussed. Because of referral patterns in the infant age group, the pediatric otolaryngologist should be similar with this entity and its presentation in children.
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PMID:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction in infancy. 381 95

The effects of TTS-scopolamine, dimenhydrinate, lidocaine, and tocainide on motion sickness and vertigo and on caloric and postrotatory nystagmus were evaluated in healthy volunteers. TTS-scopolamine was administered transdermally (delivering approximately 10 micrograms X h-1 scopolamine base) and 100 mg dimenhydrinate orally. Lidocaine and tocainide were administered intravenously (average plasma concentration of lidocaine 6 mol X L-1 and of tocainide 20 mol X L-1). TTS-scopolamine and dimenhydrinate significantly reduced vertigo induced by calorization of the ears, nausea provoked with Coriolis maneuvre, and nystagmus in caloric and rotatory tests. During treatment with lidocaine and tocainide no alleviation of vertigo and nausea was observed. Caloric nystagmus was reduced but rotation induced nystagmus was virtually unchanged. Presumably the motion sickness drugs act at the brain stem where TTS-scopolamine and dimenhydrinate have their target cells in the vestibular nuclei. Furthermore, the alleviation of motion sickness was linked to a decline of nystagmus. Lidocaine and tocainide, the action of which in vertigo and nausea in patients is proposed to be on the vestibular end organs and the supratentorial brain structures, consistently failed to alleviate motion sickness.
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PMID:The effects of TTS-scopolamine, dimenhydrinate, lidocaine, and tocainide on motion sickness, vertigo, and nystagmus. 392 60

A group of 23 professional divers was investigated before and after dives to 300 and 350 metres of sea water. 12 divers were also studied during the actual dive. All divers presented neurological symptoms and signs during compression. Intention tremor, ataxia, motor weakness, sensory symptoms, vertigo, nausea and reduced memory were the most prominent features of the High Pressure Nervous Syndrome (HPNS). There were considerable individual differences. Neuropsychological and neurophysiological investigations performed after one dive showed no significant changes in any of the divers, while there was a clear-cut impairment in a group of 6 divers who had performed 2 dives 3 months apart. These changes indicate that there may be pressure-induced brain dysfunction which persists for a transient post-dive period. Loss of short-term memory is a prominent part of this dysfunction. Transitory neurological signs indicating focal cerebral dysfunction were found immediately post-dive in 4 divers, presumably reflecting the unmasking of pre-existing subclinical minimal CNS lesions.
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PMID:Central nervous dysfunction associated with deep-sea diving. 397 49

The effect of transdermally administered scopolamine (TTS-scopolamine) (2.5 cm2 surface area, one and two patches) and dimenhydrinate (100 mg) on experimental motion sickness was examined in 16 healthy volunteers in a randomized double-blind study. Nausea was induced by Coriolis manoeuvre and vertigo by calorization of the ear. In all subjects, scopolamine was found in urine in concentrations indicating adequate absorption of the drug. One TTS-scopolamine, two TTS-scopolamine and dimenhydrinate caused a statistically significant reduction in nausea when compared with placebo. Dimenhydrinate was somewhat more effective against nausea than one TTS-scopolamine. Vertigo was significantly reduced after dimenhydrinate and two TTS-scopolamine. Side effects of both drugs were negligible, though gait disturbances and vertigo could occur occasionally after two TTS-scopolamine. No dose-response relationship was found between the urinary excretion of scopolamine and alleviation of nausea. Dimenhydrinate and TTS-scopolamine are both effective against motion sickness, the latter provided it is applied 6 to 8 hours before exposure to the stimulus causing the motion sickness.
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PMID:Transdermally administered scopolamine vs. dimenhydrinate. I. Effect on nausea and vertigo in experimentally induced motion sickness. 402 9


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