Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To define the maximum tolerated dose and to study whether recombinant human interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) reduced chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, 20 chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced ovarian cancer eligible for treatment with 6 cycles of carboplatin-cyclophosphamide every 4 weeks (day 1) were entered in a phase I/II open, single-center trial. Cohorts of five patients received during 7 days 1, 5, 10, or 15 micrograms/kg/d rhIL-3 (days 5 through 11) in cycles 1, 3, and 5 by continuous intravenous (IV) infusion or once daily subcutaneous (SC) administration. In control cycles 2, 4, and 6, no rhIL-3 was administered. rhIL-3 significantly increased the recovery of leukocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, especially at 5, 10, and 15 micrograms/kg rhIL-3. rhIL-3 also increased basophil, eosinophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts at this dose steps. Effects on reticulocytes were limited. No difference in efficacy between SC and IV rhIL-3 treatment was found. Chemotherapy postponement for insufficient bone marrow recovery was necessary in 22 of 45 control cycles versus 2 of 49 rhIL-3 cycles (P less than .001). Platelet transfusions were required in 7 of 45 control cycles versus 3 of 50 rhIL-3 cycles (P less than .5). rhIL-3 up to 10 micrograms/kg/d could be administered without severe side effects. At 15 micrograms/kg/d, rhIL-3 headache was dose-limiting. Other side effects were fever, flu-like symptoms, nausea, skin rash, flushing, facial erythema, and urticaria. Liver toxicity occurred in rhIL-3 and control cycles. rhIL-3 slightly increased tumor necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein, and serum amyloid A plasma levels, whereas no effect on IL-6 plasma levels was observed. rhIL-3 administered SC appears to be an interesting hematopoietic growth factor for reduction of chemotherapy-induced myelotoxicity.
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PMID:Effects of interleukin-3 after chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer. 151 36

Seventy-five female patients suffering from advanced breast cancer were treated with toilet mastectomy, radiotherapy and oophorectomy (if premenopausal) or tamoxifen therapy (if postmenopausal) as well as chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil and prednisone. The most common side-effects of combined chemohormonal therapy were gastro-intestinal (nausea, vomiting, rarely diarrhoea) in 43 patients (57.3%), followed by alopecia in 23 patients (30.6%), myelosuppression in 12 patients (16%), extravasation and thrombophlebitis in 7 patients (9.3%), and mucositis and oral erythema in 3 patients (4%). Side-effects of tamoxifen therapy such as vaginal discharge, bleeding, hot flushes were encountered in 10 patients (13.3%). Hypercalcaemia, tumour flare and hepatic, renal, cardiac, pulmonary and neurological toxicities were not encountered. Improvement of 10-30% in Karnofsky performance status was noted in responders while 20-30% deterioration was observed in non-responders. Combination therapy was mostly well tolerated, side-effects were few and toxicities were temporary and reversible.
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PMID:Toxicity and side-effects of combination chemohormonal therapy of advanced breast cancer. 158 18

A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study in 40 lumbar spinal stenosis patients with a 1-year follow-up showed that calcitonin had beneficial effects on the patients' symptoms without producing any notable side effects. Calcitonin had a clear analgesic effect. The mean of walking distance increased, but the crossover trend was not as good as the analgesic effect. Side effects such as erythema and nausea were usually mild and transient. Calcitonin therapy can be used as a conservative treatment in selected cases of lumbar spinal stenosis. When rest pain was mild or the walking distance was under 200-300 m because of neurogenic claudication, the effect of calcitonin seemed to be poor.
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PMID:Calcitonin treatment in lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study with one-year follow-up. 159 76

We have studied whether mouth-swishing with sucralfate, a well-known gastric mucosal protective agent, may be used as prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced stomatitis. Using radioactively labelled sucralfate we found that 20-30% was still bound to the oral mucosal lining 2 1/2 h after mouth-swishing. Forty patients receiving cisplatin and continuous infusion with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for 5 days entered a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Among 23 evaluable patients a significant reduction (p = 0.04) in an objective score of edema, erythema, erosion and ulcerations was seen during treatment with sucralfate. Patient preference favored sucralfate, but this preference failed to reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). Seven patients were inevaluable for reasons not associated with the study treatment. However, ten patients did not complete the study since the swishing procedure aggravated chemotherapy-induced nausea. An equal rate of non-compliance was seen with sucralfate and placebo. To overcome this problem, the oral medication should have a neutral taste, the solution should not be swallowed after the swishing, which should not be started until the nausea had ceased.
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PMID:Effect of prophylactic sucralfate suspension on stomatitis induced by cancer chemotherapy. A randomized, double-blind cross-over study. 169 28

Twenty-eight patients with advanced breast cancer refractory to prior hormone and/or first-line chemotherapy (with or without anthracycline drugs) were treated with the investigational agent amonafide at a dose of 800 mg/m2 intravenously over 3 hours repeated every 4 weeks. Five objective tumour responses of 5.0 months' median duration were observed in the 20 patients without previous anthracycline exposure, including 1 CR. Leukopenia was the dose-limiting toxicity; though it was generally modest with the 800 mg/m2 amonafide starting dose, an initial dose reduction should be considered in patients with prior radiotherapy and/or bone marrow involvement. Other adverse reactions included nausea/vomiting (53%), phlebitis/erythema along the vein injected (7%), and mild neurotoxic symptoms during the drug administration such as headache, tinnitus, and diaphoresis (21%). Amonafide is an active compound for the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer and should be considered for further evaluation and incorporation in combination chemotherapy.
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PMID:Phase II study of amonafide in advanced breast cancer. 181 70

In a prospective open study, seven patients with persistent pustulosis palmaris et plantaris were treated with oral Cyclosporin A (CsA). Clinical efficacy was assessed on a semi-quantitative 0-4 point scale for erythema, desquamation, induration and pustulation. CsA controlled skin lesions in doses ranging from 1.1 to 6.1 mg/kg body weight/day. Clinical side effects included renal impairment, nausea and tiredness. Rapid recurrence of the skin lesions was observed on withdrawal or insufficient treatment with the drug.
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PMID:Oral cyclosporin A is effective in clearing persistent pustulosis palmaris et plantaris. 196 83

This is the first report of a phase I study with n-IL 2. N-IL 2 shows a higher biological activity and different immunomodulatory effects compared to recombinant IL 2. 14 patients (9 male, 5 female) entered our phase I study with continuous i.v. n-IL 2 with a median age of 40 years (range 4-65), including 4 children. The study design was a dose rising continuous iv infusion over 5 days with a starting dose of 1 x 10(6) U n-IL 2 up to 6 x 10(6) n-IL 2 over 24 h. In 2 of 16 regimen with n IL-2 there was a dose reduction and in 6 there was an interruption necessary. In 2 patients there was only a dose reduction necessary because of thrombocytopenia and hypotension. In 6 patients n-IL 2 had to break the continuous infusion. Reasons were an increasing BUN, respiratory insufficiency, thrombocytopenia, neurological symptoms and increasing liver enzymes. The 4 children developed an other side effect profile with edema of the face, abdominal cramps and thrombocytopenia. During the study no intensive care was necessary. The most common side effects were erythema, fever, nausea, dyspnea and hypotension. There was no complete remission, 21.5% of the patients had a partial remission, 7% showed no change and 71.5% had a progression. There were no significant differences in toxicity and response was comparable to studies using continuous r IL-2.
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PMID:[Continuous infusion of natural interleukin 2 (n IL-2) in treatment of malignant diseases: phase I study]. 209 79

Nineteen assessable patients with recurrent malignant astrocytomas who had failed standard therapy (surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy) were treated on a phase I-II trial with a biologic extract of Serratia marcescens (ImuVert; Cell Technology, Boulder, CO) a new biologic response modifier (BRM). Two complete responses (CRs) were seen, of 63 and 77+ weeks duration. One minor response (MR) occurred, of 6 weeks duration. There were four additional stable (S) patients, with durations of 58+, 39, 12, and 7 weeks. Median time to progression and median survival in the CR plus MR patients were 63 and 129+ weeks, respectively. Overall, median time to progression and median survival were 12 and 19 weeks, respectively. Three patients are alive greater than or equal to 2.5 years from study entry. Common toxicities included transient (less than 72 hours) tenderness, induration, and erythema at the injection sites. Systemic toxicities were less frequent and included fever, chills, nausea/vomiting, headache, arthralgia, and hypotension. The response rate (CR plus MR) to this new BRM is modest (16%). However, the observation of CRs in patients with advanced recurrent malignant astrocytomas, with acceptable overall toxicity, warrants further study of this agent.
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PMID:Phase II trial of Serratia marcescens extract in recurrent malignant astrocytoma. 219 24

In 1981 and 1982, two US citizens died from Japanese encephalitis (JE) acquired in China. In 1983, the Centers for Disease Control initiated an evaluation of a purified, inactivated, mouse-brain-derived JE vaccine produced and used in Japan since 1966. Two doses of this vaccine given 1-2 weeks apart evoked neutralizing antibody titers greater than or equal to 8 in only 77% of recipients. After three JE vaccine doses administered 1-2 weeks apart, 99% developed titers greater than or equal to 8. When a third dose was given to 29 participants 6-12 months after the primary series, all developed titers greater than or equal to 16. Reported adverse reactions included injection site tenderness (18%), erythema (6%), or swelling (3%); headache (9%); and dizziness, fatigue, sleepiness, nausea, chills, fever, or lower back pain (less than or equal to 5%). On the basis of this study, three doses of BIKEN JE vaccine are recommended for US citizens who may be at risk of exposure to JE virus.
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PMID:Evaluation of the potency and safety of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine in US inhabitants. 232 39

Reports in the literature about cinnamon oil toxicity are limited to allergic reactions and local irritant effects from dermatologic exposure. Cinnamon oil is easily obtained from pharmacies in 5-10 ml amounts for use as a flavoring agent and in craft items. Within a 5-mo period the Pittsburgh Poison Center (PPC) documented 32 cases of cinnamon oil abuse; all cases involved males aged 11-16 y and were reported to the PPC by school nurses. Sucking on toothpicks or fingers which had been dipped in cinnamon oil was the primary method of abuse. A rush or sensation of warmth, facial flushing, and oral burning were the experiences reported by the users. Some children complained of nausea or abdominal pain but no systemic effects were reported. Eight patients with dermal exposure had irritation ranging from erythema to welts, which resolved after thorough soap and water decontamination. Two ocular exposures resulted in mild irritation and were successfully treated with irrigation or dilution. The recent popularity of cinnamon oil abuse appears to be related to the ease with which it can be carried, engendering little fear of discovery or chastisement. Despite the relatively low toxicity of cinnamon oil, medical professionals should be aware of its potential for misuse.
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PMID:Cinnamon oil abuse by adolescents. 232 68


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